Principles of weft insertion systems of Different Shuttleless looms

“Sulzer”
 Projectile loom “1953”
• The picking action is accomplished by a small bullet-
like gripper which grips the weft yarn and carries it
through the shed.
• Because the mass of gripper is low, the forces
needed to accelerate it are less and the picking
mechanism can be lighter. High running speed
compared to shuttle type.
• Several grippers are normally used in the loom.

• The dragging of the weft yarn across a loom creates

strain on this yarn, so projectile looms are not suited
for weaving with very weak yarn or fine yarn.
Gripper

Projectile Loom
 Bullets inside the rail

Projectile Loom
Gripper Projectile Loom
 Rapier Loom “1972”
• A rapier loom uses a rapier to pull the weft yarn across the
loom.

• It can be a single rapier or double rapier.

• For a double rapier loom, two rapiers enter the shed from
opposite sides of the loom and transfer the weft from one
rapier head to the other near the center of the loom

• The advantage of two rapier system is only 50% of the

rapier movement is utilized in the weft insertion of single
rapier loom
Dornier Rapier Loom “Rigid Double Rapier”
 Air Jet Loom “1982”
• The force of air carriers the yarn from one side to the
other.
• Jet looms are faster than projectile or rapier looms
(picks per minute).
• Jets have less yarn-carrying power (no thick yarn)
• Jet looms also do less damage to the warp “no
abrasion”.
• Auxiliary nozzles along the shed produce additional
air to help carry the yarns across the loom.

• The fabric width of air-jet loom is normally narrower

than rapier or projectile loom.
Air nozzle

Air Jet Loom

Air Jet Loom
 Water jet
• There is only a main nozzle to provide the propulsion of
the weft yarn.

• The loom is very efficient, with only a small amount of

water required and is the fastest type of shuttleless loom.
• Since wet fabric cannot be stored in a roll, water-jet looms
are equipped with efficient drying units.
• Water-jet looms are best suited for weaving filament
yarns made of hydrophobic fibres.
Water Jet Loom “Toyota”
Application of Water Jet Fabrics
1- PP “Polypropylene” Mesh Cloth used for packaging of fruits and
vegetables
2- Airbag fabrics on Japanese Tsudakoma water jet weaving
machines
Circular Weaving Machine
 Circular Weaving Machine
• They have been widely used for producing circular woven
polypropylene fabrics for large bags for heavy loads.

• Shuttles have a continuous circulating motion.

• 6 Shuttles are driven electromagnetically and each shuttle
runs in its own shed.
• The warp yarns are fed into the weaving elements from
the bottom.
 Tricot Knit
 Raschel Knit

23
 Circular Knitting Machines
• In circular knitting machines, needles are fixed on a
cylinder in a circular shape.
• There are more than one feeders to feed yarn to needles
at different places.
• In most of the cases needle bed (cylinder) moves while
feeders remain stationary.
• Diameter of cylinder is fixed but in case of sock knitting
machines it is changeable due to structure of socks
Circular Knitting Machine
 “Terry & Lonati Socks m/c
Normal Socks”
SANTONI FOOTWEAR
Pot Scrubber with
foam insert
 Full Garment Flat Knitting Machines

• These are latest machines and are used to make full

length of garment “WHOLEGARMENT”
• Quite expensive
 WHOLEGARMENT Sports/Outdoors

cycle wear water shoes

Automotive
Seat cover
 chair WHOLEGARMENT lamp shade

WHOLEGARMENT
Home Furnishings

Tissue box cover

 face mask compression glove

WHOLEGARMENT
Healthcare

supporter with low pressure

Double-Jersey
Isolation hose
seals tape
Gloves Knitting Machine
 Warp-Knitting
When producing warp-knits, a yarn sheet is linked by
stitches in longitudinal direction. Thus, each individual
thread in the sheet (warp) forms a wale.

Properties
• More stable than circular and flat knitted fabric
• Big and small holes are possible
• Many designs are possible
• Highly course yarn can be used
• Technical fabric can be produced
Main products
– Nets
– Curtains
– Technical fabrics
– Filters
– Covering sheets
Tricot warp knitting m/c
Raschel warp knitting m/c
SANTONI Warp Knitting m/c
 NEW MACHINES AND APPLICATIONS
"continuous innovation and improvement "

1- Complete line for the production of tubular net for packing

 NEW MACHINES AND APPLICATIONS
Agro-food Industry

High efficiency electronic crochet knitting machine for technical fabrics

2- High speed knit braiding machine of versatile use for producing
ropes and cords of large diameters
Reinforcement hose
Medical

3- Fully automatic line for the production of disposal facial masks

(surgical masks) with ear elastic loops
High speed Crochet knitting machine for the production of elastic tapes
for ear loop protection and surgical face mask
GAUZES
BANDAGES
WINDERS

COMPRESSES
 Non-woven fabrics
◼ Made by pressing, bonding, or interlocking
fibers together with or without using yarns

◼ Done with mechanical action, chemicals,

and/or heat

◼ They have industrial and medical uses

54
 Needle Punch

Barbed needles mechanically

interlock fibers.
USES
Stitch Bonding Nonwoven Fabric
 USES
Geotextiles: Paving roads, aircraft lanes
 Geotextiles
Used in: paving roads,
aircraft lanes.

Because it is a
permeable, it used in
association with soil,
have the ability to
separate, filter,
reinforce, protect, or
drain.

Application of Industrial Fabrics 60

Wetlaid Web Nonwoven
 Wet-laid
Wet-laid parallel-laid webs accounts 15% of web production
and are produced on modified paper machine.

The advantages of low cost and high production rates are

obtained by the limitations of fiber length (this technique is
only successful with short fibers) and the papery handle of the
web.

The wet laying technique is particularly appropriate for large

scale production of a particular quality in order to be
economical. This technique lends itself to the production of
fabrics of low cost and limited durability.
 USES
Disposal end products include, napkins, aprons, gloves, tea
bags and surgical gauzes.

While more durable applications include interlinings, filter

cloths and carpet under laying.
 General applications of Nonwoven Fabrics
1. Hospital use:
surgical gowns and drapes (fig.1),
operational cover sheets, bed sheets,
towels... Fig. 1

2. Medical use:
wound dressings (fig.2), gauze, wet
tissue, cotton products, pads (fig.3) Fig. 2 Fig. 3

3. Sanitary products:
baby wipes (fig.4), facial clean wipe,
face masks, disposable pants... Fig. 4
4. Household products:
cleaning wipes (fig.5),
protection fabric for
Fig. 5
electronics, home furnishing Fig. 6
fabrics: table cloths and Fig. 7
napkins (fig.6), curtains (fig.7)

5. Industrial textiles:
Fig. 8
industrial wipes (fig.8),
filtration (fig.9), roofing, Fig. 9
water insulation (fig.10) Fig. 10
6. Automotive products (fig. 11), Fig. 11
headliners, cleaning wipes,

7. Interlinings (fig.12):
Fig. 12

8. Coating substrates for synthetic

leather (fig.13): Fig. 13
Functions & Applications of
Technical Textiles
Wind Turbines
Cars
Rocket
Transportation
Ships
Military equipment
Bridges
 Organs and tissue which are currently being
intensively researched in tissue engineering.
A = trachea/oesophagus
B = heart/cardiac valve
C = liver
D = kidneys
E = bladder/renal duct
F = nerve regeneration
G = Joint cartilage
H = ligaments/tendons
I = cartilage (e.g. ear)
K = skin
L = pancreas
M = blood vessels
N = intestine
O = bone

The model shows how a bifurcate prosthesis of The Anaconda system is fully modular, allowing great flexibility
the Anaconda system is placed inside an and dimensional compatibility.
abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Application of Technical textiles in Medical Field