2

1 A student has a measuring cylinder containing water and also has a balance.

Which of these could she use to find the volume of a small metal sphere?

She has no other apparatus.

A either the measuring cylinder containing water or the balance

B the measuring cylinder containing water only
C the balance only
D neither the measuring cylinder nor the balance

2 A ball hits a bat with a velocity of 30 m / s, and leaves the bat travelling with a velocity of 20 m / s in
the opposite direction. The ball is in contact with the bat for 0.10 s.

What is the magnitude of the acceleration of the ball whilst it is in contact with the bat?

A 1.0 m / s2 B 5.0 m / s2 C 100 m / s2 D 500 m / s2

3 A train begins a journey from a station and travels 60 km in a time of 20 minutes.

What is the average speed of the train?

A 3.0 m / s B 5.0 m / s C 50 m / s D 60 m / s

4 Which statement about mass is correct?

A A mass of 10 kg weighs 1 N near the Earth’s surface.

B Mass is a gravitational force.
C Mass increases when the gravitational field strength increases.
D The greater the mass of a body, the more it resists a change in its motion.

5 A small bottle has a mass of 20 g when empty. The volume of the bottle is 10 cm3.

When full of liquid, the total mass is 150 g.

What is the density of the liquid?

A 0.50 g / cm3 B 2.0 g / cm3 C 13 g / cm3 D 15 g / cm3

6 An object of mass 0.80 kg is moving in a straight line at a velocity of 2.0 m / s. A force is exerted
on the object, in the direction of motion, for a period of 1.0 minute and the velocity of the object
increases to 6.0 m / s.

What force is exerted on the object?

A 0.053 N B 0.080 N C 3.2 N D 4.8 N

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7 An object moves at constant speed in the circular path shown.

P
Z X

Which statement about the acceleration of the object when it is at point P is correct?

A The acceleration is in the direction of arrow X.

B The acceleration is in the direction of arrow Y.
C The acceleration is in the direction of arrow Z.
D The object is not accelerating.

8 An object is pivoted at point P. A student ties a length of string to a peg on the object. He pulls
the string with a force F.

string

s t
peg
r
q P

object

What is the moment of the force F about the point P?

A Fq B Fr C Fs D Ft

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9 A gas molecule strikes the wall of a container. The molecule rebounds with the same speed.

wall wall
gas molecule gas molecule

before hitting the wall after hitting the wall

What happens to the kinetic energy and what happens to the momentum of the molecule?

kinetic energy momentum

A changes changes
B changes stays the same
C stays the same changes
D stays the same stays the same

10 A horizontal force pulls a box along a horizontal surface.

The box gains 30 J of kinetic energy and 10 J of thermal energy is produced by the friction
between the box and the surface.

How much work is done by the force?

A 10 J B 20 J C 30 J D 40 J

11 A crane is used to lift loads vertically.

The output power of the crane to lift a car is P.

The crane then lifts a lorry, which has 3.0 times the weight of the car, through 0.25 of the distance
in 0.50 of the time.

What is the output power of the crane now?

A 3P B 3P C 8P D 6P
8 2 3

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12 The diagram shows a manometer connected to a gas supply.

mm
500

from 400
gas supply

300

200

100

mercury
0

What is the pressure of the gas supply?

A 100 mm Hg above atmospheric pressure

B 100 mm Hg below atmospheric pressure
C 200 mm Hg above atmospheric pressure
D 200 mm Hg below atmospheric pressure

13 The diagram shows a box of dimensions 6.0 cm  8.0 cm  4.0 cm.

6.0 cm

X
Z
4.0 cm Y 8.0 cm

The box rests on a flat horizontal surface.

On which face must the box rest in order to exert the least pressure?

A face X
B face Y
C face Z
D The pressure is the same for all the faces.

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1 The diagram shows a stone of irregular shape.

Which property of the stone can be found by lowering it into a measuring cylinder half-filled with
water?

A length
B mass
C volume
D weight

2 Which row describes speed and velocity?

speed velocity

A scalar scalar
B scalar vector
C vector scalar
D vector vector

3 Four balls with different masses are dropped from the heights shown.

Air resistance may be ignored.

Which ball has the smallest average speed?

A B C D
1.0 kg

2.0 kg

3.0 kg
4.0 m
4.0 kg
3.0 m
2.0 m
1.0 m ground

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4 An object of mass 2.0 kg is taken from the Earth, where the gravitational field strength is 10 N / kg,
to the Moon, where the gravitational field strength is 1.6 N / kg.

Which row is correct?

weight on weight on
the Earth / N the Moon / N

A 0.20 0.80
B 0.20 3.2
C 20 0.80
D 20 3.2

5 The mass of an empty flask is 34 g.

The volume of liquid added to the flask is 20 cm3.

The total mass of the flask and the liquid is 50 g.

What is the density of the liquid?

A 0.80 g / cm3 B 1.25 g / cm3 C 2.50 g / cm3 D 4.20 g / cm3

6 The extension–load graph for a spring is shown. The unstretched length of the spring is 17.0 cm.

3
extension / cm

0
0 1 2 3 4
load / N

When an object is suspended from the spring, the length of the spring is 19.2 cm.

What is the weight of the object?

A 1.4 N B 1.6 N C 2.6 N D 3.0 N

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7 A cart has a mass of 10 kg. A boy pushes on the cart horizontally with a force of 50 N. The cart
accelerates at 0.50 m / s2.

What is the frictional force acting on the cart?

A 5.0 N B 20 N C 30 N D 45 N

8 A ball has a mass of 2.0 kg. The ball approaches a wall at a speed of 3.0 m / s and rebounds at a
speed of 1.0 m / s.

wall
3.0 m / s

1.0 m / s

What is the impulse on the wall?

A 4.0 N B 4.0 N s C 8.0 N D 8.0 N s

9 Which situation involves no work being done and no energy being transferred?

A a car skidding to a stop on a road

B a crane lifting a load
C a heavy load hanging from a strong bar
D a student dragging a big box over a rough floor

10 A student suggests that there are several ways of transferring energy to a small, stationary block
of iron on a smooth table. He makes the following suggestions.

1 Heat it.
2 Shine light on it.
3 Pass a current through it.

Which suggestions are correct?

A 1 and 2 only B 1 and 3 only C 2 and 3 only D 1, 2 and 3

11 An engine produces 240 kJ of energy in 2.0 minutes.

What is the power output of the engine?

A 2.0 kW B 120 kW C 480 kW D 28 800 kW

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12 A book has a mass of 400 g.

The surface of the book in contact with a table has dimensions 0.10 m  0.20 m.

The gravitational field strength g is 10 N / kg.

What is the pressure exerted on the table due to the book?

A 0.08 N / m2 B 8.0 N / m2 C 20 N / m2 D 200 N / m2

13 The diagram shows a mercury barometer.

At which point is the pressure greater than atmospheric pressure?

mercury

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1 Which piece of apparatus is the most suitable for measuring the mass of a pencil sharpener?

A digital balance
B measuring cylinder
C newton meter
D ruler

2 Four balls with different masses are dropped from the heights shown.

Air resistance may be ignored.

Which ball has the smallest average speed?

A B C D
1.0 kg

2.0 kg

3.0 kg
4.0 m
4.0 kg
3.0 m
2.0 m
1.0 m ground

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3 A ball is thrown vertically upwards through the air. Air resistance acts on the ball.

Which graph shows how its speed varies with time?

A B

speed speed

0 0
0 time 0 time

C D

speed speed

0 0
0 time 0 time

4 What is the best description of the meaning of the ‘mass’ of an object?

A the space occupied by the object

B the force that gravity exerts on the object
C the resistance of the object to changes in motion
D the closeness of packing of the molecules in the object

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5 A measuring cylinder contains 40 cm3 of water.

A stone of mass 94 g is lowered into the water so that it is fully submerged as shown.

cm3
100
90
80
70
90
60
50
80
40
30 70
20
10

What is the density of the stone?

A 1.1 g / cm3 B 1.2 g / cm3 C 2.1 g / cm3 D 2.6 g / cm3

6 The extension–load graph for a spring is shown. The unstretched length of the spring is 17.0 cm.

3
extension / cm

0
0 1 2 3 4
load / N

When an object is suspended from the spring, the length of the spring is 19.2 cm.

What is the weight of the object?

A 1.4 N B 1.6 N C 2.6 N D 3.0 N

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7 A satellite orbits the Earth in an anticlockwise direction at constant speed, as shown.

When the satellite is in the position shown, in which direction does the resultant force act upon it?

direction of motion
of satellite

Earth D B

satellite
C

8 A tennis ball has a mass of 57 g.

A tennis player hits the tennis ball with a tennis racket. The tennis ball has a velocity of 25 m / s
when it hits the racket.

The velocity of the tennis ball when it leaves the player’s racket is 15 m / s in the opposite direction
from its approaching direction.

The average force exerted by the tennis racket on the ball is 35 N.

For how long is the tennis ball in contact with the tennis racket?

A 0.015 s B 0.016 s C 0.065 s D 0.65 s

9 This question is about four methods used to produce electrical energy.

Which method has a correct description?

energy source emits

method
is renewable carbon dioxide

A a hydroelectric power station yes no

B a coal-fired power station no no
C a wind turbine no yes
D a nuclear power station yes yes

10 A stone is released from rest from a high building on Earth. Air resistance is negligible.

What is its velocity when it has fallen 5 m?

A 7.1 m / s B 10 m / s C 50 m / s D 100 m / s

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11 The power input to an electric motor is 400 W. The efficiency of the motor is 85%.

How much power is wasted?

A 60 W B 85 W C 340 W D 470 W

12 A book has a mass of 400 g.

The surface of the book in contact with a table has dimensions 0.10 m  0.20 m.

The gravitational field strength g is 10 N / kg.

What is the pressure exerted on the table due to the book?

A 0.08 N / m2 B 8.0 N / m2 C 20 N / m2 D 200 N / m2

13 A horizontal metal plate of area 0.50 m2 lies at the bottom of a lake at a depth of 40 m.

The density of water is 1000 kg / m3 and the gravitational field strength g is 10 N / kg.

What is the downward force acting on the plate due to the water?

A 20 kN B 80 kN C 200 kN D 800 kN

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1 The diagram shows a plastic rod alongside a ruler.

plastic rod

0 cm 10 20

What is the length of the rod?

A 2.5 cm B 3.5 cm C 7.0 cm D 9.0 cm

2 Four balls with different masses are dropped from the heights shown.

Air resistance may be ignored.

Which ball has the smallest average speed?

A B C D
1.0 kg

2.0 kg

3.0 kg
4.0 m
4.0 kg
3.0 m
2.0 m
1.0 m ground

3 A cyclist rides 300 m up a slope in 50 s.

She then rides down the slope in 25 s.

What is her average speed for the whole journey?

A 4.0 m / s B 8.0 m / s C 9.0 m / s D 16 m / s

4 An object is on the surface of the Earth.

Which statement describes the weight of the object?

A the quantity of material that the object contains

B the quantity of space that the object takes up
C the gravitational force acting on the object
D the object’s resistance to a change in its motion

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5 The tank shown has the dimensions 5.0 m  4.0 m  4.0 m.

It is completely filled with water of density 1000 kg / m3.

5.0 m

4.0 m 4.0 m

What is the mass of water in the tank?

A 12.5 kg B 62.5 kg C 16 000 kg D 80 000 kg

6 The extension–load graph for a spring is shown. The unstretched length of the spring is 17.0 cm.

3
extension / cm

0
0 1 2 3 4
load / N

When an object is suspended from the spring, the length of the spring is 19.2 cm.

What is the weight of the object?

A 1.4 N B 1.6 N C 2.6 N D 3.0 N

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7 A car of mass 1200 kg is travelling along a horizontal road.

direction of motion

total frictional force = 1000 N driving force = 4000 N

What is the acceleration of the car?

A 0.83 m / s2 B 1.2 m / s2 C 2.5 m / s2 D 3.3 m / s2

8 Object X moves to the right along a frictionless surface towards a stationary object Y, as shown.

direction
of travel

X Y

They make a noise as they collide and then both objects move to the right.

Which equation is correct?

A change in momentum of X = change in momentum of Y

B impulse of force acting on X = impulse of force acting on Y
C kinetic energy of X before collision = (kinetic energy of X + kinetic energy of Y) after collision
D momentum of X before collision = (momentum of X + momentum of Y) after collision

9 A stream flows out of a lake and down the side of a hill.

What best describes the change in energy stores?

A kinetic energy  chemical energy + internal energy

B gravitational potential energy  kinetic energy + internal energy

C gravitational potential energy + kinetic energy  internal energy

D kinetic energy  internal energy + gravitational potential energy

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10 The energy input to a device is E.

The amount of energy wasted by the device is W.

Which expression gives the efficiency of the device?

A W  E  100%
W

B W  100%
E

C E  W  100%
E

D E  W  100%
W

11 A builder lifts 30 bricks from the ground onto a platform 2.0 m high.

Each brick has a mass of 4.0 kg.

What is the work done against gravity by the builder in lifting the bricks onto the platform?

A 80 J B 120 J C 240 J D 2400 J

12 A book has a mass of 400 g.

The surface of the book in contact with a table has dimensions 0.10 m  0.20 m.

The gravitational field strength g is 10 N / kg.

What is the pressure exerted on the table due to the book?

A 0.08 N / m2 B 8.0 N / m2 C 20 N / m2 D 200 N / m2

13 The diagram shows a tank full of water.

The mass of water in the tank is m.

The density of the water is .

The height of water in the tank is h.

Which equation gives the pressure p due to the water at the bottom of the tank?

A p = h g B p = mgh C p = m g D p = m h

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1 Which instrument is most suitable for measuring the thickness of a single sheet of paper?

A 15 cm rule
B balance
C metre rule
D micrometer screw gauge

2 The diagrams show distance–time graphs for four objects.

Which graph represents an object moving with an increasing speed?

A B

distance distance

0 0
0 time 0 time

C D

distance distance

0 0
0 time 0 time

3 An object has a weight of 6.4 N on the Earth where the gravitational field strength is 10 N / kg.

Which row states the mass and the weight of the object on the Moon where the gravitational field
strength is 1.6 N / kg?

weight on
mass / kg
the Moon / N

A 0.64 1.0
B 0.64 6.4
C 4.0 1.0
D 4.0 6.4

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4 Which substance in the table has the lowest density?

substance mass / g volume / cm3

A nylon 1.2 1.0

B cotton 1.5 1.0
C olive oil 1.8 2.0
D water 2.0 2.0

5 A 20 m long, uniform bridge of weight 100 kN is supported at each end by pillars, as shown.

T1 T2
20 m

bridge

pillar 24 kN pillar

100 kN

The pillars exert forces T1 and T2 on the ends of the bridge.

What are the values of T1 and T2 when a van of weight 24 kN is on the bridge, 5 m from the
left-hand pillar?

T1 / kN T2 / kN

A 56 68
B 62 62
C 68 56
D 74 50

6 A spring, which obeys Hooke’s law, has an unstretched length of 10 cm.

A load of 20 N is suspended from the spring.

The new length of the spring is 36 cm.

What is the spring constant k of the spring?

A 0.56 N / cm B 0.77 N / cm C 1.3 N / cm D 1.8 N / cm

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7 What is the relationship between the impulse acting on an object and the change in momentum of
the object?

A impulse = change in momentum

B impulse = change in momentum  time

change in momentum
C impulse =
time

change in momentum
D impulse =
mass

8 Electrical energy may be obtained from nuclear fission.

In which order is the energy transferred in this process?

A nuclear fuel  generator  reactor and boiler  turbines

B nuclear fuel  generator  turbines  reactor and boiler

C nuclear fuel  reactor and boiler  generator  turbines

D nuclear fuel  reactor and boiler  turbines  generator

9 A motor of power P exerts a force F on an object. The object moves a distance d during the time t
that the force acts.

Which equation is used to calculate the time t ?

A t= F B t = Fd C t = Pd D t= P
Pd P F Fd

10 A scientist uses an electric motor to lift a load through a vertical distance of 2.0 m.

He then increases the input power to the motor and repeats the experiment. The efficiency of the
motor does not change.

Which row correctly describes the effect that this has on the useful work done lifting the load and
the time taken to lift it?

work done time taken

A decreases decreases
B stays the same decreases
C decreases stays the same
D stays the same stays the same

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11 Four containers are filled to the top with the same liquid. The base of each container is circular.

Which container has the greatest pressure exerted by the liquid at its base?

A B C D

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1 A student is taking some measurements.

Which measurement is taken directly using a micrometer screw gauge?

A 0.52 g / mm2 B 0.52 g / mm3 C 0.52 mm D 0.52 mm2

2 Which graph represents an object that is moving at constant speed?

A B

distance distance

0 0
0 time 0 time

C D

distance distance

0 0
0 time 0 time

3 In which situation does object X have a greater mass than object Y?

A Object X is in a larger gravitational field than object Y and both have the same weight.
B Object X shows a greater resistance to change in motion than object Y and both experience
the same resultant force.
C Object X has a lower density than object Y and both occupy the same volume.
D Object X moves at a greater speed than object Y and both possess the same kinetic energy.

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4 Which substance in the table has the lowest density?

substance mass / g volume / cm3

A nylon 1.2 1.0

B cotton 1.5 1.0
C olive oil 1.8 2.0
D water 2.0 2.0

5 Three simple machines are shown.

1 2 3

moving soil with cutting string screwing a screw

a wheelbarrow with scissors with a screwdriver

Which machines are an application of the moment of a force?

A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

6 A spring, which obeys Hooke’s law, has an unstretched length of 10 cm.

A load of 20 N is suspended from the spring.

The new length of the spring is 36 cm.

What is the spring constant k of the spring?

A 0.56 N / cm B 0.77 N / cm C 1.3 N / cm D 1.8 N / cm

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7 A rocket is launched upwards from the surface of the Moon.

Hot gases are ejected downwards over a very short period of time.

Which statement is not correct?

A The rocket experiences a downward force.

B The rocket experiences an upward force.
C The total momentum of the hot gases is equal to the momentum of the rocket.
D The total momentum of the hot gases and rocket when the hot gases have been ejected is
zero.

8 Electrical energy may be obtained from nuclear fission.

In which order is the energy transferred in this process?

A nuclear fuel  generator  reactor and boiler  turbines

B nuclear fuel  generator  turbines  reactor and boiler

C nuclear fuel  reactor and boiler  generator  turbines

D nuclear fuel  reactor and boiler  turbines  generator

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9 A box of mass m slides down a slope of length l against a frictional force F. It descends a vertical
height d.

direction
of motion
F

l
mass m

stop

As the box slides down the slope, it loses gravitational potential energy and it does work against
the friction.

Which row gives the loss in gravitational potential energy and the work done against friction?

loss in gravitational work done

potential energy against friction

A mgd Fl
B mgd Fd
C mgl Fl
D mgl Fd

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10 A rope, connected to a pulley system and motor, is used to lift different objects through different
distances. The time taken to lift each object is the same. The diagrams are not to scale.

Which motor requires the greatest power?

A B

platform platform
motor motor

2m 3m
10 kg 5 kg

C D

platform platform
motor motor

1m 3m
10 kg 2 kg

11 Which equation can be used to calculate the pressure at a depth h beneath the surface of a
liquid?
h
A p= h B p= C p = hg D p= 1
g g h g

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1 For which purpose is a micrometer screw gauge suitable?

A measuring the current in a coil that is known to be about 3  10–6 A

B measuring the diameter of a ball bearing that is known to be about 3  10–3 m

C measuring the mass of a grain of sand that is known to be about 3  10–3 g

D measuring the moment used to turn a screw that is known to be about 3  10–6 N m

2 The graph shows how the speed of a car varies with time at the start of a journey.

6
speed 5
m/s
4
3
2
1
0
0 1 2 3 4
time / s

Which distance–time graph represents the motion of the car over the same time period?

A B
12 12
10 10
distance / m distance / m
8 8
6 6
4 4
2 2
0 0
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
time / s time / s

C D
6 6
5 5
distance / m distance / m
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
0 0
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
time / s time / s

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3 Which statement about mass and weight is correct?

A Mass is a property that causes change in motion.

B Mass is caused by a gravitational field acting on a weight.
C Weight is a property that resists change in motion.
D Weight is caused by a gravitational field acting on a mass.

4 Which substance in the table has the lowest density?

substance mass / g volume / cm3

A nylon 1.2 1.0

B cotton 1.5 1.0
C olive oil 1.8 2.0
D water 2.0 2.0

5 The diagram shows a uniform bar resting on two supports, P and Q.

0 10 50 60 100
cm
P Q

The weight of the bar is 4.0 N.

What is the force exerted on the bar by support P?

A 0.80 N B 2.0 N C 3.2 N D 4.0 N

6 A spring, which obeys Hooke’s law, has an unstretched length of 10 cm.

A load of 20 N is suspended from the spring.

The new length of the spring is 36 cm.

What is the spring constant k of the spring?

A 0.56 N / cm B 0.77 N / cm C 1.3 N / cm D 1.8 N / cm

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7 A cricket ball has a mass of 0.16 kg. The ball travels at 30 m / s. The ball is hit by a bat with a force
of 10 800 N. After being hit, the ball moves off at 30 m / s in the opposite direction.

30 m / s

30 m / s

For how long was the ball in contact with the bat?

A 0.0004 s B 0.00089 s C 0.0044 s D 0.015 s

8 Electrical energy may be obtained from nuclear fission.

In which order is the energy transferred in this process?

A nuclear fuel  generator  reactor and boiler  turbines

B nuclear fuel  generator  turbines  reactor and boiler

C nuclear fuel  reactor and boiler  generator  turbines

D nuclear fuel  reactor and boiler  turbines  generator

9 Which energy resource has the Sun as its only source of energy?

A geothermal
B nuclear
C oil
D tidal

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10 A man, attached to an elastic cord, jumps from a platform. He falls 60 m before starting to rise.
The length of the unextended cord is 30 m.

The diagrams show four successive stages in his fall.

In which position is elastic (strain) energy and kinetic energy present?

A B C D

30 m
45 m

60 m

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11 The diagram shows three glass containers.

All three contain water filled to the same vertical height h.

P Q R

h h h

wooden block
supporting R

The base area of P is equal to the base area of R.

The base area of Q is larger than the other two.

Students are asked to compare the water pressure at the bottom of each container.

Student 1 says that the pressure at base R is more than the pressure at base P.
Student 2 says that the pressure at base Q is less than the pressure at base P.
Student 3 says that the pressures at all three bases are the same.

Which students are correct?

A none are correct

B 1 only
C 2 only
D 3 only

© UCLES 2021 0625/23/O/N/21