Safety regulations for power plants S970
Your obligation to prevent damage, Valid as of 1 January 2023
Welcome to read the protection guide!
Your business has an obligation to prevent damage. In these safety regulations, we explain what your com-
pany must do and take into consideration to prevent damage to power plants.
Read the regulations carefully. If you do not comply with the regulations, we may reduce or deny your
insurance compensation.
These safety regulations are
part of your insurance contract
Your insurance contract consists of the policy
document, insurance terms and conditions, safety
regulations, and the general contract terms and Policy
conditions. document
The policy document lists your company’s
insurance policies and the terms and conditions
applicable to them. Insurance terms
and conditions
The insurance terms and conditions describe
the terms under which your property is insured.
The safety regulations describe your company’s Safety Regulations
obligations to prevent damage. This document
The general contract terms and conditions list
terms that apply to all insurance policies issued
by Pohjola Insurance. General contract termsand conditions
Tulkitsemme vakuutuskirjaa, vakuutusehtoja,
suojeluohjeita ja yleisiä sopimusehtoja kokonai-
suutena.
Power plants protection: Guideline S970 1 290007e 01.23
CONTENTS
1 Purpose of the safety regulations: prevention of damage to power plants ����������������������2
2 Requirements for the maintenance of power plants ����������������������������������������������������������������������3
3 Requirements for the operational safety of pwer plants ��������������������������������������������������������������4
4 Fuel requirements ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������4
5 Outages ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������4
6 Requirements for the prevention of fire damage ��������������������������������������������������������������4
7 ATEX - Explosive atmospheres ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������5
8 Steam boilers ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������5
9 Steam, gas and water turbines ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������6
10 Transmission ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������6
11 Generator ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������6
12 Transformers ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������7
13 Electrical equipment ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������7
14 Maintenance instructions ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������8
1 Purpose of the safety regulations: prevention of damage to power plants
The purpose of these safety regulations is to prevent property damage and business interruption losses to
power plants and reduce the costs of such damage. The safety regulations describe the general require-
ments for damage prevention at power plants.
Power plant refers to an assembly that includes
• a turbine
• other machinery and equipment generating heat and electricity, and
• a power plant building that uses steam, heated gases or flowing water to generate heat or electricity
Your business has an obligation to ensure that
the safety regulations are followed in all activities carried out by the policyholder or its equivalent
those responsible for performing the work are familiar with the contents of the safety regulations
you report all deviations detected in the machinery or equipment to us in writing
in the event of an elevated risk, you acknowledge the risk and agree on the related measures with us in
writing in advance
Power plants protection: Guideline S970 2 290007e 01.23
2 Requirements for the maintenance of power plants
Maintenance of power plants must be based on preventive maintenance. Follow the manufacturer’s
instructions for preventive maintenance.
Ensure that all maintenance work is performed by competent operating and maintenance personnel.
Ensure that maintenance and outages are carried out by personnel with the relevant professional quali-
fications
Preventive maintenance refers to activities that maintain the power plant’s functionalities and reduce risk of
damage.
Preventive maintenance includes:
• monitoring of conditions
• continuous monitoring of the condition of power plant systems, and
• periodic inspections, and
• periodic maintenance
The maintenance programme is a machine and device-specific set of instructions by the power plant’s
manufacturer on preventive maintenance, including condition monitoring, inspections, testing, servicing, and
operational monitoring.
The maintenance programme must include the following items:
• measures related to operational monitoring of the power plant
• measures related to periodic inspections
• and maintenance measures
Document all inspections, maintenance, tests and outages.
• Inspection refers to investigating the functional capacity of the power plant. Inspection also involves
testing to confirm that the power plant is operating as intended.
• Maintenance refers to periodic measures taken to maintain the functional capacity of the power plant,
as well as measures taken after the detection of an error to restore the plant to its original functional
capacity.
• Outage refers to periodic maintenance.
Ensure that the documentation is always available to us in the event of loss or damage or for risk mana-
gement meetings.
Notify us in writing if a deviation endangering the operational reliability of equipment or systems is de-
tected during inspections, testing or outages. Report the deviation to us in writing before continuing the
use of the equipment or system.
Notify us in writing if a machine or equipment does not conform to class A of the mechanical vibration
standard ISO 7919.
Obtain a written approval from the equipment manufacturer or us if you plan to use repair methods that
differ from those recommended by the manufacturer.
Power plants protection: Guideline S970 3 290007e 01.23
3 Requirements for the operational safety of power plants
Ensure that the power plant has an up-to-date rescue plan in place.
Train personnel on the rescue plan and safety instructions.
Ensure that the power plant is equipped with up-to-date safety instructions and signage.
Ensure that the safety instructions include detailed instructions for alerting emergency services, including
directions to the power plant.
Ensure that all persons at the power plant wear appropriate personal protective equipment.
Ensure that facilities at the power plant are kept in good order and clean to ensure safety at work and
prevent accidents.
4 Fuel requirements
Only use fuel approved by the boiler manufacturer.
Do not mix wood, plastic, mixed waste and oil-based fuels.
5 Outages
Perform the turbo generator outage according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
Follow the values listed in the maintenance reference table in section 14 of these safety regulations if the
manufacturer’s outage instructions are over 30 years old or unavailable.
6 Requirements for the prevention of fire damage
Due to fire safety reasons, smoking is prohibited in all areas of the power plant.
Inspect automatic fire extinguishing and detection systems monthly.
Document the monthly inspections.
Immediately repair any issues detected in the periodic inspections of fire detection and extinguishing
systems.
Inspect hand-held indoor fire extinguishers every two years.
Inspect hand-held fire extinguishers stored outdoors or in facilities vulnerable to vibration every year.
Ensure that flammable liquids and gases are stored in a separate ventilated and fire compartmented
space.
Use only CE-marked and type approved fire foams for sealing lead-throughs. Fire foams may only be
applied to lead-throughs by a certified firestop technician
Hot Work
Do not perform hot work unless necessary.
Follow the safety regulations for hot work, S621.
Perform all hot work according to the instructions for temporary hot work locations.
Power plants protection: Guideline S970 4 290007e 01.23
Conveyors and fuel feed systems
Ensure that conveyors used to transport flammable materials are equipped with automatic fire extin-
guishing systems.
Equip conveyors with fire alarms that stop the conveyor in the event of fire.
Equip separate conveyors with fire alarms that allow the conveyor to be stopped separately.
7 ATEX - Explosive atmospheres
What is an explosive atmosphere?
In an explosive atmosphere, flammable gas, fog, steam or dust can cause an explosive mixture of air with
normal-pressure air.
Explosive atmospheres are mainly found in connection with handling flammable liquids, gases and dust.
These handling situations happen in
• energy production,
• chemical, medical, food, and wood processing industries and
• usually in the preparation, processing or storage of flammable liquids or gases
ATEX – explosion protection document
The explosion protection document is based on
• danger assessments concerning the substances handled at the site and their properties,
• safety inspections and
• instructions on the handling and storage of chemicals, as well as fire safety
These obligations concern the employer and entrepreneurs as applicable:
Assess the danger of explosion and prepare an explosion protection document based on the assessment
if the work may include dangers caused by explosive mixtures of air.
ATEX - Electrical equipment for potentially explosive atmospheres
Ensure that the electrical equipment and protection systems used in the potentially explosive atmosphe-
re fulfil the health and safety requirements and the demands laid down in the ATEX directives.
More information on ATEX regulations and the conformity of equipment is provided by the Finnish Safety
and Chemicals Agency Tukes.
8 Steam boilers
Ensure that the steam boiler’s structures and systems conform to laws, regulations and standards.
Follow the manufacturer’s operating instructions.
Test the steam boiler’s safety systems according to the manufacturer’s or supervisory authority’s requi-
rements. The supervisory authority is the Finnish Safety and Chemicals Agency Tukes
Power plants protection: Guideline S970 5 290007e 01.23
9 Steam, gas and water turbines
Operation and monitoring
Ensure that steam and gas turbines are monitored at all times during operation.
Stop the turbine if the values deviate from the manufacturer’s permitted values.
Investigate the cause of the deviation.
Repair all malfunctions before attempting a restart.
Ensure that the turbine is equipped with safety systems approved by the manufacturer that issue an
alarm and initiate emergency shutdown if necessary.
Do not alter the turbine’s method of operation or nominal values without the manufacturer’s separate
written approval or instructions.
Always agree on changes to the method of operation or nominal values ahead of time and in writing with
both the equipment manufacturer and the insurance company.
Outages
Perform the turbine outage according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
Follow the values listed in the maintenance reference table in section 14 of these safety regulations if the
manufacturer’s outage instructions are over 30 years old or unavailable.
10 Transmission
Follow the transmission system connecting the turbine and generator if one exists.
Shut down the turbo generator if measured values deviate from the manufacturer’s permitted design
values.
Investigate the cause of the deviation.
Repair the transmission system before attempting a restart.
11 Generator
Monitor the generator at all times during operation.
Stop the generator if the values deviate from the manufacturer’s permitted values.
Investigate the cause of the deviation.
Repair all malfunctions before attempting a restart.
Ensure that the generator is equipped with safety systems approved by the manufacturer that issue an
alarm and initiate emergency shutdown if necessary.
Do not alter the generator’s method of operation or nominal values without the manufacturer’s separate
written approval or instructions.
Always agree on changes to the method of operation or nominal values ahead of time and in writing with
both the equipment manufacturer and the insurance company.
Power plants protection: Guideline S970 6 290007e 01.23
12 Transformers
Ensure that the transformer bay is fire compartmented if the transformers used are class F0.
Always fire compartment transformer bays that use medium-voltage switchgears.
Use dry-type transformers whenever possible
• Dry-type transformers have better fire safety and cause less environmental load compared
with oil-filled transformers as they do not use large amount of oil that increase fire load.
Dry-type transformers
Fire class Status
F0 Not self-extinguishing
F1 Self-extinguishing, does not sustain fire
F2 Withstands external fire up to a point
Fire compartmentation requirements of different transformer types
Type O1 transformer Type FO transformer or
medium-voltage switchgear
Location of the transformer Load-bearing Compartmented Load-bearing Compartmented
structures structures structures structures
Up to floor 2 R 120 EI 120 R 60 EI 60
Floors 3 to 8 or basement R 180 EI 120 R 120 EI 60
Above floor 8 or below basement level R 240 EI 120 R 120 EI 120
Oil filled transformers
Protect oil-filled transformers with suitable automatic fire extinguishing systems.
Equip the transformer bay with an oil tray.
13 Electrical equipment
Commission and perform statutory periodic inspections for electrical equipment on time.
This obligation applies to both the owner and holder of the electrical equipment.
Equipment category Equipment asset Inspection interval
Category 3 Electricity networks of network 5 years
companies
Category 2 equipment including parts with a 10 years
voltage higher than 1,000V
low-voltage equipment with a con-
nection power of over 1,600kVA
Category 1 Pääsulakkeiltaan yli 35A:n säh- 10 years
kölaitteistot (liike-, julkiset- ja
teollisuusrakennukset, maatalo-
usrakennukset, yleisten paikkojen
asennukset)
Power plants protection: Guideline S970 7 290007e 01.23
14 Maintenance instructions
Take into account the manufacturer’s maintenance instructions in estimating operating hours and,
if the manufacturer’s maintenance instructions are deviated from, request the insurance company’s
approval for the measure
Defitinions
• A turbine is a steam, gas or water powered, rotating device generating more than 1 MW of mechanical
power
• A generator is a device used to generate electricity with a power of more than 1 MVA
• A boiler is a device used to create superheated steam with a power of more than 1 MW
Take into account the manufacturer’s maintenance instructions in estimating operating hours and, if the
manufacturer’s maintenance instructions are deviated from, request the insurance company’s approval for
the measure.
If the manufacturer’s maintenance instructions on estimating operating hours are not available, follow the
reference below
• Perform service life estimates and maintenance as follows (equivalent operating hours
(EOH) = operating hours that take into account the number of start-ups).
Object of main- Operating hours or time period Maintenance measure
tenance
Superheaters If over 100,000 (EOH) Thickness and oxide coating measurements once a year
If superheaters used for over Assessment of remaining service life every 36 months
250,000 EOH
Boiler drum Internal NDT of the spray area once a year
If boiler drum used for over Assessment of remaining service life every 24 months
200,000 EOH
Turbines Minor maintenance (25,000 EOH) endoscopy imaging of blades, NDT of quick-closing valves, control valves and
bearings
Major maintenance (50,000 EOH) complete NDT of blades and rotating parts
Generators If the generator has been used Partially destructive testing during operation once a year (PD on-line)
for over 100,000 EOH
Minor maintenance (25,000 EOH) visual, endoscopy and electrical inspections, including direct current measu-
rement of insulation resistance and coiling, partially destructive measure-
ments (PD off-line) and inspections of the diode and magnetisation system.
Major maintenance (70,000 EOH) mechanical and electrical inspections of the stator and rotor, including ELCID
inspection of the stator core and inspection of wedges
Gearboxes Minor maintenance (25,000 EOH) NDT of bearings
Major maintenance (50,000 EOH) complete NDT of gearwheels and bearings
Oil analysis Oil analysis of the turbo generator every 24 months
Power plants protection: Guideline S970 8 290007e 01.23
By following these regulations, you will ensure occupational safety
and avoid unpleasant surprises in the event of an insurance claim.
Thank you for taking the time to read these safety regulations!
Pohjola Insurance Ltd, Business ID 1458359-3
Helsinki, Gebhardinaukio 1, 00013 OP, Finland
Domicile: Helsinki, main line of business: non-life insurance companies
Regulatory authority: Financial Supervisory Authority, finanssivalvonta.fi/en
