GROUP 4

FRENCH INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM

Sdece de Documentation Exterieure et Deer ContreEspionage (SDECE-Foreign
intelligence and counterintelligence service) – under the Prime Minister; concerned on
strategy and counterintelligence General Charles de Gaulle –set up
the Bureau Central de Renseignments et d’Action (Central Office for Intelligence and Action) in
London in 1940. It is an expansion of the Service de Reassignments (Intelligence Service) which
is a part of the Old Renzieme Bureau (Second Bureau) of the French General Staff.
SDECE – concerned on Strategic and Counterintelligence
Surete Nationale – part of Police Intelligence (French Intelligence Service)

GERMAN INTELLIGENCE
East Germany
RED GESTAPO security service organized by East Germany to combat the covert activities of
the West Germany when it was still divided by the Iron Curtain
STASI – Ministry for State Security

WEST GERMANY
BND – Bundes Nachriten Dienst (Federal Intelligence Service)
INTELLIGENCE DEFINED
A. Webster defines intelligence as:
Intelligence is the capacity for understanding and for others forms of adaptive intellect of
behavior; the mind in operation.
Knowledge of an event, circumstances, etc, received of imparted; the gathering or distribution of
information; the staff of persons engaged in obtaining such information.
B. Psychology
Intelligence is the capacity of a person to adjust to new situations through the use of what has
been previously learned.
C. Government Commission Task Force
It means the collection, processing, collection, interpretation, evaluation and dissemination of
information, with references to national security.
In certain context, it may also mean the network or the system for the collection, collation,
interpretation, evaluation, processing and dissemination of information. The term as used here
does not include any police powers or authorities, any investigative function other than involve in
the collection of information or any function involved in the enforcement of laws, orders, or
regulation.
D. Dictionary of Military terms
Intelligence is the end product resulting from the collection, evaluation, analysis , integration and
interpretation of all available information which may have immediate or potential significance to
the development and execution of plans, policies and programs of the users.
Objectives of Intelligence
The fundamental objective of intelligence is to rational and timely decision-making.

Functions of Intelligence in General

Today all countries have their intelligence services. The may be different in their organization,
efficiency and method but they all have basic functions:
1.The collection or procurement of information.
2. The evaluation of the information which the become Intelligence.
3. The dissemination of intelligence to those who need it.
4. Counter intelligence – Its is known as negative Intelligence. It is an activity
dedicated to the concealment and protection of one’s own information from the
adversary intelligence operation. It is a defensive function of intelligence.

Other Functions of Intelligence

1. To procure and obtain political, economical, psychological, sociological, military and other
information, which may bear upon, national interest and which had been collected by the
different governmental department and agencies.
2. To serve all branches of the government.
3. To collect, when necessary, supplement information whether at its own instance or at the
request of any governmental agency and official from other various sources.
4. To integrate, analyze process and disseminate to authorized governmental agencies and
officials in the form of report strategic interpretative studies.

Principles of Intelligence
General – “Principles” are fundamental guides to action, broad statements of truth from which
others are derived.

Criteria
Universality of application—it should to as many phases and aspects of intelligence as possible. It
should guide not only the production of intelligence but also the concomitant activities essential
to the process as well as the organization and the thought and actions of the individual
composing it. It must be broad – truly
a general rule. It should form the basis for a formulation of corollary and subsidiary guides. It
must be important and essential to intelligence. If a guide is truly important and essential, then
its violations should bring its own immediate penalties.
They must not be mutually exclusive; instead each should complement each other.

Doctrine
There exists an essential unity between knowledge and action; that knowledge enhances the
effectiveness of action – and minimizes the chances of error.
The Principles
Objectivity – In Intelligence, only the well guided succeeds. It is a basic intelligence concept
that there is unity between knowledge and action. It follows therefore that intelligence should
interact and condition the decision. Intelligence must be adapted to the needs of the decision; it
is both giver and taker . Action or Decision is planned by knowledge and guided by it at every
step.
Interdependence Intelligence is artificially subdivided into component elements to insure
complete coverage, eliminate duplication and to reduce the overall task or manageable sizes.
Nevertheless, each subdivision remains as essential part of unity; contributes proportionately to
the end result; possesses a precise interrelationship; and interacts with each other so as to
achieve a balanced and harmonious whole. (No one man can fulfill but no
domination, and spirit of working together.)
Continuity – Intelligence must be continuous. It is necessary that coverage be continuous so
that the shape of what happens today could be studied in the light of what was happened before,
which in turn would enable us to predict the shape of things to come.
Communication – Intelligence adequate to their needs must be communicated to all the
decision makers in manner that they will understand and form that will permit its most effective
use.
Usefulness – Intelligence is useless if it remains in the minds, or in the files of its collector or its
producers. The story must be told and it must be told well. The story must be convincing and to
be convincing it must not only be plausible or factual but significance must be shown.
Selection – Intelligence should be essential and pertinent the purpose at hand. Intelligence
involves the plowing through a maze of information, the considering and innumerable number
means or of picking the most promising of a multitude of leads. The requirement of decision-
making covers very nearly the entire span of human knowledge. Unless there is selection of only
the most essential and the pertinent, intelligence will go off in all directions in one monumental
waste of effort.