ELEMENTS OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Date: ……………
Practical No.2: Make simple pipe layouts using pipes and pipe fittings as per given
drawing.

A. Objective: To study about various pipe fitting tools and prepare a pipe layout as
per the drawing assigned.
B. Expected Program Outcomes (POs)
Basic and Discipline specific knowledge: Apply knowledge of basic mathematics,
science and engineering fundamentals and engineering specialization to solve the
engineering problems.
Engineering Tools, Experimentation and Testing: modern engineering tools and
appropriate technique to conduct standard tests and measurements.

C. Expected Skills to be developed based on competency

This practical is expected to develop the following skills for the industry-identified
competency: “Apply basic principles of mechanical engineering in various
engineering applications.”
1. Identify various pipe fittings tools.
2. Use pipe fitting tools to prepare pipe layout.
D. Expected Course Outcomes(Cos)

 Use relevant mechanical, Power and Hand tools in real life applications.
E. Practical Outcome(Pro)

 Use different hand, power tools and pipe fitting tools for the given
application.
 Make simple pipe layouts using pipes and pipe fittings as per given
drawing.
F. Expected Affective domain Outcome(ADos)

 Follow safety practices.

 Maintain tools and equipment.
G. Prerequisite Theory
Some commonly used Pipe fitting tools are,
1. Pipe Wrench: It is used for Holding and gripping pipes. Assembling and
dismantling of pipes and fittings. The pipe wrench is designed as a heavy
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duty tool to withstand rough handling and heavy work. The jaws give and
immediate and positive grip. Pipe wrenches are selected according to the
pipe size. While using this pipe wrench, the jaws must be placed over the
work piece to their full depth and tightened by means of the adjusting nut

Figure 2.1 Pipe Wrench

2. Pipe Cutter: A tool or machine for cutting pipe specifically a hand tool
comprising a grasping device and three sharp-edged wheels forced inward
by screw pressure that cut into the pipe as the tool is rotated.

Figure 2.2 Pipe Cutter

3. Pipe Vice: A pipe vice is a plumbing tool used to hold pipe or tubing securely
so that it can be cut or threaded. Pipe vices are also useful for pipe welding.
In a manufacturing environment, a pipe vice is a critical piece of apparatus
in the assembly of pipeline components.

Figure 2.3 Pipe Vice

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4. Pipe Bending Machine: A pipe bender is a tool used to bend piping of

different materials, such as copper and stainless steel, to form various angles
and curves. There are four main categories of pipe benders: manual,
hydraulic, electric and mechanical.

Figure 2.4 Pipe Bending Machine

Standard Pipe Fittings:

Pipe fittings’ are those fittings that may be attached to pipes in order to:
 Change the direction of the pipe
 Connect two or more pipes of different sizes
 Connect a branch with a main water supply pipe
 Close the pipe ends.

1. Elbows: Elbows and bends provide deviations of 90° and 45° in pipe work
systems.

Figure 2.5 90° and 45°elbow

2. Tee Joints: A tee joint helps the pipe line to branch off at 90°. The branches
may be equal in diameter or there may be one reducing branch. Reducers
are fitted where a change in pipe diameter is required.
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Figure 2.6 Tee Joints

3. Cross: Cross is also known as four-way pipe fitting. A cross has one inlet and
three outlets (or vice versa).

Figure 2.7 Cross

4. Union: A device used to connect pipes. Unions are inserted in a pipe-line to

permit connections with little change to the position of the pipe. When
unions are used in pipe lines, it is easy to dismantle and repair.

Figure 2.8 Union

5. Coupling: A coupling is used to connect two pipes. Couplings have internal

threads at both ends to fit the external threads on pipes

Figure 2.9 Coupling

6. Plug: A plug is used for closing a pipeline which has an internal thread.

Figure 2.10 plug

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Dead end, Reducer, Pipe Nipples are some of the other important Pipe
Fittings joints.
H. Experimental set up
Teacher shall arrange all tools and equipment open for observation. Demonstrate
operation of all standard pipe and pipe fitting tools with safety precautions to be
taken during use. The students shall be given the opportunity to handle the tools.
In the Next step Teacher should come with a variety of similar standard pipe fitting
joints grouped together. Students have to identify them by name and have to
explain its purpose.
Teacher has to assign drawing of pipe fitting structure to students. Students have to
build the entire pipe structure by using different piping tools and pipe fitting joints.
Example:

Figure 2.11 Sample Pipe Fitting Structure

(Note: Above structure is just a sample drawing, faculty can assign different
structure also)
I. Resources/Equipment Required
Instrument/Equipmen
t
Sr.No. Specification Quantity
/Components/Trainer
kit
Different Types of spanners (Wrench), Enough for
1. Basic Hand Tools Pliers, Screw drives, Chisel, Hand each
hacksaw, Hammers, files Etc. student to
Pipe and standard Pipe Pipe wrench, pipe vice, hacksaw, Tee, handle and
2. Elbow, cross, union, plug, nipples, operate
Fitting tools
Reducer Etc. separately.
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J. Safety and Necessary Precautions followed

Remember that “Accidents do not occur, they are caused”. With this in mind, strictly
follow the general safety rules given below and safe practices indicated in brief
under each section.

General Safety Precautions while working in Workshop,

1. Safety first, works next.

2. Avoid wearing clothing that might catch, moving or rotating parts. Long sleeves
of shirts, long hair, neck tie and Jewellery are definite hazards in the shop.
3. Wear safety shoes. Do not wear canvas shoes; they give no resistance to hard
objects dropped on the feet.
4. Keep the area around the machine or work clean.
5. Keep away from revolving work.
6. Be sure that all guards are in place.
7. Wear safety goggles when working in areas, where sparks or chips of metal are
flying.
8. Never
(a) Operate a machine unless you are authorized to do so.
(b) Start a machine unless you know how to stop it.
(c) Walk away and leave a machine running.
(d) Distract or interfere with any one, operating a machine.
9. Get to know who in-charge of first-aid is and where boxes are placed and
where the first aid can be found in case of emergency.

Precautions while using Pipe and Pipe Fitting Tools

1. Select proper Pipe and Pipe Fitting tools according to job requirement.
2. Pipe Fitting tools must be used only in the manner and for the work for which
they are designed.
3. Students must not intentionally subject a Pipe Fitting tools to conditions
beyond its designed capacity.
4. Student must not defeat or bypass any safety device
5. Inspect tools and equipment prior to use. Defective or unsafe tools or
equipment must be repaired at once or taken out of service.
6. Store tools properly so they are kept in good working condition and can be
accessed easily.
7. Tools must not be place on moving machinery
8. Students must not step or jump on wrenches to apply additional force.
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K. Procedure to be followed

1. Identify the given tool and equipment’s.

2. Study the given drawing carefully.
3. Categorize the tools and equipment’s according to given work.
4. Mark and Measure the given Pipe as per the drawings.
5. Cut the pipe to the required length.
6. Fit the pipes with suitable fittings by using proper tools and equipment’s as per
the drawing.
7. Refer the service manuals wherever required.
8. Follow the safety precautions to be taken while handling given tools and
equipment’s.
9. Submit the work for inspection.

L. Observations and Calculations

Brief Description of Work Assigned

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Name of Precautions Taken

Sr.
tool/Equipment Specification Use of Tool while using
No
Used tool/equipment.
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Paste the Photograph of your Final/Finished Product

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M. Interpretation of Results
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N. Conclusion
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O. Practical related Quiz.

1. Write the name of and specification of different manufacturer of Pipe Bending
Machine.
2. Collect different pipe fitting joint from scrap and submit with the experiment.
3. Write the use of all standard pipe fitting.

SPACE TO WRITE ANSWERS

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(Note: Student can add multiple copies of this answer sheet as per requirement.
ELEMENTS OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

P. References / Suggestions:
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mP7zbTGV_rI (Pipe Fitting)
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b16XNDefwms (Plumbing Tools)
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XMjnk36Ktfg (Plumbing Tools)

The students are advised to search and write minimum one reference relevant to
this experiment below,
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ELEMENTS OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Q. Assessment-Rubrics

Student Name:
Enrollment No.
Practical No. 2
Make simple Pipe layout using Pipes and Pipe Fittings as per given
Title of Practical
drawing.

Assessment Level
Performance (Marks)
Indicator No Very
Poor Fair Good Excellent
(Weightage In %) attempt Good
(1) (2) (3) (5)
(0) (4)
Identification of
tools/Equipment’s
(20%)
Selections and use
of proper
tools/equipment’s
(30%)
Timely completion
of manual.
(20%)
Final Product
Interpretation of
result and
conclusions.
(20%)
Practical Related
Questions.
(10%)
Total (Out of 25 Marks) =......................
Note:

1. First Three are Process Related Criteria and next two are Product related criteria.

Date and Sign of

Marks Obtained
Faculty
Total Marks Obtained Marks

25