A.C.

K DIOCESE OF MUMIAS JOINT EVALUATION

2024

311/2
HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT
MARKING SCHEME
JULY 2024

TIME: 2HOURS 30 MINS

A.C.K MUMIAS DIOCESE JOINT EVALUATION
TEST 2024

KENYA CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY

EDUCATION (K.C.S.E)
INSTRUCTIONS
i) This paper consists of three sections A, B and C
ii) Answer ALL questions in SECTION A, THREE questions in
SECTION B and TWO questions in SECTION C

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 SECTION A 25MKS (ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS)

1. Define the term Pre-History (1mk)

Is the study of the past human activities before the invention of writing
/study of unrecorded past human activities.
(1x1=1mk)
2. Give Two sources of information on History and Government.
(2mks)
i) Archaeology
ii) Written records
iii) Oral traditions
iv) Linguistics
v) Anthropology
vi) Electronic sources
vii) Genetics
(2x1=2mks)
3. Identify Two factors that favoured the development of crop growing
in Egypt. (2mks)
i) Indigenous grains
ii) Fertile soils
iii) Stable government
iv) Reliable water sources e.g Nile for irrigation.
(2x1=2mks)
4. State one limitation of Barter trade during the Trans-Saharan
Trade. (1mk)
i) Some goods were perishable
ii) Lack of double coincidence
iii) Some goods were bulky
iv) Some goods could not be divided e.g goats
v) Communication barrier.
(1x1=1mk)
5. Identify one way in which invention of the wheel promoted early
Transport. (1mk)
i) It enhanced Transportation of people /goods
ii) It promoted Trade through efficiency of transportation of goods
and traders.
iii) It facilitated the construction of roads.
(1x1=1mk)
6. State Two government policies that have contributed to
industrialization in India. (2mks)
i) Restriction on imported goods

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 ii) Promotion of Technical and scientific education
iii) Development of heavy industries by the state
iv) Emphasis on industrialisation in the five year development plan
v) Encouragement of foreign investment in the county.
(2x2=2mks)
7. Identify Two features of Early Greek city States (2mks)
i) Every city had a palace.
ii) They were population concentration areas
iii) Each town had many Temples
iv) They were politically independent of each other
v) Each city had residential houses
vi) They had a common religion
vii) Each had an open air market.
(2x2=2mks)
8. Give Two functions of the Lukiko of Buganda Kingdom during the
Pre-colonial period. (2mks)
i) The Lukiko advised the Kabaka.
ii) It acted as a court of appeal
iii) Acted as a final court of appeal
iv) It directed the collection of taxes.
v) It represented the interests of the people.
(2x1=2mks)
9. Highlight Two types of Indirect Democracy. (2mks)
i) Parliamentary/ Representative
ii) Presidential
iii) Local authority
(2x1=2mks)
10. Name the Empire ruled by Samouri Toure during the European
invasion of Africa. (1mk)
i) The Mandinka Empire
(1x1=1mk)
11. Give one economic problem experienced by the British in Nigeria.
(1mk)
i) Lack of adequate funds
ii) Poor transport and communication undermined their work
iii) They lacked adequate skilled labour.
(1x1=1mk)
12. Name Two systems of colonial administration which were used by
the British to administrator their colonies in Africa
(2mks)
i) Indirect Rule
ii) Direct Rule.
(2x1=2mks)

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 13. State the main reason why Nationalism Development in Ghana
during the colonial rule. (1mk)
i) Against loss of independence.
(1x1=1mk)
14. Name the person who initiated the formation of the Tripple Alliance
in 1882. (1mk)
i) Otto Von Bismark
(1x1=1mk)
15. Name the body that was formed after the Second World War to
promote World Peace. (1mk)
i) The United Nations organization/The United Nations
1x1)
16. Give the main reason for the formation of the Economic
Community of West Africa States. (ECOWAS) (1mk)
i) To promote Economic integration/development among member
states.
(1x1=1mk)
17. Name Two houses of the British parliament. (2mks)
i) House of Lords
ii) House of Commons
(2x2=2mks)

SECTION B (45MKS) (Answer any THREE Questions in this section)

18. a) Give five uses of Stone tools by the early man. (5mks)
i) Grinding seeds/grains
ii) Scrapping animal skins
iii) Digging roots
iv) Defence/protection/security
v) Skinning animals
vi) Sharpening weapons
vii) Cutting meat/vegetables/roots
viii) Hunting/killing animals.
(5x1=5mks)
b) Explain five reasons why Africa is regarded as the original
homeland of mankind. (10mks)
i) The availability of forests provided possible
shelter/habitat/settlement for the early man
ii) Africa is centrally located and it’s from here that man may have
migrated to other parts of the world
iii) Compared to other continents, the oldest fossils of man were
discovered in Africa.

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 iv) The Savannah grasslands available in the continent provided
suitable hunting grounds for the early man
v) Africa has many rivers/lakes which provided water for use by the
early man.
vi) African continent has relatively good climate which may have
favoured human settlement.
vii) Presence of many historical sites in Africa.
(5x2=10mks)
19. a) Identify Five European Powers which colonised Africa.
(5mks)
i) Belgium
ii) France
iii) Portugal
iv) Italy
v) Holland/Netherland
vi) Spain
vii) Germany
viii) Britain/Great Britain/United kingdom
(5x1=5mks)
b) Explain Five results of the Mandinka resistance against the
French invasion in the 19th Century. (10mks)
i) Many people lost their lives due to conflicts /war between them
and the French soldiers
ii) Property like houses, food stores and livestock were destroyed
due to the use of scorthed earth policy by the Mandinka Warriors.
iii) It sowed the seed of Nationalism among the Africans who later
organised armed resistances.
iv) The Mandinka people experienced starvation/famine as farming
activities were neglected.
v) Their leader Samouri Touri was captured and deported to Gabon
where he died in 1900.
vi) The Mandinka people were forced to flee/displaced from their
areas thereby becoming refugees in neighbouring states/kingdom
vii) The Mandinka lost their control over all their trading/economic
activities/such as gold mines.
viii) The war created suffering/Misery among the people leading to a
state of despair.
ix) Disruption of the traditional institutions e.g chiefdoms were made
in effective in discharging their duties.
(5x2=10mks)

20. a) State Five functions of the Ancient city of Athens. (5mks)

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 i) It was an educational centre
ii) It was a religious centre
iii) It was a cultural centre
iv) It was an administrative centre
v) It was a recreational centre/provided entertainment
vi) It was a centre of trade.
vii) It was a transport and communication centre
(5x1=5mks)
b) Describe five challenges experienced in the city of Johannesburg.
(10mks)
i) There exists a huge gap between the wealthy European and the poor
Africans
ii) High unemployment rate among the people which has led to high
population in the town.
iii) High rate of infection of HIV/AIDS pandemic has increased the cost
of treatment/loss of lives.
iv) There is air/land/water pollution caused by emissions of poisonous
gases from industries.
v) There is inadequate housing which has led to the development of
slums/shanties
vi) There is discrimination where Africans are mistreated/despised in
work/mines.
vii) It experiences industrial unrests/strikes by the industrial workers.
viii) Traffic jams are rampant due to many vehicles on the roads.
ix) High rate of crime rate leading to insecurity.
x) There are inadequate social amenities e.g schools and hospitals.
xi) Congestions in towns due to rural to Urban Migrations.
(5x2=10mks)
21. a) Outline five economic activities of the Asante during the 19th
Century. (5mks)
i) They grew crops for food/trade
ii) They carried out trade among themselves
iii) They were involved in mining
iv) They practised Art and craft/Basketry/Weaving
v) They practised iron working/Blacksmithing
vi) They did hunting and gathering
vii) They practised pottery making
(5x1=5mks)
b) Describe the social organisation of Buganda Kingdom.
(10mks)
i) They were organised into clans which had their own traditions
ii) They worshipped many gods with Katonda as their Supreme
God/Polytheism.

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 iii) The Kabaka was considered as Semi-divine
iv) The people believed in life after death
v) The umbilical cord of the Kabaka was preserved for future
remembrance
vi) The people performed sacrifices during the time of misfortune.
vii) They had Religious shrines which were scattered all over the
kingdom.
viii) They were polygamous/married many wives in order to
strengthen social relations
ix) They had symbols of royalty in form of Royal
drums/spears/crowns which were kept at the Kabaka’s palace.
(5x2=10mks)

SECTION C (30MKS) (Answer any Two questions in this section)

22. a) State three external factors which speeded up the growth of
African Nationalism during the struggle for independence.
(3mks)
i) The rise of communism in Russia condemned
communism/Liberation movement
ii) The interaction/experience gained by ex-servicemen during
the world war.
iii) The United Nations advocated for political independence
iv) The granting of independence to India/Pakistan
v) The influence of pan-African movement.
vi) The labour party government in Britain was against
colonialism
(3x1=3mks)
b) Explain six challenges which were faced by Nationalists in South
Africa during the apartheid rule (12mks)
i) They were harassed/detained /jailed by security agents which
demoralised them.
ii) Political parties were banned thereby denying them the right to
association /assemble.
iii) They were forced into exile as they feared to be prosecuted.
iv) The pass laws introduced by the apartheid regime/government
curtailed their movement.
v) The regime proscribed /censored publications which denied them
the rights /access to information
vi) Their communities were divided along ethnic lines/creation of
Bantu stans and hampered the formation of a united front.
vii) Inadequate funds made it difficult for them to undertake their
activities effectively.
viii) The Nationalists were not united, creating division among them

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 (6x2=12mks)

23. a) Name three Permanent Members of the United Nations

organisation. (3mks)
i) France
ii) Britain/United Kingdom
iii) Russia /USSR/Soviet Union
iv) United States of America. (USA)
v) China
(3x1=3mks)
b) Explain six ways in which the United Nations provides
humanitarian assistance. (12mks)
i) It assists refugees /displaced persons with clothes so as to
preserve human dignity.
ii) It provides relief food in drought-stricken areas in order to avert
loss of lives.
iii) It assists in resettling displaced persons by negotiating for their
resettlement in safe areas.
iv) It provides medical supplies to the victims of war/other
calamities so as to restore human health.
v) It provides Education to vulnerable groups so as to promote
literacy.
vi) It assists in evacuating people affected by floods to safer grounds
to avert suffering.
vii) It protects refugees by ensuring their respect/observance of basic
human rights.
viii) It provides shelter to the deserving cases by building houses
/giving materials for construction.
(6x2=12mks)
24. a) State three requirements one has to fulfil in order to contest as a
presidential candidate in the United States of America (USA)
(3mks)
i) Be atleast 35 years old.
ii) Be an American citizen by birth.
iii) Must have been a resident of the country for 14 years
iv) Should not have been the president for the two four year terms
v) Must be morally upright.
vi) Unless one is an independent candidate, he/she must be
nominated by a political party.
(3x1=3mks)

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 b) Explain six functions of the United States Congress. (12mks)
i) Acts as a check on the executive arm of the government by
examining administrative work.
ii) It approves taxation measures and makes sure that the
government expenditure is properly used and accounted for
iii) Making laws
iv) Amends laws
v) Senate approves treaties with foreign countries.
vi) It can appoint a commission of inquiry to investigate any problem
vii) Senior Civil Servants are appointed by the president with
approval of the senate.
viii) Congress closely monitors the conduct of the president, vice
president and other senior public officials
ix) Congress is a representative body elected by the people and it
reflects the aspiration and interests of the American people.
x) It establishes, maintains and controls the United States armed
forces
xi) It admits new members to the USA Union.
(6x2=12mks)

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