Program Book

Community Service Project

AP STATE COUNCIL OF HIGHER EDUCATION

(A STATUTORY BODY OF GOVERNMENT OF ANDHRA PRADESH)

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Program Book for Community Service Project

Name of the Student: K.Tejaswini

Name of the College: KAKARAPARTI BHAVANARAYANA COLLEGE

Registration Number: K2238139

Period of CSP:2 months (200 hours)

From: 01-07-2024 To :-0-2024

Name & Address of the Community/Habitation: FUTUREPATH ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL

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Instructions to Students for Community Service Project

Please read the detailed Guidelines on Community Service Project hosted on the website of AP
State Council of Higher Education https://apsche.ap.gov.in

Link: https://apsche.ap.gov.in/Pdf/Guidelines%20for%20the%20OJT
%20Internship
%20Community%20Service%20Project.pdf

1. It is mandatory for all the students to complete 2 months (180 hours) of Community Service
Project as a part of the 10 months mandatory internship/on the job training.
2. Consider yourself as a committed volunteer in the community, you work with.
3. Every student should identify the village/community/habitation for Community Service
Project (CSP) in consultation with the College Principal/the authorized person nominated by
the principal.
4. Report to the community/habitation as per the schedule given by the College. You must make
your own arrangements of transportation to reach the community/habitation.
5. You will be assigned with a Faculty Guide from your College. He/She will be creating a
WhatsApp group with your fellow volunteers. Post your daily activity done and/or any
difficulty you encounter during the programme.
6. You should maintain punctuality in attending the CSP. Daily attendance is compulsory.
7. You are expected to learn about the community/habitation and their problems.
8. Know the leaders and the officials of the community/habitation.
9. While in project, always wear your College Identity Card.
10. If your College has a prescribed dress as uniform, wear the uniform daily.
11. Identify at least five learning objectives in consultation with your Faculty Guide. These
learning objectives can address:
• Information about the community, including the realities and problems of the society.
• Need for creating awareness on socially relevant aspects/programs.
• Acquiring specific Life Skills.
• Learning areas of application of knowledge and technologies related to your discipline.

• Identifying developmental needs of the community/habitation.

12. Practice professional communication skills with team members, and with the leaders and
officials of the community. This includes expressing thoughts and ideas effectively through
oral, written, and non-verbal communication, and utilizing listening skills.

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13. Be regular in filling up your Program Book. It shall be filled up in your own
handwriting. Add additional sheets wherever necessary.
14. At the end of Community Service Project, you shall be evaluated by the person in-charge of
the community/habitation to whom you report to.
15. There shall also be evaluation at the end of the community service by the Faculty Guide
and the Principal.
16. Do not indulge in any political activities.
17. Ensure that you do not cause any disturbance to the inhabitants or households during your
interaction or collection of data.
18. Be cordial but not too intimate with the persons you come across during your service activities.
19. You should understand that during this activity, you are the ambassador of your College,
and your behavior during the community service programme is of utmost importance.
20. If you are involved in any discipline related issues, you will be withdrawn from the
programme immediately and disciplinary action shall be initiated.
21. Do not forget to keep up your family pride and prestige of your College.
22. Remember that you are rendering valuable service to the society and your role in the
community development will become part of the history of the community.

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 Community Service Project Report

Submitted in accordance with the requirement for the degree of BSc (AI)

Name of the College: KAKARAPATI BHAVANARAYANA COLLEGE

Department: COMPUTER SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS

Name of the Faculty Guide: G.KRISHNA

Duration of the CSP: 2 months(200 hours) From 25-09-2023 to 11-11-2023

Name of the Student: K.TEJASWINI

Programme of Study : B.SC(AI)

Year of Study:2022-2025

Register Number: K2238139

Date of Submission:30-11-2024

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 Student’s Declaration

I, K.Tejaswini, a student of Community Service Project Program, Reg. No.K2238139 of the

Department of Computer, Kakarapati Bhavanarayana College(Autonomous) do hereby declare
that I have completed the mandatory community service from 01-09-2024 to 11-11-2024 in
FUTUREPATH ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL under the Faculty Guideship of G.KRISHNA,
Department Of Computer Science and Applications in Kakarapati Bhavanarayana College
(Autonomous).

(Signature and Date)

Endorsements

Faculty Guide

Head of the Department

Principal

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 Certificate from Official of the Community

This is to certify that K.Tejaswini Reg. No. K2238139 of KAKARAPATI BHAVANARAYANA

COLLEGE(AUTONOMOUS) underwent community service in C0MMUNITY SERVICE
PROJECT PROGRAM from 01-09-2024 to 11-11-2024.

The overall performance of the Community Service Volunteer during his/her community service is
found to be..........................(Satisfactory/Good).

Authorized Signatory with Date and Seal

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We take the opportunity to thank one and all who have helped in making the project possible.
I express my sincere thanks to FUTUREPATH ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL, for giving us
the opportunity to work on a project as part of the curriculum. Our sincere thanks to our Mentor
G.KRISHNA Lecture in Department of Computer Science and Application. We are very much
thankful to HOD department computer science and application P.RAVINDRA Lecturer in KBN
COLLEGE to encourage me to the highest peak and to provide me the opportunity to prepare the
project. Our sincere thanks to our beloved Vice-Principal P L RAMESH for providing the best faculty
and lab facility throughout these academic years.
Our sincere thanks to our beloved principal professor Dr.V NARAYANA RAO providing the best
faculty and lab facility throughout these academic years.
I am immensely obliged to my friends for their elevating inspiration, encouraging guidance and kind
supervision in the completion of my Community Service Project.
. Last, but not the least, my parents are also an important inspiration for me. So with
due regards, I express my gratitude to them.

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 CHAPTER 1: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The community service report shall have only a one-page executive summary. It shall include a brief
description of the Community and summary of all the activities done by the student in CSP and five
or more learning objectives and outcomes.

OBJECTIVES:-
 To understand the technical awareness of rural areas students.

 To create awareness regarding technical education in the rural area.

 Provide fundamental knowledge to the students.

 Develop in them the skill of thinking analysing.

 Inculcate proficiency in reasoning and synthesizing.

 Create interest specific attitudes.

 Develop communication skill and soft skills.

 Help the students apply their knowledge in learning activities.

 Help the students attain the thinking process.

 Provide them vocational skills.

 Help the students attain the skills of problem solving.

 Make the students associate the knowledge in real-time application.

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 CHAPTER 2: OVERVIEW OF THE COMMUNITY
• About the Community/Village/Habitation including historical profile of the
community/habitation, community diversity, traditions, ethics and values.
• Brief note on Socio-Economic conditions of the Community/Habitation.

The role of community computer awareness programme a higher education to the students:

with specific reference to advantage to the students, community aspects and motivation to the

students. It showed that the students computer awareness and interaction with the students

with computer related courses mostly, have had exposure to computer tools when they first

come to the college level. Yet, they are highly motivated to acquire the required skills and use

them when needed. Thus, a every college strategy to utilize this opportunity and provide

computer literacy to all its students will bear much fruit. The study showed that off campus

access remains problematic, and, unless special provisions are made to compensate for this

lack of access, advantage students’ full academic potential will remain unrealized. The remedy

is in the domain of the community awareness of the students management, which needs to

ensure that compensatory measures are in place and that its computer facilities are available to

all students 24 hours a day and 7 days a week. This implies looking for unique solutions that

are relevant to the advantage situation.

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 CHAPTER 3: COMMUNITY SERVICE PART
Description of the Activities undertaken in the Community during the Community Service Project. This
part could end by reflecting on what kind of values, life skills, and technical skills the student acquired.

The fundamental prerequisite for academic achievement, however, was not found

to be more access, essential as it may be, but is rather seen in the careful

integration of community awareness programmes into academic programs. The

study showed that it is not the length of use of computer tools, such as computers

and the Internet, that make a difference, but it is in the manner that they are used.

In other words, only when these tools are used through an academic program, such

as emails to a lecturer. in order to exchange course-related information, that

academic performance is positively affected. Thus, the community awareness

needs to formulate a comprehensive strategy that would engage all of its key

players in the academic community, management and students to take an active

part in bringing about the required transformation. The main goal of such a

strategy would be to encourage an increase in the integration of technology, in its

manifold aspects, in the teaching and learning practices of the community

computer awareness programmes.

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 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE FIRST WEEK

DAY BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF LEARNING OUTCOME Person

& THE DAILY In-charge
DATE ACTIVITY Signature

Computer fundamental Computer fundamental

 Computer parts  Computer parts
 Input &  Input & Output
Output devices devices
25-09-2023
 Generations of  Generations of
computers computers
Types of computers  Types of computers
MICROSOFT WINDOWS7 MICROSOFT
 Starting WINDOWS7
windows  Starting windows
26-09-2023 explorer explorer
 Creating a library  Creating a library

INTRODUCING OF DBMS INTRODUCING OF

 Database DBMS
 advantages of DBMS  database
27-09-2023  advantages of
DBMS

 viewing files or  viewing files or

folders folders
 searching a file/folder  searching a
28-09-2023 file/folder

 types of database  types of database

 structure of database  structure of
database
29-09-2023

 working with the  working with the

control panel control panel
 MICROSOFT MICROSOFT
30-09-2023 EXCEL 2010 EXCEL 2010
 features  features of excel
of excel

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 WEEKLY REPORT
WEEK – 1 (From Dt 25-09-2023 to Dt 30-09-2023)
Objective of the Activity Done:
Details Report:

COMPUTER PARTS:

What is computer?
Computer is an electronic Machine that accept
information (data) processing.
According to specific instruction and Provides the Result as a new information.

MONITOR:
Computer monitor is an output device that displays information in pictorial or
text form. A monitor usually comprises a visual display, Some circuitry, a
casing and power supply.

KEYBOARD: -
Keyboard is an input device and is the most basic way
for the user to communicate with a computer. The
device is patterned after its predecessor, the type
writer, from which the keyboard inherited its layout,
although the keys or letters are arranged to function as
electronic switches.

MOUSE: The mouse is a small, moveable device that lets you control a range of things on a computer.
Most types of mouse have two buttons, and some will have a wheel in between the buttons. Most types
of mouse connect to the computer with a cable, and use the computer’s power to work. Some type of
mouse or wireless.

C.P.U [CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT]: -

The computers central processing unit is the portion of computer that retrieves and execute instructions.
The CPU is essentially the brain of CAD System. It consists of an arithmetic and
logical unit [ALU], A control unit, and various registers. The CPU is often simply
referred to as the processors. The ALU performs arithmetic operations, logic
operations and related operations according to the program instructions

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 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE SECOND WEEK

DAY
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF LEARNING Person
& DATE
THE DAILY OUTCOME In-charge
ACTIVITY Signature
DAY-1  what is Microsoft access?  what is
02-10-2023  Features of Microsoft
Microsoft access access?
 Features of
Microsoft access
DAY-2  Starting microsoft excel  Starting microsoft
03-10-2023  Workbook and worksheet excel
 Workbook and
worksheet
 Components of
DAY-3 Microsoft access
 Components of 2010
04-10-2023 LOG ON TO
Microsoft access
ACCESS
2010
 Starting MS
Access 2010
DAY-4  Components of a  Components of
05-10-2023 worksheet a worksheet
 Moving  Moving around
around the the spreadsheet
spreadsheet
 Creating a blank database  Creating a
 Creating database blank database
DAY-5 using templates  Creating database
06-10-2023 using templates
 Entering data  Entering data
 Performing calculations  Performing
DAY-6 calculations
07-10-2023

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 WEEKLY REPORT
WEEK – 2 (From Dt 02-10-2023 to Dt 07-10-2023)
Objective of the Activity Done:
Details Report:
LOG ON TO ACCESS

STARTING MS ACCESS 2010

Click on the Start button> All Programs > Microsoft Office > Microsoft Access 2010.
MS Access offers you two ways to create a new database:
 Creating a blank database
 Creating a database using templates
CREATING A BLANK DATABASE
 Open Microsoft Access 2010.
 You will find the Backstage View on the screen. By default, the New tab is selected.
 Click on the Blank database option present under the Available Templates category. The Blank
Database option facilitates you to create a database from scratch. This is a good option if you
have very specific design requirements or have existing data that you need to accommodate.
The Blank Database task pane appears on the right side that prompts you to create a file.

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 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE THIRD WEEK

DAY BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF LEARNING OUTCOME Person

& THE DAILY
In-charge
DATE ACTIVITY
Signature

DAY-1  Views of a table  Views of a table

 Rules for naming  Rules for naming
09-10-2023 a field a field

 Working with  Working with

DAY-2 worksheet worksheet
10-10-2023  Saving a worksheet  Saving a worksheet

 Data types  Data types

DAY-3  Setting data type for  Setting data type for
11-10-2023 a field a field

EDITING A WORKSHEET EDITING A WORKSHEET

DAY-4  Selecting cells  Selecting cells
12-10-2023  Entering numbers  Entering numbers
as text, data, and as text, data, and
time time

 Saving a database  Saving a database

DAY-5  Closing database and  Closing database and
13-10-2023 access application access application

 Changing cell contents  Changing cell contents

DAY-6  Using undo and  Using undo and
14-10-2023 redo feature redo feature

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 WEEKLY REPORT
WEEK – 3 (From Dt 09-10-2023 to Dt 14-10-2023)
Objective of the Activity Done:
Detailed Report:

EDITING A WORKSHEET
Microsoft Excel is an application software used to perform mathematical calculations. After entering
data in worksheet, we may need to make some changes in it. We can add more data and edit its
contents. Editing worksheet involves changing cell contents, copying and moving data, and inserting or
deleting rows and columns.

ENTEREING NUMBERS As TEXT, DATE, AND TIME

To enter numbers as text, place apostrophe (') before the number. The digit will be treated as text.
To enter date or time in a cell, type the number and click on the Enter button next to the Formula Bar.
Click on the Format drop-down button in the Cells group on the Home tab, and select the Format Cells
option. In Format Cells dialog box, select the Number tab. Click on the Date or Time in the Category
list. Choose the type of format and click on OK.

To enter date and time in a cell separate the date and time with space.
CHANGING CELL CONTENTS
The characters and numbers typed in a worksheet, can be seen both in cell as well as in Formula Bar.
Enter the contents and press either the Enter key or the Enter button on Formula Bar to accept the
changes.
When you type the new data into a cell, the two buttons - Cancel
bar. Cell contents can be modified in two ways:
 Replacing cell contents
 Using Edit mode

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 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE FOURTH WEEK

DAY BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF

LEARNING OUTCOME Person
& THE DAILY
In-charge
DATE ACTIVITY
Signature

 Opening an  Opening an existing

DAY-1 existing database database
16-10-2023  WORKING WITH WORKING WITH
TABLES TABLES
 Creating a table  Creating a table

 Inserting columns and  Inserting columns and

DAY-2 rows rows
17-10-2023  Copying and  Copying and moving
moving data data

DAY-3  Marking changes  Marking changes in

18-10-2023 in database view database view
 Moving through  Moving through
Records Records

 Using autofill feature  Using autofill feature

DAY-4  FORMATING AND FORMATING AND
19-10-2023 FUNCTIONS FUNCTIONS
 Creating a  Creating a
basic formula basic formula

ADVANCE FEATURES IN ADVANCE FEATURES IN

MS ACCESS MS ACCESS
DAY-5  Calculation in  Calculation in
a datasheet a datasheet
20-10-023  searching in  searching in
a datasheet a datasheet

DAY-6  Using compound  Using compound

formula formula
21-10-2023  Using formula  Using formula on next
on next

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 WEEKLY REPORT

WEEK – 4 (From Dt 16-10-2023 to Dt 21-10-2023)

Objective of the Activity Done:
Detailed Report:

ADVANCE FEATURES IN MS ACCESS

In the previous chapter, you have studied about the basic features of MS Access like inserting and
deleting a field in design view and datasheet view. You have also learnt how to make changes in
datasheet view and to move through records. This chapter covers the advanced features of MS Access
such as doing Calculations in a database, Searching, Sorting, Filtering, and Importing data from
another application.
CALCULATION IN A DATASHEET
You can perform calculation in your datasheet as per your requirement. MS Access provides you some
options for doing calculations. Let us see this by considering the following example:
In the Navigation Pane, double-click on the desired table. The table opens in the Datasheet View
automatically. Click on the Totals option in the Records group on the Home tab.

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 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE FIFTH WEEK

DAY BRIEF DESCRIPTION LEARNING OUTCOME Person

& OF THE DAILY
In-charge
DATE ACTIVITY
Signature

 Sorting data within  Sorting data within

DAY-1 a table a table
23-10-2023  Filtering in  Filtering in a database
a database

 Cell range  Cell range

DAY-2  Cell reference  Cell reference and
24-10-2023 and its types its types

 Advanced filtering  Advanced filtering in

DAY-3 in a datasheet a datasheet
25-10-2023  Importing data  Importing data from
from another another application MS
application MS excel
excel

 Cell reference of  Cell reference of

DAY-4 another worksheet another worksheet
26-10-2023  functions  functions

QUERIES QUERIES
DAY-5  What is query?  What is query?
27-10-2023  Setting a  Setting a relationship
relationship between tables
between tables

DAY-6  common functions  common functions

USING EXCEL AS USING EXCEL AS
28-10-2023
DATABASE DATABASE
 using a form to  using a form to
enter data enter data

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 WEEKLY REPORT
WEEK – 5 (From Dt 23-10-2023 to Dt 28-10-2023)
Objective of the Activity Done:
Detailed Report:

USING EXCEL AS DATABASE

A database is a collection of information related to a particular subject, such as maintaining addresses
and phone numbers, a list of library books, keeping students' record pertaining to academic and co-
curricular achievements, keeping employees' information, etc. It helps the users to organise, retrieve,
sort, and edit data as per their requirements.
Database consists of fields and records. In simple terms, records refer to rows, and fields refer to
columns in Excel.
 FIELD: A column within a database that contains only one type of data is called Field. For
example, Roll No., Name, Address are different fields.
 RECORD: A row in a database is called a Record, which consists of the information about one
person or one object. For example, in the given figure - Roll No., Name, English, Hindi, Maths,
Total, Per (%) of one student forms a record.
 FIELD NAME: It is a column label for the field in a database. All the field names appear in one
row. For example - Roll No., Name, English, Hindi, Maths, Total, Per (%) are the field names
in the given database.

USING A FORM TO ENTER DATA

A Form is a dialog box that provides an easy way to enter or display a complete row of information or
record. It has text boxes to enter data in fields, and command buttons to manipulate the data.

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 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE SIXTH WEEK

DAY BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF LEARNING OUTCOME Person

& THE DAILY
In-charge
DATE ACTIVITY
Signature

 Create a query  Create a query

DAY-1 in design view in design view
30-10-2023  Specifying simple  Specifying simple
criteria criteria

 Adding new record in  Adding new record in

DAY-2 a form a form
31-10-2023  Searching a record  Searching a record

 specifying multiple  specifying multiple

DAY-3 criteria criteria
01-11-2023 FORMS FORMS
 creating new form  creating new form
in access using form in access using form
wizard wizard

 sorting data  sorting data

DAY-4  filtering data  filtering data
02-11-2023

 creating a form  creating a form

DAY-5 using from design using from design
03-11-2023 REPORTS REPORTS
 understanding the  understanding the
report sections report sections

 using advanced filter  using advanced filter

DAY-6  using data validation  using data validation
04-11-2023

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 WEEKLY REPORT
WEEK – 6 (From Dt 30-10-2023 to Dt 04-11-2023)
Objective of the Activity Done:
Detailed Report:

REPORTS
A report is a summary of your database. It is an effective way to organise and summarise data for
viewing and printing. It consists of information obtained from tables or queries, and presented as per
the user's requirements. Reports are generally prepared and presented in hard copy if you need to share
information from your database with someone but do not want that person to actually work with your
database. Reports also provide the facility to group and sort the items, thus making it much more
readable.
UNDERSTANDING THE REPORT SECTIONS
In Access, a report is made up of the following sections:
 REPORT HEADER: This section contains the information that generally appears on a
cover page, such as a logo, a title, or a date. It appears at the top of each page in a report.
 PAGE HEADER: Page header contains the information that is to be displayed at the top of
the report.
 DETAIL: This is where you place the controls that make up the main body of the report. It
displays the records and appears between page header and page footer.
 PAGE FOOTER: This section is printed at the end of every page. Page footer is used to print
the page number or total number of pages.
 REPORT FOOTER: Report footer prints report totals or other information for the entire
report. It appears on the last page of the report and displays the summary of the entire report.

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 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE SEVENTH WEEK

DAY BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF LEARNING OUTCOME Person

& THE DAILY
In-charge
DATE ACTIVITY
Signature

 creating report using  creating report using

DAY-1 report wizard report wizard
06-11-2023  creating a report  creating a report
using report tool using report tool

 analysing data  analysing data with

DAY-2 with pivot table pivot table
07-11-2023  ADVANCED ADVANCED FEATURES
FEATURES OF OF EXCEL
EXCEL  components of a chart
 components of a chart

 Formatting a report  Formatting a report

DAY-3 ETHICS AND SAFETY ETHICS AND SAFETY
08-11-2023 MEASURES IN COMPUTING MEASURES IN COMPUTING
 Unethical practices  Unethical practices

 Commonly used  Commonly used chart

DAY-4 chart types types
09-11-2023  Creating a chart  Creating a chart

 Cybercrime  Cybercrime
DAY-5  Safety measures while  Safety measures while
10-11-2023 using computer and using computer and
internet internet

 Formatting a chart  Formatting a chart

DAY-6  Consolidating data  Consolidating data
11-11-2023

22
 WEEKLY REPORT
WEEK – 7 (From Dt 06-11-2023 to Dt 11-11-2023)
Objective of the Activity Done:
Detailed Report:

ADVANCE FEATURES OF EXCEL

A Chart is an effective way to display data in pictorial form. Charts make it easier to draw a
comparison and analyse the growth, relationship, and trends among the values in a range. Charts
provide more accurate analysis of information.
When you insert a chart, the data is displayed in a special window called Datasheet. Chart is updated
automatically with the change in data,
COMPONENTS OF A CHART
The various components of a chart are shown in Figure

1. CHART AREA: The chart area includes all the objects and the elements in a chart.
2. CATEGORY AXIS: Category axis or X-axis
is the horizontal axis of a chart.
3. VALUE AXIS: Value axis or Y-axis is the vertical axis used to plot the values.
4. DATA SERIES: Data series are the bars, slices, or other elements that represent the data values.

25
 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE EIGHTH WEEK

DAY BRIEF DESCRIPTION LEARNING OUTCOME Person

& OF THE DAILY In-charge

DATE ACTIVITY Signature

DAY-1

13-11-2023 DOCUMENTATION DOCUMENTATION

DAY-2
DOCUMENTATION DOCUMENTATION
14-11-2023

DAY-3
15-11-2023 DOCUMENTATION DOCUMENTATION

DAY-4
16-11-2023 DOCUMENTATION DOCUMENTATION

DAY-5
17-11-2023 DOCUMENTATION DOCUMENTATION

DAY-6
18-11-2023 DOCUMENTATION DOCUMENTATION

10
 WEEKLY REPORT
WEEK – 8 (From Dt 13-11-2023 to Dt 18-11-2023)
Objective of the Activity Done:
Detailed Report:

COMPUTER NETWORKS
We are living in a connected world. Information is being produced, exchanged, and traced across the
globe in real time. It's possible as almost everyone and everything in the digital world is interconnected
through one way or the other.

Apart from computers, networks include networking devices like switch, router, modem, etc.
Networking devices are used to connect multiple computers in different settings. For communication,
data in a network is divided into smaller chunks called packets. These packets are then carried over a
network. Devices in a network can be connected either through wired media like cables or wireless
media like air. In a communication network, each device that is a part of a network and that can
receive, create, store or send data to different network routes is called a node. In the context of data
communication, a node can be a device such as a modem, hub, bridge, switch, router, digital telephone
handset, a printer, a computer or a server. Activity 10.1 Identify some other networks in the real world.

27
CHAPTER 5: OUTCOMES DESCRIPTION

Details of the Socio-Economic Survey of the Village/Habitation. Attach the

questionnaire prepared for the survey
 Explain the advantages of DMMS.
 What is a Database?
 What is a MS Access?
 What are relationships in Access?
 Explain any four features of MS Access.
 What are data types in MS Access?
 What is the difference between sorting and filtering?
 What is the purpose advanced filtering in a database?
 What is a query?
 What are forms? Explain it use.
 What is a spam? How is it harmful?
 What do you understand by Microsoft excel?
 Differentiate between a workbook and a worksheet.
 What is a function of undo and redo commands?
 What is a difference between an interpreter and a compiler?
 What is a formula? Explain with the help of an example.
 What is a cell difference? Mention its types.
 What is a pivot table? Describe its utility.
 What is a chart?
 How will you group worksheets?
 What is a purpose of using a variable?
 Why do we use conditions in programming?
 What are trojans? How do they operate?
 Define threat in terms of computer security.
 Explain any two security threats.

28
Describe the problems you have identified in the community

PROBLEMS IDENTIFIED: -
 Projector was not there

 Network issues

 Travelling expenses faced

 Surrounding places was very dirty

 Books & slates are not there

 There is no water supply

 Systems was not there

29
Short-term and long term action plan for possible solutions for the problems identified and that
could be recommended to the concerned authorities for implementation.

LONG-TERM ACTION PLAN FOR IMPLEMENTATION

WEEK-1 Computer parts

Computer fundamentals
Input and output devices
Generations of computers
Types of computers
Introduction to DBMS Database
Advantages of DBMS
Types of database
Structure of database
WEEK-2 Features of excel
MICROSOFT EXCEL 2010
Starting Microsoft excel
Workbook and worksheet
Performing calculations
LOG ON TO ACCESS Starting MS Access 2010
Creating a blank database
Creating a database using templates
Rules for naming a field
WEEK-3 Entering numbers as text, data & time
EDITING A WORKSHEET
Changing cell contexts
Inserting columns and rows
Copying and moving data
WORKING WITH TABLES Creating a table
Moving changes in datasheet view
Moving through records
WEEK-4 Creating a basic formula
FORMULAS AND FUNTIONS
Using compound formula
Using formula on text
Cell reference and its types
ADVANCE FEATURES IN MS ACCESS Calculations in a datasheet
Searching in a datasheet
Sorting in a datasheet
Filtering in a database

30
WEEK-5 Using a form to enter data
USING EXCEL AS DATABASE
Adding new record in a form
Searching a record
Sorting data
QUERIES Setting a relationship between tables
Create a query in design view
Specifying simple criteria
Specifying multiple criteria
WEEK-6 Creating new forms in access using form wizard
FORMS
Creating a form using form design
REPORTS Understanding the report sections
Creating report using report wizard
Creating a report using report tool
Formatting a report
WEEK-7 Components of a chart
ADVANCED FEATURES OF EXCEL
Commonly used chart types
Creating a chart
Formatting a chart
ETHICS AND SAFETY MEASURES IN Unethical practices
COMPUTING
Cybercrime
Safety measures while using computer and
internet
WEEK-8 Documentation

31
Description of the Community awareness programme/s conducted w.r.t the problems and their
outcomes.

Analysis of the problem: -

 Projector was not there?

We used android mobile

 Network issues?

So we used black board to represent our concepts

 Travelling expenses faced?

College management didn’t provide any vehicle so we used our personal money.

 Surrounding places was very dirty?

We adjusted it.

 Books & slates are not there?

We provided books and slates & Other things.

 There is no water supply?

We carried our personal water bottles.

 Systems was not there?

We took our personal laptops.

32
Report of the mini-project work done in the related subject w.r.t the habitation/village.

A mini-project work in the related subject w.r.t the habitation/village. (For ex., a student of Botany
may do a project on Organic Farming or Horticulture or usage of biofertilizers or biopesticides or
effect of the inorganic pesticides, etc. A student of Zoology may do a project on Aquaculture
practices or animal husbandry or poultry or health and hygiene or Blood group analysis or survey on
the Hypertension or survey on the prevalence of diabetes, etc.
The Report shall be limited to 6 pages.

MICROSOFT EXCEL 2010

Microsoft Excel is one of the most popular spreadsheet software. It is widely used to perform
mathemati calculations. The data is spread in a tabular form consisting of rows and columns. It
provides inbuilt features tools, such as formulas, functions, and data analysis tools that make it easier
to work with large amount of data.
FEATURES OF EXCEL:
 Formulas are mainly used for performing simple and complex mathematical calculations.
Functions are s inbuilt formulas used for calculating percentage, interest, average, etc.
 Formatting features improve the appearance of data.
 The data is automatically recalculated in the entire worksheet if any change is made in a
single cell.
 The data can be quickly searched and replaced instantly.
 Autofill option is available to enter data in a series in MS Excel.
 Data can be viewed in a graphical form, such as charts, which helps to understand, analyse,
and compare data an effective manner.
 These advanced features have made Microsoft Excel the first choice for professionals to
quickly perform lengthy accounting and financial tasks, and take immediate decisions.

STARTING MICROSOFT EXCEL

33
WORKBOOK AND WORKSHEET
WORKBOOK
The Excel window that appears on the screen is called a Workbook. It is assigned a default name as
Book1. Workbook is like a notebook, which consists of a number of pages, Worksheets in a workbook
are like pages of a notebook. A Worksheet is a grid like area, made up of rows and columns, where
you can enter and work with data. By default, an Excel workbook displays 3 worksheets at the bottom,
with the names Sheet1, Sheet2, and Sheet3. We can add any number of worksheets in a workbook
according to the limits of memory available on a computer.
WORKSHEET
A worksheet consists of 1,048,576 rows and 16,384 columns. Columns are represented by alphabets on
the top, and rows have numbers on the left side of the worksheet.

COMPONENTS OF A WORKSHEET
CELL
A cell is an intersection of a column and a row in a worksheet. Each cell is denoted with a cell address.
For example, A5 refers to the cell at the intersection of column A and row 5. Data is entered in a cell.
A cell can contain upto 32,767 characters.
ACTIVE CELL
When you click on a cell, a thick black border differentiates it from the rest of the cells. It indicates the
current cell is active. This highlighted box is called Cell pointer. Data can be entered only in a cell
where the pointer is placed.
RANGE
A range is a group of contiguous cells, which form the shape of a rectangle. It can be as small as a
single cell or as big as an entire worksheet. You can specify a range by writing the starting cell address
followed by the ending cell address, both separated by a colon (:). For example, C1:C10.
NAME BOX

34
Name box is located just above the Column heading on the left side of the window. This area displays
the location of the cell pointer.

FORMULA BAR
The Formula Bar is located to the right of the Name box. This bar shows the data and formulas that you
enter in an active cell.
COLUMN HEADINGS
Alphabets across the top border of each worksheet are called column headings. These headings
identify columns with letters A to Z, AA through AZ and upto XFD for a total of 16,384 columns.
ROW HEADINGS
Row headings are the numbers marked as 1 to 1,048,576 along the left border of the worksheet
STATUS BAR
The Status bar is located at the bottom of the Excel window. It gives us information about the current
selection. It includes the name of the currently selected command or current activity. It also displays
warning messages.
MOVING AROUND THE SPREADSHEET
To input data in a worksheet, we have to move the cell pointer from one cell to another with the help of
various keys as defined in the given table:

ENTERING DATA
Follow the given steps to enter data in a worksheet :
 Open a new workbook. By default, Sheet1 is the active worksheet.
 Click on the cell D1 and type 'WEEKLY EXPENSES'. Select the cells C1 to F1 and click on
the Merge & Center button in the Alignment group on the Home tab.
 Click on the cell A2 and type Items. Press the Right arrow key. Type Monday in B2 and
Tuesday in C2. Likewise, enter data in the rest of the cells.
 Click on the cell A3. Type Eatables and press the Enter key. The cell pointer shifts to cell A4.
 Type 'Cold Drink' and press Down arrow key to move to cell A5 and type 'Milk'. Similarly,
enter the remaining data.

35
PERFORMING CALCULATIONS
 Excel has a powerful feature to perform calculations on the data. We can perform addition,
subtraction, multiplication, and division of numbers either using formula or using functions.
 Formulae are equations that perform calculations on values in our worksheet. A formula
consists of a combination of cell references, numbers, operators, and Excel functions. The
result of the calculation is displayed in the cell where the formula is entered.
 We can use either upper or lower case letters while entering the cell address in a formula.
 Excel also provides a quicker and easier way of performing calculations. Click on the AutoSum
button present either on the Formulas tab or the Home tab. Excel suggests a range which we
can accept, or select a different range.
 Move the cell pointer in cell H4. Click on the AutoSum button. Excel suggests the range B4:
G4. Press the Enter key. The sum of the values in cells B4 to G4 is calculated and displayed in
cell H4.
 If a number of cells need the same formula, it can be copied and pasted on the same worksheet.

36
SAVING A WORKBOOK
To save a workbook, follow the given steps:
 Click on the File tab and select the Save option.
 The Save As dialog box will appear.
 Select the drive and the folder where you want to save the workbook.
 Type the file name in the File name text box.
 Click on the Save button.
 The file will be saved with an extension .xlsx

37
 LOG ON TO ACCESS

STARTING MS ACCESS 2010

Click on the Start button> All Programs > Microsoft Office > Microsoft Access 2010.
MS Access offers you two ways to create a new database:
 Creating a blank database
 Creating a database using templates
CREATING A BLANK DATABASE
 Open Microsoft Access 2010.
 You will find the Backstage View on the screen. By default, the New tab is selected.
 Click on the Blank database option present under the Available Templates category. The Blank
Database option facilitates you to create a database from scratch. This is a good option if you
have very specific design requirements or have existing data that you need to accommodate.
The Blank Database task pane appears on the right side that prompts you to create a file.

 Specify the file name in the File Name text box.

 If required, you can change the location of the file by next to the File Name box.
 Click on the Create button. This will create the database with an empty table named in
Datasheet View as shown in The table has an empty row and the cursor is placed in the first
empty cell in the Click to Add column. You will notice an asterisk (*)sign in the record selector
at the left end of this row, which indicates that it is ready to receive a new record.

38
  Access automatically creates the first field called ID. By default, this field is designated as the
table's primary key which contains an entry that will uniquely identify the record. The data type
of this field is set to the AutoNumber which means that Access will accept only numbers in this
field.
CREATING A DATABASE USING TEMPLATES
It is one of the easiest ways to create a database. Templates are ready-to-use database objects that
contain various types of tables, queries, forms, etc. They are needed to perform specific tasks and help
to speed up the database creation process.
 Start MS Access 2010. The Backstage View of Access appears on the screen.
 By default, the New tab is selected. Click on the Sample templates option under the
Available templates category.
 Select a template from the displayed list. Here, we have selected the Students template.

39
  On the right side of the Backstage view, Access displays the File Name box and below this box
it displays the default location where the database will be created. Change the file name as
desired.
 You can also save the database in a different folder by clicking on the Browse button placed
next to the File Name box.
 Click on the Create button Access creates the database and displays a table in Form View in
which you can begin to enter the data. It contains the fields which are relevant to the Students
List.
RULES FOR NAMING A FIELD
As you already know that a table has multiple fields and each field is unique to a table. Each field has
its own name and data type. The rules for naming a field are:
 Field name can range from 1 to 64 characters.
 Field name can include letters, numbers, and many special characters. Generally, a sign of
underscore (_) is used.
 Field name cannot start with a blank space.
 You can change the properties of a field name, i.e., storage size, format, and validation rule
by specifying certain characteristics in the Field Properties pane.

EDITING A WORKSHEET
Microsoft Excel is an application software used to perform mathematical calculations. After entering
data in worksheet, we may need to make some changes in it. We can add more data and edit its
contents. Editing worksheet involves changing cell contents, copying and moving data, and inserting or
deleting rows and columns.
ENTEREING NUMBERS As TEXT, DATE, AND TIME:
 To enter numbers as text, place apostrophe (') before the number. The digit will be treated as text.
 To enter date or time in a cell, type the number and click on the Enter button next to the
Formula Bar. Click on the Format drop-down button in the Cells group on the Home tab, and
select the Format Cells option. In Format Cells dialog box, select the Number tab.
 Click on the Date or Time in the Category list. Choose the type of format and click on OK.

 To enter date and time in a cell, separate the date and time with space.

40
CHANGING CELL CONTENTS
The characters and numbers typed in a worksheet, can be seen both in cell as well as in Formula Bar.
Enter the contents and press either the Enter key or the Enter button on Formula Bar to accept the
changes. When you type the new data into a cell, the two buttons – Cancel bar. Cell contents can be
modified in two ways:
 Replacing cell contents
 Using Edit mode

REPLACING CELL CONTENTS

 By default, you can edit the cell contents directly and replace them with a new entry. Open a
new worksheet and type the data
 Select the cell D6 whose content has to be changed.
 Now type 65 in that cell and press the Enter key.
 Note that the previous value 56 is replaced with 65.
 Similarly, try to change the contents of other cells.

We can also edit the cell contents in the following ways:

 To change the contents of a cell, select the cell and then click on Formula bar where you want
to insert characters. Now, make modifications in Formula bar.
 Turn on the Overtype mode by double-clicking the cell. Press the Insert key from the keyboard.
Start typing in the cell. The existing characters will get replaced with the new characters you
typed in.
 When the Overtype mode is turned on, the cursor changes to a thick blinking bar. The blinking
bar is visible only when you are in the Edit mode.
USING EDIT MODE
 Select the cell D6. Double-click inside the cell. The data is also displayed in Formula bar.
 The insertion point will blink within the cell.

41
  Note that the Edit mode is indicated on the left side of the Status bar. Position the pointer
at the desired place and change the contents.

 Press the enter key. The changes will be entered in the current cell.
 Notice the edit mode indicator changes to ready mode.
USING UNDO AND REDO FEATURE
 After making modifications in a cell, you may wish to cancel the changes and retrieve the
previous data. To undo the last action(s) performed, use the Undo button on the Quick Access
Toolbar.

USING UNDO BUTTON USING REDO BUTTON

 The Redo command is used to quickly reverse the last action(s) that you have done using Undo
command. Click on the Redo button on the Quick Access toolbar.
 You can use the shortcuts keys- ctrl+z for undo and ctrl+y for redo actions.

42
 Some actions cannot be undone, such as clicking any command on the file tab menu. If you
cannot undo an action, the undo button changes into can’t undo.
 Some actions, such as using a function in a cell cannot be repeated. If you cannot repeat the last
action, the redo button changes into can’t repeat.

INSERTING COLUMNS AND ROWS

You can insert blank cells, rows, or columns in a worksheet.
INSERTING A COLUMN
 To insert a single column, select the column or cell to the left of which a new column is to
be inserted.
 For example, select the column E. Click on the Insert drop-down arrow in the Cells group on
the Home tab and choose the Insert Sheet Columns option.

 Excel inserts blank column to the left of column E. The entries of column E will be shifted
to column.
COPYING AND MOVING DATA
Copying refers to duplicating data, i.e., text, numbers, formulae, either in the same worksheet or in a
different worksheet. Moving refers to changing the position of data either in the same worksheet or in a
different worksheet. Use Copy and Paste commands to copy the data, and use Cut and Paste
commands to move the data. These commands use Windows Clipboard.
COPYING AND PASTING DATA
 Select the cell or a range of cells, you want to copy.E.g.,B4:D4.
 Click on the Copy button in the Clipboard group. The moving dashed line will appear around
the selected cells.
 Select the cell F6 and click on the Paste button in the Clipboard group. The text will be
copied to the new location.

43
  If you want to paste the same data repeatedly, click on the Paste button again.
NOTE: To remove the moving border, after you finish copying, press the escape
key.

WORKING WITH TABLES

CREATING A TABLE
We know that tables are the basic building blocks of a database. Data is stored in a database by using
tables. You can add tables to an existing database in the following ways:
 Adding tables in Design View.
 Adding tables in Datasheet View.
ADDING TABLE IN DESIGN VIEW
Click on the Table Design button on the Create tab in the Tables group. A table will be created and
opened in Design View. In this view, the Object window consists of two panes. The first pane is called
the Field Entry pane and the other is called the Field Properties pane.

44
ADDING FILEDS IN DESING VIEW
 For each field in the table, type a name in the Field Name column, and then press the Tab key
to move to the Data Type column. By default, Text data type appears in this column. Specify
the data type..
 In the Description column, you can type a description for each field. The description text is
displayed on the Status bar when you select that field in Datasheet View.

 After defining all fields, save the table by clicking on the Save option in the File tab.
(Or)
 Select the Save icon present on the Quick Access Toolbar.
 The Save As dialog box appears. Type the required name and click on OK.
 Now, to add data in the table, switch to Datasheet View.
Adding Data in Datasheet View
 Click in the cell below the Roll No field. Enter the Roll number of the student, for example, 1
and then press either the Tab or Enter Key. You will notice that the control has shifted to the
next field.

45
DELETING A FIELD IN DESIGN VIEW
 Open a table.
 Select the row containing the field that you want to delete.
 Click on the Delete Rows button on the Design tab in the Tools group.

DELETING A FIELD IN DATASHEET VIEW

To delete a field, follow the steps given below:
 Select the field by clicking on its field header and press the Delete
key. (Or)
Right-click on the field and select the Delete Field option from the Context menu

46
  Access prompts a message to confirm deletion. Click Yes to confirm the deletion and No to
cancel the deletion.

MAKING CHANGES IN DATASHEET VIEW

MOVING A FIELD
 Open the table in Datasheet View. Select the field that you want to move by clicking on its
field header. Drag it horizontally and drop it at the desired location. While dragging, you will
find a dark line appearing between the fields. This indicates the position where the field will be
placed.

FREEZING A FIELD
Freezing a field in MS Access refers to making the selected field/column appear at the leftmost side in
a table and making it visible at all times irrespective of the directions you scroll.
To freeze column(s), follow the steps given below:
 Open the table in Datasheet View.
 Right-click on the column heading of the field that you want to freeze.
 Select the Freeze Fields option from the Context menu.

47
  You will observe that the selected column is shifted to the extreme left of the table.
 You can unfreeze the columns by right-clicking on any column heading and selecting
Unfreeze All Fields option from the Context menu.

HIDING A FIELD
MS Access provides a feature using which you can temporarily hide column(s). To hide field(s), follow
the given steps:
 Right-click on the column heading that you want to hide.
 Select the Hide Fields option from the Context menu.
 You will notice that the selected column is no more visible in the table.

48
UNHIDING THE HIDDEN FIELDS
The field(s) which you have hidden earlier can be brought back to the table.
Follow the steps given below to unhide the field(s):
 Right-click on any of the field headings. Select the Unhide Fields option from the Context menu.
 The Unhide Columns dialog box appears on the screen. It shows the names of all the fields
present in the table.

MOVING THROUGH RECORDS

Sometimes, while entering data in a table, you wish to move across the table (either to edit some data or
delete a record). Many times, you prefer to use a mouse to click on the Row selector button of a record

49
or simply select a field. Whenever there are a large number of records, it becomes difficult to navigate
through the table. Access provides the Navigation toolbar that appears at the bottom of a datasheet
which makes it convenient to move through the records. Various Navigation Toolbar options, as
depicted help to navigate through the table as follows:

NAVIGATION TOOLBAR

 Takes you to the First record.

 Moves to the Previous record.
 Type the Specific Record number to move to.
 Takes you to the Next record.
 Moves to the Last record.
 Go to a New (blank) record.

FORMULAS AND FUNCTIONS

Formulas are used to perform calculations involving addition, subtraction, division, and multiplication,
whereas, Functions are the pre-defined or inbuilt formulas that come with Excel. A formula establishes
a relationship between two or more cells. It is an expression that can include cell addresses, numbers,
arithmetic operators, and parenthesis. Using it, you can perform simple as well as complex
calculations.
A formula must begin with an equal to (=) symbol followed by cell references and operators. It may
contain a few or all of the below-mentioned elements:
References: A cell or a range of cells that you want to include in your calculation.
Operators : Symbols (+,,,^,%,$,#, etc.) that specify the operation to be performed.
Constants : Numbers or text values that do not change.
Functions : Pre-defined formulas in Excel.

50
CREATING A BASIC FORMULA
A basic formula involves only one type of operator in it. Let us use it to calculate the sum of the
numbers in B2, B3,..., B7 and display the result in B8..
Enter the data as shown in Figure

 Click on the cell B8 (where you want to display the result) and type 'sign.
 Click on the cell B2. A dashed border called marquee will appear around it. Its address will
appear in the cell B8 and in the Formula bar. This method of clicking on the cell to add its
reference to a formula is called Pointing. The Status bar will display the status of Point.
 Now type the '+'symbol.
 Repeat the above steps till B7 or type: =B2+B3+B4+B5+B6+B7 in B8. You will notice the
different coloured borders appearing around these cells.
 Press the Enter key. Cell B8 will display the total of all the values from B2 to B7.
USING COMPOUND FORMULA
Compound formulas are used when more than one operator is required to perform calculation. Let us
use it to calculate the Simple Interest by using the formula =PR T/100.
Enter the data as shown in Figure. Now follow the given steps:
 Click on the cell B6 and type'='
 Click on the cell B2. The cell address of B2 appears in the cell B6.
 Type the symbol cell B3.

51
  Again type the symbol in B6 and click on the cell B4. Now type the symbol'/' followed by
100 in the cell B6 and press the Enter key. The cell B6 displays the calculated Simple interest.
 Note that the result appears in the Figure 5.2: Using Compound Formula cell, but the actual
formula is visible on the Formula bar.
USING FORMULA ON TEXT
We can also perform addition on character and string data type. Except for addition, other operations
like subtraction, multiplication, division, etc., are not allowed on the string data type. The ampersand
symbol (&) is used to perform addition. Addition of two or more text values is called Concatenation.
Let us understand this with the help of an example:
 Enter any string type value in cell A1 and B1, say "Kips" in A1 and "India" in B1.
 Enter the formula =A1&B1 in cell C1 and press the Enter key.
 It will display Kips India in cell C1.

CELL RANGE
A range is a group of contiguous cells, which form the shape of a rectangle. It can be a group of two
cells or as big as an entire worksheet. You can specify a range by writing the starting cell address
followed by the ending cell address, both separated by a colon (:). For example, C1:C10 indicates a
range starting from cell C1 and ending with cell C10.
SELECTING A RANGE
52
  Click on the first cell in the range and while holding down the left mouse button, drag it to the
last cell. Or Click on the first cell and hold down the Shift key while you press the arrow keys
to extend the selection.
(Or)
 Select the first cell in the range and then press F8 to extend the selection by using the arrow
keys. To stop extending the selection, press F8 again.

USING A RANGE IN FORMULA

 Type the data as shown in Figure.
 click on the cell B8 and type the formula =SUM(B2:B7).
 Press the Enter key. The total will be displayed in the cell B8.
CELL REFERENCE AND ITS TYPES
The cell address that we use in the formula is known as the cell reference. For example, A1 where A
denotes the Column name and 1 denotes the Row number. With references, you can use the data from
different parts of the worksheet or different sheets of the workbook. There are three types of cell
references:
1. RELATIVE REFERENCE
When you create a formula, references to a cell or ranges are usually based on the position
relative to the cell. When you copy or move the formula to other cells, the reference to the cell
automatically gets changed. For example, the formula in A3, is =A1+A2. When you copy the formula
from A3 to B3, Excel automatically changes the reference to match the location of cells, i.e., B1 in
place of A1 and B2 in place of A2. Let us try it practically:

53
  Select the cell B8, in which formula =SUM(B2:B7) is written. Click on the Copy button.
 Select the cell C8 and click on the Paste button.
 Observe that the cell reference in C8 changes automatically from B2:B7 to C2:C7.
2. ABSOLUTE REFERENCE
Absolute reference is used when we do not want to change the address of the cell while
copying the formula to another cell. To use absolute reference in a cell, you need to add dollar ($) sign
before the column and the row number. For example =$A$1+$A$2.
Let us calculate the incentive at the rate of 10% on monthly sales:
 Type 10% in cell E11.
 Click on cell D2.
 Type=B2 $E$11 and press the Enter key.

54
  The cell D2 displays the value 100. The first cell address has no dollar sign, so it is relative
reference and the second cell address is absolute. Therefore when the cell content is copied, the
first one will change the reference in the new location but second will remain the same, i.e.,
$E$11.
 Now copy the total incentive amount for other cells by dragging the mouse pointer to the rest
of the cells when it changes to the (+) symbol.
3. MIXED REFERENCE
It is a combination of Relative and Absolute reference. In this type of reference, either
row or column has to remain fixed. $A1 + A$2 is an example of Mixed Reference. Let us calculate the
actual monthly expenses:
 Type 100 in cell E12. Click on the cell E2.

 You can calculate the Actual Expenses of other cells by dragging the mouse pointer to the
rest of the cells when it changes to the (+) symbol.

FUNCTIONS
 Functions are the pre-designed formulas in Excel to perform both simple and complex
calculations. Functions save time and eliminate the chance to write wrong formulas. They
accept Arguments and return Values.
 Arguments are the input values to functions upon which calculations are performed to find out
the final result. These values can be numbers, text, etc., and are enclosed within parenthesis.
 Functions begin with the equal to (=) sign followed by the function name and then the list of
arguments separated by comma within the parenthesis.
For example, =Function name (argument1, argument2. )
RULES TO ENTER A FUNCTION
 All Excel functions must begin with '=' sign.
 Function name must be a valid Excel name. For example, SUM, AVERAGE.
 Function name must be followed by an opening and closing parenthesis.
 Arguments are enclosed in the parenthesis. For example,
=SUM(A1:A5). Some more commonly used functions are given below:
55
 SNO FUNCTIONS PURPOSE
1. SUM(range) Gives the sum of a range
2. AVERAGE(range) Finds the average of a range
3. ODD(number) Returns the number off to nearest odd integer.
4. PRODUCT(range) Multiplies the values in a range of cells.
5. SQRT(number) Returns a square root.
6. POWER(number, power) Returns the result of a number raised to some power.

ADVANCE FEATURES IN ACCESS

In the previous chapter, you have studied about the basic features of MS Access like inserting and
deleting a field in design view and datasheet view. You have also learnt how to make changes in
datasheet view and to move through records. This chapter covers the advanced features of MS Access
such as doing Calculations in a database, Searching
Sorting, Filtering, and Importing data from another application.
CALCULATION IN A DATASHEET
 You can perform calculation in your datasheet as per your requirement. MS Access provides
you some options for doing calculations. Let us see this by considering the following example:
 In the Navigation Pane, double-click on the desired table. The table opens in the Datasheet
View automatically. Click on the Totals option in the Records group on the Home tab.

 This displays a new row named as Total. It appears on the next row of the last record of the
table as shown in Figure

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  Now select the field on which you want to perform the calculation. Here we have selected
the field 'Tuition Fee'.
 Select a function from the list. Here we have selected the Sum function.
 You will find the sum of all the values of the 'Tuition Fee' field appears on the screen.
SEARCHING IN A DATASHEET
 There are times when you require a particular data in your datasheet. It becomes very difficult
when you are not sure about its exact location. The Search box located at the bottom of the
Access window makes it easy to search.

 Enter a part or whole word, phrase, date, or number in the Search box, and press Enter Here
we have entered value 'Kabir' in the Search box.
 Access highlights the corresponding value in the first record that matches your search as
shown in Figure.
To find the next matching record, press Enter again, Access finds all records that match your search
criteria anywhere in your datasheet.
SORTING DATA WITHIN A TABLE
Sorting means arranging the data either in the ascending or descending order. The records in a table are
not stored in any particular order when they are entered into a table, We can sort data within a table
based on the values of a particular field. To sort the data, follow the steps given below:
 Select the field that you wish to sort.
 Click on the drop-down arrow of its field header.

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  Select either Sort Smallest to Largest or Sort Largest to Smallest option from the drop-down
list (if the field is numeric) or select the Sort A to Z or Sort Z to A option (if the field is
alphanumeric). Observe the change in the database.
 The sort buttons - Ascending or Descending on the Home tab in the Sort & Filter group are
another way to sort the data.
 To undo the sorting effect, click on the Remove Sort button on the Home tab in the Sort &
Filter group.
FILTERING IN A DATASHEET
Filtering in a datasheet implies displaying specific records while hiding rest of the records until the filter
effect is cleared. The steps to filter data in a datasheet are as follows:
 Click on the drop-down arrow present at the right of column header whose data you want to
filter.

 By default, Access selects all the check boxes under the Text Filters option. Click on the Select
All check box. All the selected check boxes will be deselected.
 Now select the items that you want to display in your datasheet. You can select as many items
as you want. Here we are selecting the names of only three students.

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  Click on OK. The filter icon will appear at the right of the column header. It indicates that
the column is filtered. If you point at the Filter icon, Access shows the filter criteria.
 When you filter data, the calculations in the Total row will change accordingly.
 You can remove the filter, by clicking on the Toggle Filter button in the Sort & Filter group
on the Home tab. You will observe that the datasheet is back to its original form.

USING EXCEL AS A DATABASE

A database is a collection of information related to a particular subject, such as maintaining addresses
and phone numbers, a list of library books, keeping students' record pertaining to academic and co-
curricular achievements, keeping employees' information, etc. It helps the users to organize, retrieve,
sort, and edit data as per their requirements.
Database consists of fields and records. In simple terms, records refer to rows, and fields refer to
columns in Excel.
 FIELD: A column within a database that contains only one type of data is called Field. For
example, Roll No., Name, Address are different fields.
 RECORD: A row in a database is called a Record, which consists of the information about one
person or one object. For example, in the given figure - Roll No., Name, English, Hindi, Maths,
Total, Per (%) of one student forms a record.
 FIELD NAME: It is a column label for the field in a database. All the field names appear in
one row. For example - Roll No., Name, English, Hindi, Maths, Total, Per (%) are the field
names in the given database.

USING A FORM TO ENTER DATA

A Form is a dialog box that provides an easy way to enter or display a complete row of information or
record. It has text boxes to enter data in fields, and command buttons to manipulate the data.

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Before adding a record in the form, the worksheet must have field names at the top of each column.
Microsoft Excel uses these field names to enter records in a form. A form has the following features:
 It displays one record at a time. It can be used to add new records and change the existing records.
 Any record can be deleted. It also helps to view the record, which matches the specified criteria.
In Microsoft Excel 2010, Forms option is hidden. To find Forms, click on the File tab > Options. The
Excel Options dialog box opens. Select the Quick Access Toolbar tab in the left pane.
 Click on the drop-down arrow of Choose commands from.

 Select Commands Not in the Ribbon option from the drop-down list. Select Form option from
the displayed list using scroll bar, and click on the Add button.
 Click on OK and you will find the Form button on the Quick Access Toolbar.
ADDING NEW RECORD IN A FORM
Using the data form, we can add a new record. Follow these steps to enter new Sheet records:
 Click on cell A2. Select the Form button on Quick Access Toolbar. The Sheet1 dialog box
appears. It contains the record of the first student in your database.
 To add a new record, click on the New button.
 Type information in the respective fields for the new record.

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  Click on the Close button to close the data form.
 The new record will be visible at the end of the database.
 You can move to the previous or next record by clicking on the Find Prev and Find Next
buttons respectively.
SEARCHING A RECORD
It is used to search the records with specific values.
 Click on cell A2.Select the form button on quick access toolbar. The sheet1 dialog box appears.
 Select the Criteria button in the Sheet1 dialog box. Criteria will be displayed in the upper
right corner of Sheet1 dialog box.

 Type the data that you want to search in the appropriate field. Type 104 in Roll No: text box
and press the Enter key.
 If the record exists and matches the given value for that field, it will be displayed. Otherwise,
the first record will be displayed.
SORTING DATA
Sorting means arranging data either in an ascending or descending order. In a worksheet data can be
sorted in rows on the basis of text, numbers, combination of text and members or dates. Once the data
is organized, it becomes easy to work with.
Follow these steps to sort the given data:
 Open any worksheet and select the data that you want to sort.
 Click on any cell, say B2. Now select the Sort button in the Sort & Filter group on the Data
tab. The entire database will be selected and the Sort dialog box appears.
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  Select the field column on the basis of which you want to sort from the Sort by drop-down list.
For example, select the Name field.

 Select the Values option from the Sort On drop-down list. Select the Sorting Figure 6.5: Sort
Dialog Box Order from the Order drop-down list. By default A to Z option is selected. Select
Z to A option from the drop-down list.
 You can check the My data has headers checkbox to exclude the first row containing the
column headings of your data from sorting. Otherwise clear the checkbox to include the first
row headings in sorting.
 Click on OK. The database will be arranged in descending order on the basis of 'Name' column.
You can also sort by more than one column. For example, after sorting by Name, you want to arrange
the list by Roll No. To sort by more than one column, follow the given steps.
 Click on the Add Level button in the Sort dialog box. A new level gets added below the first
level.
 Mention the column name as Roll No in the Then by drop-down list and order of sorting as
Largest to Smallest in the Order drop-down list in the new level. Click on OK.

QUERIES
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 The database of any organization can contain huge amount of data. Moreover, it may consist of
multiple tables. When the number of records in a table increases, it becomes an uphill task for any user
to extract specific records from that table. MS Access provides you a solution for this problem through
queries.
A Query is a database object that helps you to retrieve and view information from one or more
database tables that meet a specific condition or criteria you define. The information retrieved on the
basis of specified criteria in the query is stored in a separate table called the Query table.
WHAT IS A QUERY?
A Query is like a simple question that you ask to find specific information from the database. You can
use queries to view, change, summarise, and analyse specific data in different ways.
In our daily life, we make several types of queries to get specific information. For example: Which
students are scoring above 85% marks? Which students live in Sector- 4, Chandigarh? And so on...
You can make quick decisions depending on that criteria.
Example In the Student's Information table, you have records of class Xill as well as class X students.
Suppose, you want to extract the records of only class XII students, or the records of class X students
scoring more than 90 marks, you can find this with the help of Queries.

Queries are made on tables and the result of a query is also displayed in the form of a table. The result
which you get is a group of rows and columns with the set of records that matches the given condition.
MS Access provides various types of queries. Select, Parameter, Crosstab, Action query, and SQL
query.
SETTING A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TABLES
 To enable a query with more than one table to return meaningful results, the two tables must be
linked by a relationship.
 To create a relationship, make two tables one with the name Students table that holds
information about students such as Roll No., Names, Class, Address, and City and the other
table with the name Maths table that holds the information about the students Roll No., Marks,
Percentage and Grade in Maths. Open one of them in Datasheet View.
 Click on the Database Tools tab.
 On the Ribbon, click on the Relationships button from the Relationships group.

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  The Show Table dialog box appears. Select the required table and click on the Add button to
add it in the Relationships window. Likewise, add more tables to the Relationships window.
 Click on the Close button to close the Show Table dialog box.

 Drag the Primary key of the parent table (e.g., Students Table) and drop it over the same field
in the child t (e.g., Maths Table).
 The Edit Relationships dialog box appears.
 Click on the Create button. Access creates the relationship between th tables.
 A line linking the two tables will appear indicating that both have been linked.
 Click on the Save button on the Quick Access Toolbar to save the relationship.

SPECIFYING SIMPLE CRITERIA

 Criteria is specified in the Criteria row of the Design Grid. Specify the criteria value in the
Criteria row and the data will be filtered accordingly in the query output.
 Let us understand it with the help of the given example:

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 Open the query from the Navigation Pane that you want to modify.
 Now, click on the View drop-down button on the Home tab.
 Select the Design View option from the menu.
 The query opens in Design View as shown in Figure
 Now to view the records of Class XII, double-click on the Address field and Class field in
the field list.

 Move the cursor to the Criteria row and type the criteria =12 in Class field column.
 Click on the Sort property in the Address column and set it in the Ascending order.
 Click on the Close button of the query window to save the query. A dialog box will appear,
asking you to save the query. Click on Yes to save the query.
 In the Navigation Pane, double-click on the query name to view the query output.

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 FORMS
In general, a form is a printed, digital, or typed document with blank spaces for insertion of the
required requested information. Likewise, Access provides Forms, which prompt the user to provide
information that can be fed into the database. Forms allow you to add and update data in one record at
a time in a table.
Although Access provides a Datasheet View, which is a convenient way for entering data but it is not
an appropriate tool for every data entry scenario. Sometimes, when you work with different users and
do not want to expose the inner working of Access, you may choose to use Access forms.
Creating forms for your database can make entering data much more convenient. You can design the
form, according to your requirements. Although a Form can have a different name from a table but
they both manipulate the same information and data. If you change a record in a form, it will be
reflected in the table. Forms in Access are like display cases in stores that make it easier to view or get
the items that you want. Data can be inserted, updated and deleted in your database using a Form
object.
Access provides three main views in which a form is displayed.
FORM VIEW: This view is used to enter or edit data.
DESIGN VIEW: This view is used to adjust the design of your form. It gives you a more detailed view
of the structure of form like Header, Detail, and Footer sections for form.
LAYOUT VIEW: This view is used to change the look and feel of a form. It is useful for setting the
size of controls and changing their appearance.
CREATING NEW FORM IN ACCESS USING FORM WIZARD
 The Form Wizard is an in-built feature in Microsoft Access, which makes the form creation
easy and fast. You can use the Form Wizard than the other provided tools to have more control
over a form.
 To create a Form through 'Form Wizard, follow the steps given below:
 Select the Students table from the Navigation Pane, click on the Create tab on the Ribbon.
 Click on the Form Wizard option in the Forms group.

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Step 1: The Form Wizard dialog box appears on the screen. Select the table or query on which form is
to be created from the Tables/Queries drop-down box. Here, we have selected the Table Students
Step 2: Select the fields in the Available Fields category that serve as the data source for your form.
Transfer all the fields or selected fields from the Available Fields box to Selected Fields box by
clicking on the corresponding buttons respectively. Click on the Next button.

Step 3: In the next window, Form Wizard will be asking you to choose a Layout for your form. As you
select any option, from the provided four options, the preview of it appears in the box on the left side.
Here, we have selected the Columnar layout. Click on the Next button to move to the next screen.
Step 4: In the next screen, give a desired name to your form. Make sure that Open the form to view or
enter information radio button is selected.

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Click on the Finish button and the new form will appear in Access workspace as shown in Figure

REPORTS
A report is a summary of your database. It is an effective way to organize and summarise data for
viewing and printing. It consists of information obtained from tables or queries, and presented as per
the user's requirements. Reports are generally prepared and presented in hard copy if you need to share
information from your database with someone but do not want that person to actually work with your
database. Reports also provide the facility to group and sort the items, thus making it much more
readable.
UNDERSTANDING THE REPORT SECTIONS
In Access, a report is made up of the following sections:
REPORT HEADER: This section contains the information that generally appears on a cover page, such
as a logo, a title, or a date. It appears at the top of each page in a report.
PAGE HEADER: Page header contains the information that is to be displayed at the top of the report.
DETAIL: This is where you place the controls that make up the main body of the report. It displays the
records and appears between page header and page footer.
PAGE FOOTER: This section is printed at the end of every page. Page footer is used to print the page
number or total number of pages.
REPORT FOOTER: Report footer prints report totals or other information for the entire report. It appears
on the last page of the report and displays the summary of the entire report.

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CREATING REPORT USING REPORT WIZARD
A report can be created in the same way as we have created a form. The only difference is that after
selecting the Create tab, you have to click on the Report button in the Reports group. Access creates a
report and displays all the fields of the selected table in the report. Let us have a look that how the
Report Wizard walks you through the steps of creating a Report.
Step 1: Click on the Create tab and select the Report Wizard button in the Reports group. The Report
Wizard window appears.
Step 2: Click on the Tables/Queries drop-down arrow. Select the table that you want to display in the
report. Here, we are selecting the table named, Students.

Step 3:click on double arrow button to move all the fields to the selected fields Area or click on the
single arrow in order to move selected fields one by one.
The figure displays the functioning of the single arrow. Now, click on the next button.

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Step 4: The Report Wizard displays the next screen asking you to add any grouping level in the Report.
Click on the Next button.

Step 5: On the next screen, select the field, using which you want to sort the record. Here, we have
selected the RollNo field. You will find that the sorting order box gets active automatically. Select the
sorting order by clicking on the box and click on the Next button.

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Step 6: Choose a layout for the Report from the displayed options in the Layout section. Select the
Orientation either Portrait or Landscape as per your requirement. Now, click on the Next button.
Step 7: Now, Report Wizard prompts you to assign a suitable Name/Title for your report. Type the title
for your Report and click on the Finish button. Access displays the preview of your Report as shown in
Figure,
Step 8: The Report Name will be displayed in the Navigation Pane.

ADVANCE FEATURES OF EXCEL

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A Chart is an effective way to display data in pictorial form. Charts make it easier to draw a
comparison and analyze the growth, relationship, and trends among the values in a range. Charts
provide more accurate analysis of information.
When you insert a chart, the data is displayed in a special window called Datasheet. Chart is updated
automatically with the change in data,
COMPONENTS OF A CHART
The various components of a chart are shown in Figure

1. CHART AREA: The chart area includes all the objects and the elements in a chart.
2. CATEGORY AXIS: Category axis or X-axis
is the horizontal axis of a chart.
3. VALUE AXIS: Value axis or Y-axis is the vertical axis used to plot the values.
4. DATA SERIES: Data series are the bars, slices, or other elements that represent the data values.
5. AXES TITLES: These are the headings given to X-axis and Y-axis. The titles help in
understanding what is being depicted on the axes.
6. PLOT AREA: The Plot area is a window within a Chart area. It contains the actual chart and
includes the plotted data, data series, category and value axis.
7. LEGEND: It depicts the colours, patterns, and symbols assigned to a data series.
8. CHART TITLE: It describes the aim and contents of the chart.
9. GRIDLINES: These can either be Horizontal or Vertical lines depending on the selected chart type.
They extend across the plot area of the chart. Gridlines make it easier to read and understand the
values.
COMMONLY USED CHART TYPES
Different types of charts are available in Excel. Some of the most commonly used charts are:
 Column Chart
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  Bar Chart
 Line Chart
 Pie Chart
COLUMN: A column chart is a commonly used chart type to display data in the form of vertical bars.
It is used to show changes in data over a period of time or comparisons among different data items. In
a column chart, categories are organized along the horizontal axis and values along the vertical axis.
BAR: This chart displays data in the form of long rectangular rods, also called bars, that are placed
horizontally on the Chart area. A bar chart illustrates comparisons amongst the individual items. In this
type of chart, categories are represented on the vertical axis and values are represented on the
horizontal axis.
LINE: This chart is in the form of lines. It is very similar to plotting a graph on a graph paper with its
values on the X and Y-axis. A line chart uses connecting dots to display trends in data over a period of
time.
PIE: This chart displays data in the form of a circle that makes up a data series to the sum of items. It
always shows only one data series and is useful when you want to emphasize on a significant element.
CREATING A CHART
It is quite simple to create a chart in Excel. Follow these steps to create a chart:
 Create a new worksheet with the data as shown in Figure.
 Select the range (A2:B7) including column titles and row labels to be displayed in the chart.
 Click on the Insert tab and go to the Charts group.

 Select the desired chart category, for example, Column and select the suitable chart sub-type
(for example, "Clustered" column) from the displayed choices. The chart appears on your
worksheet.
 The three tabs named Design, Layout, and Format appear under the Chart Tools category on
the Ribbon. These tabs contain options for editing and formatting the chart.
 Select the desired layout from the Chart Layouts group on the Design tab and observe the
changes. You can also click the More drop-down arrow in the Chart Layouts group to see all
the available layouts.

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  Go to the Chart Styles group. Click on the More button to view all styles, and click on the
desired style that you want to use. Observe the change. All the titles, data labels, legend details
mentioned in the selected data range will be displayed in the chart.
 If the selected range has no details about titles, labels, etc., we can insert these in the chart by
going to the Layout tab and clicking on the desired button.
 To change the data range of your chart, right-click on the chart and click the Select Data from
the Shortcut menu. The Select Data Source dialog box appears. Click on OK after making the
desired changes.
ADDING A CHART TITLE
 Click on the chart and follow the given steps:
 Click on the Layout tab and select the Chart Title option in the Labels group.
 A list of options regarding the placement of chart title appears as shown in Figure
 Click on the Centered Overlay Title or Above Chart option.
 A Chart Title text box appears. Type the text in it. After typing the title, click outside the
chart. Likewise, you can add Axes Titles to the chart in the Layout tab.
FORMATTING A CHART
Formatting improves the appearance of a chart. We can format a chart by [ adding title, changing text,
font, line colour, width, border style, legends, data series, and so on. We can also change the numbers
on value axis, hide or show gridlines, etc.
CHANGING BACKGROUNDS, COLOURS, AND PATTERNS
We can modify a chart by changing its colour, pattern, and background.
 Right-click on the Plot Area and select the Format Plot Area option. The Format Plot Area
dialog box appears.
 Select a suitable 'Border Style', 'Border Color', 'Shadow', etc., as per your choice.
 Click on the Fill tab and select the Solid fill radio button.
 Select the Color button and choose the desired colour from the drop-down menu.

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 Click on the Close button and observe the change.

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EHICS AND SAFETY MEASURES IN COMPUTING
Ethics is a set of moral principles that governs the behaviour of a group or an individual. Similarly,
Computing Ethics is a set of procedures, moral principles, and ethical practices that regulates the use of
computer. It focuses on ethica implementation and use of computing resources and includes new issues
that are raised by new technologies. basically aims at encouraging IT users to be responsible in order to
utilise the technology tools judiciously, respect views of others, and acknowledge the rights and
properties of people on the Internet.
Some of the common ethical guidelines which should be followed while using a computer are given
below:
 Do not use computer technology to cause disruption or interference in other users' work.
 Do not spy on another person's computer data.
 Do not use computer technology to steal information.
 Do not contribute to the spread of wrong information using computer technology.
 Avoid buying pirated software. Pay for software unless it is free.
 Do not use someone else's computer resources without an authorization.
 It is wrong to claim ownership on a work, which is the output of someone else's intellect.
 Before developing a software, think about the social impact it can have.
 Be respectful and courteous with the fellow members while communicating on the
Internet. UNETHICAL PRACTICES
In the coming section, we will discuss some of the common unethical practices which are prevalent in
the society.
PLAGIARISM
Plagiarism is the usage or imitation of the language and thoughts of another person projected as
one's own original work. It is considered a crime or fraudulent act.
The Merriam-Webster Dictionary describes 'plagiarism' as follows:
 To steal and pass off (ideas or words of another) as one's own. To use (another's
production), without crediting the source.
 To commit literary theft.
 To present as new and original, an idea or product derived from an existing source.
International Copyright Laws also state that, "expression of original ideas is considered as Intellectual
Property is protected by copyright laws", just like original inventions. Almost all forms of expressions
fall under the copy protection as long as they are recorded in some manner (such as a book or a
computer file).
Plagiarism has become very easy with technological advances, like Web Searching and Copy/Paste
options. critics have linked carelessness, laziness, lack of interest, and arrogance as the major reasons
of Plagiarism.
STEPS TO PREVENT PLAGIARISM
The simplest way to prevent plagiarism is the 'Citation'. Acknowledging the original writer and the
source from where the material has been taken is called 'Citation'. It includes the following steps:
 All sources are neither accurate, nor they validate the information as accurate. Therefore, one
must specify the source, which informs readers regarding the basis of one's ideas and the extent
of one's research. Citation gives strength to your resource.

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  To avoid plagiarism, one can rephrase the material.
 Use quotation marks around all the quoted words of another person to avoid plagiarism.
 In the education sector, students should be encouraged to present their original and innovative
ideas. Even if they wish to refer to the resources, they should be made aware of the pattern of
references. In this manner, plagiarism can be avoided and students can be motivated to work
hard and bring out their originality.
HACKING
Hacking refers to an illegal intrusion into a computer system or network. Hackers are highly technical
people who secretly break into computers to steal important data or sometimes to destroy it. Hackers
not only steal important data but also hack applications and websites to change program logics.
Hackers usually tamper with data for unethical purposes, just for an obsession to break the system
securities. Although hacking is done without any consent from the user, yet it is not always destructive.
Hacking which is done for a good cause, such as national security, etc., is known as Ethical hacking.
There is an equivalent term to hacking, i.e., cracking. Crackers are technical people, who are experts in
breaking into systems, to steal important data, such as financial details, or passwords, etc. Sometimes
they use keyloggers for this purpose. Crackers also cause harm to computers by destroying data. Apart
from this, they disturb applications by spreading malwares, changing program logics, and outputs.
STEPS TO PREVENT HACKING
 Keep your passwords secret and change them periodically.
 Update your operating systems and other software, like antivirus, frequently.
 Avoid using open Wi-Fi as it makes easy for hackers to steal the information and download in
appropriate content.
 Always make use of secure websites by looking at the green lock sign or https on the address
bar. This ensures that the sensitive data, which is passed from your device, is encrypted,
making it difficult for the hacker to decipher the information.
 Always check permissions and authenticity on the apps before installing them. You should also
ensure that the apps are not accessing unnecessary information. For example, a drawing app
should not have access to your contacts list or your network information.
 Never store your credit card information on a website.
CYBERCRIME
A Cybercrime is any illegal activity done through Internet e.g., identity theft; where. somebody can
steal your e-mail id or password and use it to send fake e-mails to people containing false information
about the product or winning a lottery, etc. Then there are credit card account thefts, Internet frauds
like, ordering goods in your name, extracting the mobile phone contacts etc., forgery i.e., imitating
documents, currency and objects of other people with bad intentions, harassing others and mischief
mongering. 35 9007by sending threatening messages, all of which come under the jurisdiction of
Indian Penal Code (IPC).
Cybercrimes can be divided into three main categories:
 Crime against an Individual person
 Crime against property
 Crime against an organization/society
SAFETY MEASURES WHILE USING COMPUTER AND INTERNET
 Let us look at the various safety measures which should be undertaken while using computer
or Internet: Minors should always surf Internet under the supervision of their parents.
 Parents should decide and suggest age appropriate websites to their children.

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  To minimize the chances of the attack of hackers and crackers, one should use strong
passwords. A strong password consists of at least six characters (more the characters, the
stronger the password) that are a combination of letters, numbers and symbols (@, #, $, %,
etc.), if allowed.
 To avoid losing data privacy while transmitting the data from one site to another, encryption
can be implemented. Encryption is the process of transforming data into an unreadable code.
The result is an encrypted file, which is transferred over the network. At the receiving end it
undergoes a process called Decryption, which converts the encrypted information into
readable form.
 Set up your computer for automatic software and operating system updates to make your
system robust. Taking regular data backup is the primary and the most reliable method of data
protection.
 Ignore unwanted and strange e-mails and be cautious of attachments, links, and forms in e-
mails that come from unknown people.
 Make use of Firewalls. Firewall is a security system that prevents unauthorized people to
access your system and network. It can be either hardware or software or a combination of
both. It is implemented on the gateway of a network and follows a specific set of rules defined
by the user or the network administrator. Based on these rules, it controls the incoming and
outgoing network traffic.
 Computer Ethics is a set of procedures, moral principles, and ethical practices that regulates
the use of computer.
 Plagiarism is the usage or imitation of the language and thoughts of another person and
projected as one's own original work.
 Cyberbullying is an act of harming, harassing, or targeting a person by another person using
Internet, in a deliberate manner.
 Phishing is an act of sending an e-mail to a user, misleading him to believe that it is from a
trusted person or organization.
 Hacking refers to an illegal intrusion into a computer system or network.
 Spam are unwanted bulk e-mails that come from strange sources.
 The right to privacy may be defined as the claim of individuals, groups, or institutions to
determine when, how, and to what extent the information about them could be communicated
to others.
 When software is copied and distributed illegally, it is called Software Piracy.
 A Cybercrime is any illegal activity done through Internet e.g., identity theft; where somebody
can steal your e-mail id or password and use it to send mails to people containing false
information about product winning lottery, etc.

PROGRAMMING IN SCRATCH
In the previous class, you have learnt about the different actions a sprite can perform on the Scratch
stage. You have also learnt how to change the background, colour, direction, costume, etc. of a sprite.
In this lesson, you will learn How to perform various mathematical operations like addition,
subtraction, multiplication, division, and apply conditions to get the solution to a problem.
SENSING INPUT AND ITS EXECUTION
The Sensing block palette has light blue colour coded blocks, which are used to sense the keyboard
input while ask What's your name? and wait block prompts the user to type input using the keyboard
executing the Script. The and answer block stores the keyboard input. The question appears in a voice

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bubble on the screen. The program waits until the user types in its response by either pressing the
Enter key or

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clicking the check mark. Let us create a small block stack by using the Sensing instructions and execute
it.
 Delete the Cat sprite from the stage.
 Click on the Choose sprite from library button when The Sprite Library dialog box will open.
Select the Kai sprite from the People group and click on OK. Choose the appropriate Costume,
Kai-b for the sprite.
 Now, select the Stage thumbnail on the bottom left and click on the Choose backdrop from
library button Import the school1 background on the stage.
 Create the script on Kai sprite by dragging and placing the three blocks
 The ask Where should I go? and wait block enables the user to type input with the help of a
keyboard

 Drag and place the answer block on the text field of the say Hello! for 2 secs block. Click on
the green flag button.
 The message 'Where should I go?' gets displayed on the stage along with a text box.
 Type he answer 'To my friend's place' in the text box. Press the Enter key or click on the
check mark seconds.
 The answer "To my friend's place" will be shown in the voice bubble on the stage for the
specified number of

USING MATHEMATICAL OPERATORS IN SCRATCH

Blocks in the Operators block category are used to solve mathematical equations. These blocks are
light green colour coded and round in shape. These blocks can easily be placed in the value box of any
other block. Let us perform calculations in a Scratch.

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  Open a new file in Scratch window. Delete the default Cat sprite. Click on the Choose sprite
from library button. Select the category Animals from the Sprite Library dialog box.
 Select the Duck sprite from the options and click on OK.
 Drag the when clicked block from the Events block category under the Scripts tab and place it
in the Script area

 Pull the say Hello! For 2 sec say Hello blocks from the Looks block category and snap them
together underneath block.
 Type the text and numbers inside the block
 Click on any block to run the script and observe the sprite calculating the given numbers.
 Change the numbers and observe the sprite displaying change in the result.
 Similarly, you can use other blocks from the Operators block category to perform subtraction(-
), multiplication (*), and division(/)
GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS

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We can also generate a random number from a specified range by using the pick random to Operators
block category. Let us see how the sprite itself chooses random numbers with the help of this block.
 Place the blocks in the Script area as shown in Figure and change the values.
 Click on the block and you will see the sprite speaking random numbers between 1 to 50.

INTERNET SERVICES AND CYBER THREATS

The booming technologies of the modern age have made our life much easier and more connected
across the globe via interconnected networks. Although the networks of today have provided great
opportunities in almost all spheres, still there are various types of challenges and threats associated
with them, about which we should remain cautious.
In this chapter, we will give a brief introduction to several Internet services like E-mail, Online
chatting, Video conferencing, E-learning, Social networking, etc. and the various threats associated
with the use of the Internet.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF INTERNET
ADVANTAGES
 Powerful search engines, like Google and Yahoo, facilitate finding information on almost every
subject.
 People can connect with each other in an easy and inexpensive way. Through social networking
and discussion boards, one can find persons who have similar interests. E-mail, Skype, and
Facebook are just a few examples of service providers that bring the world closer.
 A handful of online services that enable people to carry out their tasks while sitting at home
such as e-banking, e-reservation, e-shopping, etc.
 Internet provides the facility to share information with many users simultaneously in an easy
manner.
DISADVANTAGES
 Sharing of information over the Internet is not fully secure, especially when it involves
sensitive information, such as credit/debit card details, passwords, etc. Moreover, the
information you find on the Internet is also not always correct and accurate.

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  Computers connected through the Internet are prone to virus attacks. This slows down the
system and can result in the loss of user's important data.
 Hackers attack computer systems on a network for monetary gains. They steal and transfer
money from various bank accounts to their own. To steal information
 Cybercrimes such as child abuse, forgery, phishing, pharming, etc. are growing day-by-
day. POPULAR INTERNET SERVICES
E-MAIL
E-mail is an economical mode of communication. It facilitates sending the messages and files, such as
pictures, songs, videos, etc. to multiple people at the same time.
ONLINE CHATTING
Chat is a more personalized form of communication and is live! This amazing way of communication
allows users to send instant messages back and forth to each other. You can also interact with other
users through voice and video chats. Chatting on the Internet can take place via instant messenger, chat
websites, chat rooms, etc. Some of the popular chat software are:
I. Google Hangout
II. Windows live messenger
III. Skype

VIDEO CONFERENCING
A Video Conference can be described as a phone call with pictures that allows multiple people, sitting
at geographically different locations, to communicate by exchanging video and audio at the same time.
It is the best option to have face-to- face interaction in real time. This technology is mainly used for
ritual meetings among a group of people to discuss political, business, medical, social affairs, or any
other agenda.
E-LEARNING
E-Learning means "Electronic Learning". It refers to learning with the use of technology that enables
people to learn anytime or anywhere. It is less expensive than traditional learning and can be used to
impart training to a large group of students at the same time in an interactive and interesting manner.
Thus, it saves time and reduces the need for costly classroom-based training. We can also download
study material from universities which may incorporate various types of media like audio, text, virtual
environments, video, and animation.
E-COMMERCE
E-Commerce stands for Electronic Commerce, which means online commercial activities. Internet
offers us convenient ways to shop from our homes or offices for almost everything, such as
air/rail/movie tickets, clothes, electronic items, books, gifts, etc. We can buy or sell new or second-
hand goods also. This process of selling and buying products over the Internet is called online
shopping. Both products and services can be purchased through online shopping sites. One of the
largest portals for selling and buying books is www.amazon.com.
Some useful sites for E-shopping are:
 www.ebay.in
 www.homeshop18.com
E-GROUPS
An e-group (electronic group) is a virtual meeting place for individuals who share the same interests. It
provides a platform for people to share information on topics of their interests, messages, and photo
albums. An e-group typically contains a discussion/message board where members can discuss topics
of their choice by posting a message. All the other members of this group can view or reply to this

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post.

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SOCIAL NETWORKING
A Social Networking Site is an online platform that focuses on facilitating the building of social
networks or social relations among people who share interests, activities, backgrounds, or real-life
connections, etc. Social networking can be done for social purposes, business purposes, or both. Social
Networking Sites are also called Social media. Some major social networking sites in use are:
 Facebok-www.facebook.com.
 Twitter- www.twitter.com
 Linked in- www.linkedin.com
INTEERNET T.V
Internet TV can be defined as a medium of delivering television content over an internet connection. It
is available wherever a broadband connection exists. Internet TV is also known as web television. It is
more like a replacement for cable TV with similar offerings and fee. Internet TV options include web-
based shows, video on demand (VOD), and regular television shows hosted on the channel's website.
You can watch Internet TV anytime on a computer screen, TV screen, or a mobile phone by searching
and retrieving the programs of your choice. Some of the popular service providers of Internet TV are:
Netflix, Hotstar, and Sony LIV.
INTERNET RADIO
Internet Radio, as the name suggests, is an online radio service that is broadcasted over the internet on
dedicated radio servers. It is broadcasted in much the same way as traditional radio with regard to its
presentation and format. Internet radio has been in existence since the late 1990s. Unlike the traditional
radio station, which has its broadcasting limitation (typically up to 100 miles), Internet radio has no
limitation. It is capable of broadcasting graphics, text, and links with audio, thus serving all the senses
of the listeners. Some of the popular Internet radio services are Vividh Bharti, Radio Mirchi, and
Pando

CHAPTER 6: RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS OF THE MINI PROJECT

The study provided evidence to respond to the research topic which states:
 The role of community service project is a higher education to the students with specific
reference to advantage to the students, community aspects and motivation to the
students.
 It showed that the students computer awareness and interaction with the students with
computer related courses, mostly have had exposure to computer tools when they first come
to the college level. Yet, they are highly motivated to acquire the required skills and use them
when needed.
 Thus, a every college strategy to utilize this opportunity and
provide computer literacy to all its students will bear much fruit.
 The study showed that off campus access remains problematic and,
unless special provisions are made to compensate for this lack of
access, advantage students’ full academic potential will remain
unrealized.
 The remedy is in the domain of the community awareness of the students
management, which needs to ensure that compensatory measures are in
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place

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 and that its computer facilities are available to all students 24 hours a day and 7 days
week and that its computer facilities are available to all students 24 hours a day and 7 days
a week.

 This implies looking for unique solutions that are relevant to the advantage situation.
 The fundamental prerequisite for academic achievement, however, was
not found to be more access, essential as it may be, but is rather seen in
the careful integration of community awareness programmes into
academic programs.
 The study showed that it is not the length of use of computer tools, such
as computers and the Internet, that make a difference, but it is in the
manner that they are used.
 In other words, only when these tools are used through an academic
program, such as emails to a lecturer, in order to exchange course-
related information, that academic performance is positively affected.
 Thus, the community awareness needs to formulate a comprehensive strategy that
would engage all of its key players in the academic community, management and
students to take an active part in bringing about the required transformation.
 The main goal of such a strategy would be to encourage an increase in the
integration of technology, in its manifold aspects, in the teaching and
learning practices of the community computer awareness programmes.

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 Student Self-Evaluation for the Community Service Project
Student Name: K.Doondi
Registration No: K3221005
Period of CSP: 2 months(200 hours)
From:25-09-2023 To:11-11-2023
Date of Evaluation :
Name of the Person in-charge : K.Sri lakshmi
Address & Phone no:

Please rate your performance in the following areas:

Rating Scale: 1 is lowest and 5 is highest rank

1) Oral communication 1 2 3 4 5

2) Written communication 1 2 3 4 5

3) Proactiveness 1 2 3 4 5

4) Interaction ability with community 1 2 3 4 5

5) Positive Attitude 1 2 3 4 5

6) Self-confidence 1 2 3 4 5

7) Ability to learn 1 2 3 4 5

8) Work Plan and organization 1 2 3 4 5

9) Professionalism 1 2 3 4 5

10) Creativity 1 2 3 4 5

11) Quality of work done 1 2 3 4 5

12) Time Management 1 2 3 4 5

13) Understanding the Community 1 2 3 4 5

14) Achievement of Desired Outcomes 1 2 3 4 5

15) OVERALL PERFORMANCE 1 2 3 4 5

Date: Signature of the student

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 Evaluation by the Person in-charge in the Community/Habitation
Student Name: K.Doondi
Registration No: K3221005Period of CSP: 2 months(200
hours) From:25-09-2023 To: 11-11-2023
Date of Evaluation :
Name of the Person in-charge :K.Sri lakshmi
Address & Phone no:

Please rate the student’s performance in the following areas:

Please note that your evaluation shall be done independent of the Student’s self-

evaluation Rating Scale: 1 is lowest and 5 is highest rank

1) Oral communication 1 2 3 4 5

2) Written communication 1 2 3 4 5

3) Proactiveness 1 2 3 4 5

4) Interaction ability with community 1 2 3 4 5

5) Positive Attitude 1 2 3 4 5

6) Self-confidence 1 2 3 4 5

7) Ability to learn 1 2 3 4 5

8) Work Plan and organization 1 2 3 4 5

9) Professionalism 1 2 3 4 5

10) Creativity 1 2 3 4 5

11) Quality of work done 1 2 3 4 5

12) Time Management 1 2 3 4 5

13) Understanding the Community 1 2 3 4 5

14) Achievement of Desired Outcomes 1 2 3 4 5

15) OVERALL PERFORMANCE 1 2 3 4 5

Date: Signature of the Supervisor

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PHOTOS AND VIDEO LINKS

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VIDEO LINK:
https://res.cloudinary.com/dy6kog5ja/video/upload/v1699770944/InShot_20231112_120151376_
n4rlgo.mp4

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