Quad : The new emerging group

BY:
AUTHOR: SAJAL JAIN {B.A. LL. B
OBJECTIVE OF RESEARCH:

The objectives of the research are as follows-

1. To understand the concept of QUAD.

2. To have an insight of the Quad Nation
3. To understand the need of quad.
4. To understand & analysis the current situation

SCOPE OF RESEARCH:

The present study covers the aspect Of QUAD & QUAD NATIONS. The study of this group is
important as it is present day politics. The current study covers the whole aspect of the above group.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:

Research methodology applied in this project is doctrinal. An explanatory study is used

order to find underlying principles; therefore, the data would be mainly collected from
secondary sources of information. These include books, journals and internet. Keeping
this in view the researcher has gone through several books and web references.

BIBLOGRAPHY

https://www.thehindu.com/.
https://indianexpress.com/.
https://thediplomat.com/.
https://www.wikipedia.org/.
Abstract:

In this research papers, I discuss the formation, role & powers of Quad 1 nations. It is a
group of 4 developed nation who have more than 28 + trillion economy & highly
developed defense system as well as well artificial & cyber security. They come
together to counter the influence of China in Asia. The word ‘quad’ first coined by PM
Shinzo Abe. This paper provides all insights & development that has done previously
to make this group stronger in Asia region. Recent Development which latest taken by
nation & first in person meeting discussion & decision are also mentioned. how its
beneficial for an India & what’s needful is necessary to strengthen the quad.

Key Words -, China, East Asia, Quad, Japan, India, Australia, USA

1. Introduction

After the end of cold war, Democracy & Capitalism become the major ideology of world & USA
became the world power. But entering in 21st century many countries start countering USA’s world
power. The major country is China, in east Asia start influencing the world countries & showing
dominance by economy and defense system. China also tries to influence the trade of south China sea
trade. one third shipping of world passing from this route which carries trillions of trades. China is
also tried to claimed local island {Parcel, Smartly, Scar bough}. By seeing these Asian countries feel
insecure. So Japanese PM come with the concept of QUAD to counter the dominance of China in east
Asia. To maintain the free a rule-based order & secure the navigation it is necessary step. USA start
losing power in Asia continent so they also join this group to show his presence & US – JAP have also
signed a treaty in which it mentioned us is responsible for providing military personnel & provide
security.
China on global platform start countering this group refer as “Asian NATO2”. They also start
pressurizing the countries not to join this group by their dominance & threat. They also start trapping
African & other small countries who economically weak by giving a huge loan at low interest.
Now again situation arise like cold war in which China trapping the countries by giving loan & USA
come close to big countries by signing various treaties & agreement.

2. Formation: -

Quadrilateral Security Dialogue or we can say that “QUAD” also was firstly this term coined
by Former Japanese PM MR. Shinzo Abe in 2007 with the support of US, Australian, Indian

1
QUAD – GROUP OF AUSTRALIA, INDIA, USA, JAPAN

2
NATO – NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION
 leader. In this dialogue they their joint military exercise of an unprecedent scale, firmly known
“Malabar Exercise3”.

Now the whole world eye on this exercise & it’s seemed like arrangements are done to counter
the increased the Chinese economic & defense. Chinese government took this dialogue
seriously & responded in issuing a formal diplomatic protest to its member.

After seeing this protest former Australian Pm Kevin Rudd withdraw from this organization
because its continuously growing tension between relationship between Australia & China.
After seeing over dominance of China us start separate military cooperation in 2010.
Meanwhile us Japan India continue to hold this joint “naval exercise” under Malabar.

Now the globally politics is changed China influence became uncontrollable. So again, world
leader meets in ASEAN summit in 2017 in manila led by Shinzo Abe {Japan pm}, Narendra
Modi {India PM}, Malcolm Turnbull {Australian Pm}, & Donald Trump {US president}.
They all agree to revive this group & counter China militarily power in south China sea.

In a joint statement in march 2021, “The principle of Quad” narrated by their members &
describe the common interest for a free and open indo pacific and a rule-based order in east &
south China sea

Now QUAD held quad plus meeting which include nations like New Zealand, Vietnam, south
Korea to work on covid 19 situation.

3. Intermission (2009 – 2017)

3.1 Naval Exercise: -

During the year when quad stop & restart, members actively engaged & continued to cooperate on a
bilateral or trilateral level & some time with other nation also to make relation friendly with them.
Even this was especially in the case Japan & Australia, where Japan agrees first on naval exercise of
Australia Kakadu & Ichirou in 2008. Japan & India also start their first naval exercise in 2012,
Australia also did same in 2015.
Australia to counter the interdependence on chin they also joined to us Philippines “Baltistan”
exercise in 2014 & Japan also shakes the hand I 2017.

3.2 Australia Twist & Turn: -

After change in power, Julia become the new pm in 2010 came with major shift in foreign policy they
came close towards a us, and a distancing from China. After the rods replacement the Australian
national served by continuity to engage and encourage long standing ally & now us start their power
in east Asia region.
But the relation of in as still not improved because Australia’s decision of not selling the uranium had
weakened the quad. This move was critically criticized internal as well as external government. after
some time with the support of us and labor party Australian government change the decision.
On 5 seep 2014, the new Australian pm Tony Abbott agreed to sell uranium to India.

3
MALABAR EXERCISE – MULTILATERAL NAVAL EXERCISE
3.3 USA Interest In “Asia”: -
In 2011 Obama administration, done a significant shift of their priority and resources in their foreign
policy, they start investing heavily in east Asian countries & majorly near those who are neighbor of
China. They know very well there is no more trade & resources available in middle east or European
countries. This change come with Trans – Pacific partnership trade agreement, to counter the
dominance over the Asian market.
For US interest this region independence is highly important because in present situation highly
consumption-based countries in Asia. But again, things change, when us president barrack Obama
named as Susan rice as us NSA, they start cooperating and friendly relation with China.

3.4 Entry of New Leader “XI”: -

The main tensions between China & quad nation starts from 2012, when xi Jinping became the
general secretary of Chinese communist party. They took a hard – lined decision on the major issues
like security & foreign affair.
Under, his leadership they also start claiming island present nearby south China se. The main issue
creates during 2014 -16 when China tries to capture parcel island which was previously claimed by
Philippines & Vietnam from decades.
In 2013, xi come with major project “One belt, One Road” to help the trade but they have highly
motivated hidden interest they want to connect 70 countries by constructing road & sea routes.

4. Interest of USA, AUSTRALIA, India

4.1 United States of America:

The Main motto of joining us quad is to balance the increase hegemony and diplomatic ambitious of
China, because us want to maintain his fame as world leader.
USA also want to freedom of trade in south China sea which was hinder by China continuously by
establishing naval weapon. one third of world trade pass through south China sea the main share was
held by us.
USA’s highly developed defense system & artificial intelligence weapons helps other nation to cooperate
with them. He wants to stand a strong pillar nearby CHINA to counter its hegemony in east Asia, if China
becomes next superpower country its clearly destroy us hegemony that’s present in today world.
To counter the one belt, one road initiative use come up the idea of B3W [ build back better world] in G7
which cost around $ 40 trillion.

4.2 Australia:

The main motto of Australia joining quad is to less the interdependence over China, they both signed
various treaties & trade agreement which hamper Australia internal growth. Australia & China have
good relation in terms of trade, this year only Australia export $180 bn because of this Australia decision
is, most favored by China side.
When in 2007 Australia join quad lots of external pressure created by China for backout & they did. By
this the image of Australia goes down.

4.3 INDIA: -
The relationship of India & China is start determinate from 1962 when they first face off in battle
field after signing the “Panther” treaty China violates its many times. After 2017, indo - dollar
standoff India openly criticize China on various platform. India also wants to self-reliant in
production which couldn’t be possible till we remove Chinese product.
India also a part of boor imitative also reject this agreement. China in Un mostly use veto during
Indian proposal, they also hinder the development of un by using different malpractice. In Indian
states China also enter illegally & true to capture the area several time they cross machoman line.

5. South China Sea Geographical Indication

Location: South China Sea is an arm of western Pacific Ocean in Southeast Asia. It is south of China,
east & south of Vietnam, west of the Philippines and north of the island of Borneo. It is connected by
Taiwan Strait with the East China Sea and by Luzon Strait with the Philippine Sea.

5.2 Bordering states & territories (clockwise from north):

 The People’s Republic of China
 The Republic of China (Taiwan)
 The Philippines
 Malaysia
 Brunei
 Indonesia
 Singapore
 Vietnam.
5.3 Strategic Importance:
This sea holds tremendous strategic importance for its location as it is the connecting link between the
Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean (Strait of Malacca).
According to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) one-third of the
global shipping passes through it, carrying trillions of trades which makes it a significant geopolitical
water body

6.Current Situation:
This is first time when QUAD leaders meeting physically after the reestablishment of 2017.

6.2 Major Highlight: -

In this meeting they came up with the objective of this group “they want open, free, prosperous based
indo pacific region. Discussed Afghanistan condition & Taliban control agreed upon to provide
cooperation in south Asia region.
They pledge to donate more than 1.2 billion covid 19 vaccine doses globally. They also discussed
initiative of G7 build back better world & they also agree to establish such infra stricta project in
Asia.
Based on similar lines. Quad will establish high quality infrastructure & will share, expertise, capacity
& influence in the region & identity new opuntias

6.3 Climate Change: -

To tackle climate change quad countries has envisaged to establish
1 Green Port Infrastructure
2 Green Hydrogen Partnership
3 Disaster Manage mint

6.4 Satellite Data Sharing: -

QUAD countries will start discussion to exchange earth observation satellite solo & analysis on
climate change risks & sustainable use of oceans & marine resources.

6.5 Semiconduction supply Chain imitative

It will be o joint initiative to mop Capacity identify Vulnerabilities & better supply Chan security for
Semiconductor & their vital competitor.

6.6 The QUAD Fellowship: -

Fellowship will sponsor 100 student per year from each quad country to pursue mastery & doctorate
degree from Stem university USA.

Way Forward
Need For Clear Vision: The Quad nations need to better explain the Indo-Pacific Vision in an
overarching framework with the objective of advancing everyone’s economic and security interests.
This will reassure the littoral States that the Quad will be a factor for regional benefit, and a far cry
from Chinese allegations that it is some sort of a military alliance.
Expanding Quad: India has many other partners in the Indo-Pacific; therefore, India should pitch for
countries like Indonesia, Singapore to be invited to join in the future.
India should now concentrate on the maritime area in order to protect national & regional interest.
creating a new section within the ministry of external affairs to deal with indo pacific is a step in the
right direction. In these aspects.