定语（限定） 从句（主句）: 形容词性从句

学生

在美国读书的学生

在美国读书的学生是Jerry
Jerry is a student who studies in America

Mary is a girl who has long hair.

Mary is a girl. She has long hair.
Mary is a girl and she has long hair.

Mary 是一个有长头发的女孩
先行词
关系词：关系代词 that who whom which whose
关系副词 when where why

① who 指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。
The man(_who/省略/whom_____I talked with) is our teacher.
A person（_who____steals things） is called a thief.

②whom 指人,在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。
The man_______I nodded to is Mr. Li.

③ which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。
These are the trees______were planted last year.
This computer_____he is using is made in Japan.

④that 指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。
A plane is a machine______can fly.
He is the man______I told you about.

1
⑤whose 指人或物, 在定语从句中作定语（....的） 。不可省略。他的/它的/她的
This is the little girl whose_parents were killed in the great earthquake.
This is the little girl ._Her parents were killed in the great earthquake.

We live in a house ___whose_____windows face south.

I know the student __whose_____mother is a doctor.

总结
先行词是人 that/who 可做主语 宾语
whom 只能做宾语

先行词是物 that/which 可做主语 宾语

1.The girl _ who/that_________is standing next to our teacher is her daughter.

2. The girl __________our teacher is talking with is a famous singer.
3. The girl_______ mother is a teacher can speak English very well.

4. I can’t find the book _______is borrowed from the library.

5. I can’t find the book _______you lent to me.

1. This is the bag _____ my mother bought yesterday.

A. that B. who C. whom D. this
2. The man _____ lives next to us is my English teacher.
A. whom B. which C. who D. /
3. The girl _____ you saw in the street is Mary.
A. that B. whose C. which D. as
4. Is this the factory _____ a lot of students visited yesterday?
A. the one B. which C. who D. whom

合成句子
1. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college.

2
2. I spoke to the man. The man is a professor.

3. The woman (you were talking about her )is here now.

4. I like the subject. The subject is science.

5.The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us.

6. The man waved to us. The man was my uncle.

7 I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a book last week.

8. Tom is outside the gym. He is waiting for his classmates.

9 A boy is mending a radio in the corner of the room. I don’t know him.

关系副词
when 时间状语 time
where 地点状语 place
why 原因状语 reason

3
关系副词 when
先行词指时间，when 在定语从句中作时间状语，when 可换成“介词+关系代词”。
看从句是否缺少句子成分（主语 or 宾语）
I still remember the day when I first came to Nanjing.
I still remember the day on which I first came to Nanjing.
I still remember the day which I first came to Nanjing on.

My father was born in the year when World War Ⅱ broke out.

Do you still remember the day___which_ we spent together?

Do you still remember the day__on which=when__ we first went to Beijing ?

关系副词 where
先行词指地点，where 在定语从句中作地点状语，where 可换成“介词+which”。
This is the farm where we worked when we were young.
This is the farm on which we worked when we were young.
This is the farm which 关系代词 we worked when we were young.（错）
This is the farm which we worked when we were young on（对）.

The school where his mother teaches is in the west of the city.
The school in which his mother teaches is in the west of the city.

I like the village __which__we visited last summer.

I like the village __where____ we had a nice time last summer.

用关系副词 why 时，先行词指原因，why 在定语从句中作原因状语，why 可换成“for+which”。如：

There are several reasons why the boys should be punished.
There are several reasons which he told me
There are several reasons for which the boys should be punished.
There are several reasons which the boys should be punished.(错)
There are several reasons which the boys should be punished for.(对)

the reason for=the cause of

4
简单句
① 主谓 I came（不及物动词） I arrive
② 主谓宾
③ 主谓 间宾 直宾
我给 你 五块钱
I give you a book
④ 主系（联系）表 系动词就是 be 动词+ 感官动词
she is beautiful
⑤ 主 谓 宾 宾补 ask sb to do sth
I want you to join in my team
I ask you

学生们拿着书 走进教室
The students take books and students come into the classroom
The students come in the classroom, with the books
背着书包去学校

Tom couldn’t give the teacher the reason why he was late for school.
Tom couldn’t give the teacher the reason for which he was late for school.

练习
1 .A.Paris is a city __has a leaning tower.
B.Paris is a city____there is a leaning tower.
a.which b.that c.where d.there

2.A.This is the place____we visited last year.

B.This the place____we worked last year.
a.which b.where c. in that d.there

┏ at which he works.
┣ which he works at.
That is the college┣ where he works.
┣ that he works at.
┗ he works at.

┏ on which he was born

5
 ┣ which he was born on
The day ┣ when he was born was 2nd Mar.
┣ that he was born on
┗ he was born on

只用非限制性定语从句的情况
当先行词指的是世界上独一无二的事物时。
The moon, which is 384,400 kilometers away from the earth, goes around the earth.

当关系代词指代整个主句内容时。
He was late again, which made his teacher very angry.

先行词是人名、地名、国名、建筑物等专有名词时。
Yesterday he left America, where he had stayed for two years.

As 和 which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别
Which 引导的从句与主句关系较密切，常放在主句之后；

而 as 引导从句，可放在句首、句中或句尾。
Which 既可代指先行词，又可代指整个主句的内容。
而 as 则只能代指整个主句的内容。译为“正如…..那样”，且已形成固定结构。
如：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is often the case, as is expected, as can be
described…

eg. Einstein, as is known to all , is a famous scientist.

As is reported, China has become an important country in the world.
He didn’t come to attend the meeting, as is expected.
Bamboo is hollow , which makes it very light.

1.______was expected,he married Jenny.

A.Which B.That C.This D.As
2.I passed him a large glass of whisky,_____ he drank immediately .
A.that B. as C. which D. who
3.She is very good at dance,____everybody knows.
A.that B.which C.who D.as

合并下列简单句
1. The man is a doctor. He lives opposite our house.

6
2. This is the house. He was born in it.

3. Do you know the man ? He is talking to your teacher.

4. This is the film star. His name is well known all over the world

5. Is this the letter? I have to type it right now.

6. He is the man. I gave the letter to him.

7. That is the very book. I am looking for it.

8. The story happened in 1840. The Opium War broke out that year.

9. Have you ever visited the house? Norman Bethune once lived in it.

10. This is the factory. It makes good quality machine.

11. That is the reason. He was ill for the reason last week.

12. He is the doctor. He operated on me.

13. He said nothing. It made me very angry.

14. She'll never forget the day. That day she joined the League.

15. The parents wouldn't let her marry anyone . His family was poor.

7
16. The news was surprising. He told us the news.

17. We haven't chosen a hotel. We will stay in it for the night.

18. May I borrow the book? You bought it yesterday.

19. That is the room. Its door needs painting.

20. He will visit the school in 2009. It was built in 1900.

Sentence translation
1 住寄宿学校的学生不需要每天在家和学校之间奔波
boarding school
Travel

2 来自低收入家庭的学生有同等上大学的机会。
Family with low income
have equal access to
tertiary education

3 接触不同文化能够促进创新，这是企业或者国家的财富。
Exposure to
promote/boost
creativity/innovation
enterprise/corporation 可数
an asset

8
4 父母把学生送到寄宿学校，在那里学生学习到如何照顾自己，这有助于培养独立性。
develop/foster/cultivate independence
Be beneficial/conducive to

5 政府应该优先重视教育，这是国家长期发展的支柱。
give priority to
the backbone for a nation’s long term development.

6 每年大部分时间都在出差的员工几乎没有足够的时间来照顾家人。
Spend time on business trip
hardly have enough time

7 缺乏体育锻炼和高热量食物的过度消费是越来越多的人患肥胖症的主要原因。
physical exercises
the over consumption of high-calorie food
a growing number of people
suffer from obesity.

8 小组讨论是一种常用的教学方法，教师希望通过该方法帮助学生学习如何有效合作。
a commonly adopted teaching method
by which

9 在现代社会，有更多可以分散学生对学习的注意力的东西，比如手机，电脑游戏，电视节目等。
9
distract students’ attention

10 大多数青少年热衷于许多社交活动，他们相信这些活动可以扩展社交圈并丰富经验。
be keen on numerous social activities
by which they believe
expand social circle and enrich experience.

11 互联网的普及确实给用户带来了很多便利;但是，人们也需要了解隐藏在虚拟世界中的那些危险的网络犯罪。
It is true that
the widespread of Internet
has brought much convenience to users;
be aware of those dangerous cyber crimes
hide in the virtual world.

10