Ls olfonti Detect ot) % fre om exten Bit eit wk Sah. Add Asm oar A Cistth athe. Birasiy fmessage ). A_methed Wh poscity method wd 2 __RilMethod. Pmemben i _prewnt 4% RRL Tes pasts divide “my ara 22 a Z Even Parity 2 Ode faxity aes Tee dd “Teanemited Ware er 4 ——sNeadien message Merevan_ a Detect Pex omar _Pasei ys) - Ed lta the _exen psd aethed total number of ened i ithe. code. gee Cincluding the poseity bit) must Lon even Samba ativi ily fn “cthe edd pase —Methed - “Me “Tstal nunbest ils Beall th TP es ate te eaeSs /Measege, Exenfaxlty code | Odd Fasdty cede sont aye P =p P 9.00 1} Babe 04, noo ee oo1 _ Po) eae ot O10 foal eat. aon re Olt [ge et tio ge f Oy to. If. ht [st te Osea és st ost |_| ie a _ Check stu Method i at. Detect Rawr _sepEat_S 1 BE a 5 _ foe faba Sa 2 set loud ese forever nd cade ie (at fnfosnatien WY paskly % so —Franodtt “fat! Mat 2 as asaine wnarmen Ho steceiven UL check 1511 ray | Se Tooncinted testd 3 even number of 21 fn -cthe_case_of odd _pascity_ and_odd rumben of ones meceive dite aa receiver | _“Peansriite 1 Reput ee = LAE abyactem erly asfiagie bbit-_esoron _*AL_easily detec eX_ ata pe ee soe ad wreRTSl @ goad & sreesm 1 “alt inputs at channel a a channel Detect ot % Reo checksum method %F use Fn 1 Encoder LE [channel [> Deliver Usex NnForamaction 03 28 qi hecd wvigeers te RewLea ey Be det us __Constidesr_a__ ward _tolotolo and. we. Uoish te oletect an ertion by even pase 7 -#ss_we_have add © bit “as pasty bit te make as number of ened tun” this Bits asx —alsteady even —=thets again ef One's tu _cthe _woxda+ which create Confuali ard makes a dliggt \ oletect this _seasien «we -stheutd anes odd 4290 aad LaresolsA __1ototot — wosds B t+oo0 1onol to @ott eeBae Code. Hamibing Code 2— oe code plsng veay say denste sat oar eer les fi celts ie —— bp Pei te 2 als > Data £it [oll ik to be ctroromited Conckeuct the — 7 i aoe bit hamming code fan this. ~ i. 26,05, Py, Ds, Pa Pa a 40 tf asarugei Combination et te roake even sere 45 642M, 4,04 Chy= 0 rere even pase: x80 that ak 7 bit hamwiigg code ic Iotolol_ dng. qe Pecaad ahadgern She As ae) Data bit is dp be tsansmited Consdbatet the even pasity aéeven bit nang code. oe this data. — eee ae Ds Ds, Dss Pa, DS, PasP, AE, Pu, 0, Ph |Contact omake_even fe 455 3,5, toi Sespepr 6 _CRet.add- afi eve) | BS, 6, FP popOet (hgi add 1° gon even andy) 45, 64> Pao, 0,1 (P24 add td fan even ee Ss Bobi tg = | » Data bit L011 is tp be ctransmited constwuction the, Odd _poxity deven bit famseting. cea ee data: Dy, Dee, Eig Tis, Ps Pp nine md BL ots Post, Poa.,” Py 4,5,5,3 2 P3412 CPen: addin afae edd pow! ) 2,3, 6.4% %,1,0,1 (Pst add ee del Fateh 4.5, 6-4 » Py,t,0,4 (Pet caddis: —pftoredd parity) bowing code 9 03114-04 dstNewS a.4 Data bit itt is te be ctsansmited Constuctie Di, De, Ds, Ph, Tp, 4g dP hl a - 13,59 2 Pist, 4,4 (Fe —add_ofax_odd p. 3; 6, td Prd 1,4 (PEO add 0. Pex Odd“ pas: 14,5, 6, #2 Pat, 1,4 UR 0 odd -@ fox Add “pas ae Harmniing Code? 4410400 Ars. 5: [Bran bie Jog) oe — | E uamsiy cole 9 06 Oy A ORG c Fal o— 5h, tf AA -——- = We oh Sp op ee By Os te Pe Se 12,56, 4% > Pa, 1,0,| (=o) 4,5, 6,% => Py» 60,0 — (Pye) tpoittoo > + bit Hannay cade fest daaventesenAr shexen bit Howming cade Cousin cut of -tsansmitsctan| atine_?# 1000010 10a eth code _chranemtted even_pastity |tooooto it. Harending: notation — DF _0¢ 5 Py By Pa Py : Nah By 28001 nat jedi xet) 2 [25,6 % > 10.01 — CBotisxied yao) 4S65= = O00) ( Not sfatistied 2= ye ae ye i T ple Ot thesis asso bie sj isan _emen. edt boierted Syste Sates Vote tesa Receivel cade sand

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DT: HardyWieecadx, folyromial codes A} sat orard ae omial codes bit ing fel z aon value_ =r cea we aE bit acct fs z place of Data. ot ‘ving nodes “K atending node. 8 daca st “1 adendex GRY Receiver v+1 ie "pe wil mepuive “tat the most abipnipicoust (lebt most) —bit_of- Gr tp _be 1 oe at ee |D: Doin bitte be stent 2: cRe bits Bit _Pacttertn _ : seat 5 tonnes L 0.25 op R_mnathemactical fasmula fat a_given piece of itn 2 sdeudex Silo w dation “R__feA__stesutt be pi bits _ 5 Fe Pears he TS ae 8[onkoreadealy nc adtenin (uckesipreate 0s bivary ruokex) a a BATS Saar tx anodule = 2_cilonetle."3o ART Exectly — clivist tle say or Sep Eire parcceas cee Ay esc. x help. wed 2 seth yore _siecel vex 61. “Op sete ltt eet civide. wal 2). aft svemolden non 0 Sat stecatven ____Khoayans entsias hou occusied othenroise tata i's ‘ adubstection ase idevticat- BitwlseExclusive-on (X08) % operands % cpuates fi : : Voit KOR O1ol eS A1to _-lop| xoR 110} = oloo we. afin’ tosily have: | AollL —otol = 110 fool — [10l._= dlo0 = Tilitapin BR division 3 ft sdimitor os Slaten fas tar 21 fecept cthost any repaired addition oi< eSubixaction fs done “oirthout cosy FC _ho sete é ed suede) & ect & oratorE = —— ple —oeue a - ae —. te if 0 a oboe Tepolegi a lieeced pe ine a fe hdeaeeggy nfivd of _ Dikkerent Ty Type nee. 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Lolimensien tess perameteas a 25 foson A define fou surat S| zs a] i | Se ine Poiepemetier: Selay ee cer . Packet toansmission time. asletted Neon -peri CSMA Method % PS thou, put= —s samen _ ang : 1-2402: 4 Pesbstenk CSMA t= 1- peraiastent csmA “foctncel Set Cenditien adr owsid_aget 35 BE eas eat fiat BSL outnsion ait sex Sy channel “idle 2b At sf bsansmissiom 2p ¥f coat: sal Usd 2 1 =spewlstent wt emp Sek Set_vteaaien 2 eal amit 25 Ger chanmel lousy fay at abot Jicbsansmice ae choc =r L Seie_2esa powbability 2 pack “WBl_osends_ meat 3) = = wom Qt ar HR sll abtasien sbranswit % Be walt sx 2 at A _collisien: Sat conform ZS ci busy peded Ending "Keach wSinctien immediast bsonsmsit - stan eet cotolition 3 each adtutioh ime Bt 205 __Sandemfaneunt Ae Walt spear 2) Bic Aipx_cronsmit % Be ote attempt aa xa H5_channel free / Tle mR ech odtetion 2 Sey say adtotion TX yea er at A zie anal wx“; channel ofsee 2, packet trang Ob OQ nesuit eo\isien sail a BA delay Bime tengert aal GeWir SaRT effect ae decrease. ge _penfoxmance c SEIT | i Pewee a wigan a ae Bia areSe wthstouphput of d- porwistance. s= be AF BA) FA + Gt aon A+ G+ aGV2) J GG U+20)— OS) + (1 +a) ee Ata) IB powistance conn : = Callison Suctes mize. mize aXe and cAhooughput Azer tance. esma 2btind oY billed Px se ae 1 as csmA col wor tt eral Cage A ee chanvel apply Asay corral & SF peegncss awa ae est fe Mate ear Bend ae ae Channel Ddte & aoe TB Sense ity p % ee ransmait 5x sia d g=i-p % ary 5 eee om Sana pexpssaction cb PP): ae depots os Sr Be ee ss ay = eboa bill X ee a _olf » tral ms alt 8 Beni? SG | packet cbransnitt aT spi busy | eeay per] : fe channel dus a eS A sain 2 et behave. mah bay A zp gear 2 safe Ae _Stqndem ne a rt sweat & Fie Pose teansmission attempt again sktnect 52H zr se everorah 1 er aneTn Case. the. channel axigivaly Wad. adende a 0 busy aStation next ay ookt azar aud presiding 7a a ee eat] “CSMA With Collision cletection Ccsma /cd) — Collision_dletection % ART coma. Technipne % sneaq_S coma Br pextfosanance tal Improve arar =| dan Rodem osm 2 Access se amer at-csmf Sed. Method. >eXox _coxpero-tien & Se itenhet wane_aet aaystem % fe abubosepucn ee al epuipment cosperotions ‘wel, exo dedalh Aerosp |Site csmp/cd _ protocol coma_3-Collisien_clate ction 3 e% addition skiwillexr ear 2} wer a Bend iod station _occun Eid ater fat _collisio abr _edense. mxay 2 dt qe evditely Hreger packet opr _teansmissien 25 eat 2) BE SPH acttasti Sa Suxanmetion z5x Saming atignal. Nati Ay aT 2) seri csma % Leiniffer 2) Nan per sisterct , 1- peseristerct, p- persistent - metedleyy vasdation exist 2") z Be Pea nitrate Rew one taed esa & yeerh & mee)(Ditfexent Mechauicum _CSMA\ cd. fprotocel sr Smpoctaut AIS 100% She _csma\ eal MAC Adubtoyer © tragic 1 physi Ted at checy amt zante mer ee transmet Ra Os Be Hae tan eat oli machauism = bebhavioun se Ae IX Fast aay 2 4 Alay protocol vosdation ysed Bia San \4 Dn_paschicutan If the channet is idle thane Lop cthe’ followivg action -inke place >| None persistance csma\cd use oat BT za 2 a pocket transmit He “Van_crrest | DP = peniistance. csmaled Ye fie packet — pwobdil __an| pappojaction delay 8 get cletede ext gS “bend Boa) — GST | ep % IgG _csmal cd probability 1-p# 2f channel is busy tn ieee Dipacket Sh back ofl Sie Nea pemaletance cad fe Prlgodtinn repeated ff creat |, — 2) Abection -brangwicsion Sk channel % Tale Her | aes. Zhai and _“Boc_ynmedtiatly 4 pe tent “Case sbransmit L > | ie Picea aga See Reo fr