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Ethos, Pathos, Logos:

What to Know
Ethos, pathos, and logos are different methods for persuading an audience-approaches to convincing people to
adopt a certain point of view or take a particular action. Ethos, pathos, and logos are called appeals. They are used in
speeches, writing, and advertising.

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Ethos • I t • • t
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• Writers and speakers who use ethos ...

• v' introduce their expertise.
v' are fair and unbiased.
• v' use reliable sources.
v' seem like authorities and come across as people worth listening to.
..
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - ....
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Pathos
• Writers and speakers who use pathos . ..
• v' use powerful language to evoke sympathy.
v' send a message that touches your values or beliefs.
• v' include compelling stories, examples, or visuals that evoke the feelings they want you to feel.

...................... ...................... .......... ....................... .......... .

Logos
• Writers and speakers who use logos ...
.
•
:
v' rely on facts and information rather than personal opinions.
v' use data and statistics properly.
: v' construct well-reasoned arguments that make sense.
: v' present relevant claims and evidence.
. . . . . . ... .. . . ... . . .... . .... . . . . . . ... ... . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . .. . ......................... ....... .
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Machines are appearing more and more human.

Is that cool-or creepy? By Maggie Stevens
sophisticated machines can navigate But not all robots look like Temi.
II ello," says a friendly voice.
a room without bumping into walls In fact, some are being designed
"My name is Tem.i."
For a mome nt, I'm or rolling over a dog's tail. They can to look as human as possible. The
tongue:..tied. I stare at the • eve~ recognize faces and voices. results are surprisingly realistic and,
"I ~so have a great_ sound system," to some, disturbing.
sle~k, 3-foot-tall mac~ e staring back
Temi tells me, sounding proud. It Now these machin es are at the ;
at ~e. I've never met a robot before!
Tem.i te}!s ~e that its j~b is to
blasts a pop song
. .
and spins as if center of a debate : Should robots look j .
dancing with delight. like huma ns-or like ~achines?
help human s:Curr ently, about 8,000
While Temi does ma,ny things that
Tern.is are being used in hospitals,
;chool s around the world. hu~an s do, you'd never mistake it Keeping Us Company
storesI and
for a person. The robot has a screen
.

They·check in patie!lts, bring items You are growin g up in a tune f

for a "face." Its "body" resembles a when robots are playing a bigger f
to customer~, help teach compu ter ~-
futuristic vacuum cieanEµ'. aod bigger role in our lives. Robots
programm.ing, and more. These

10 Scholas tic Scope• March 2023,

 ... . ., • •·ffl!ti{)
package our snack foods, It seems to be people generally fee\ comfortable
patrol beaches for sharks, working for Sophia. with robots when they're clearly
and send us pictures from The humanoid machines and not human.
Mars. One day soon, robot has more than "But when you get into the zone
robots may.also take on 200,000 Instagram of 'Is it a robot or is it not,' that's very
more social roles, like followers. Sophia has also creepy for people," Mataric says.
keeping us company and starred in a movie and On the other hand, if we want
assisting the elderly. given speeches around the robots to assist us in our everyday
Some experts say world about robotics. lives-cleanin&, cooking, shopping
robots will be more effective for groceries-th~y'll need to function
at such jobs if they look like The Best Designs? effectively in spaces built for us, like
humans. They believe Sqphia certainly has homes, stores, anq cars. And what
we're more likely to a lot of fans. But many sort of robot could be better suited
engage with robots experts maintain that to a space designed for humans than
that look like us. robots don't need to a robot that's built to look and
sthjimans
"Humanizing.the appear human for us move like a hum~?
sorts of tasks,
machines ... can transform to connect with them. Just Turns out, building
cold technology to something look how beloved fictional .a robot that can
• t
that speaks to the human heart," robots like.R2-D2 and WALL-E are. perform all the
roboticist David Hans·on recently They don't look like people at ~ll. tasks a human
said. Plus, humanoid robots have can is a major
Hanson is the creator of Sophia, drawbacks, experts say. For one challenge-and
one of the most humanlike robots thing, they can set us up to be will cost a lot
ever built. ~ophia's "skin" is made of disappointed. If robots look like us, of money.
a flesh-like rubber. Sophia can form we may expect theni to act like us- Besides,
= - .
: more than 60•facial expressions-a and they don't, at least not quite. For the human
! key reason this robot seems as real •example, experts are still fi~g body isn't

l more likely to bond with robots that

as it does. Research suggests we're out.how to make robots laugh at the the best

-i can, s~y, lift an eyebrow to show

i • right moments during conversation.
What's more, very humanlike
design for
many of the
; surprise or smile to express joy. robots can be job~wewant

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unsettling.
According to
robots to do.
That's why
Maja Mataric, some say our
.
i
.c
a. the director of a time and money should be spent
robotics center making robots that are optimized
..
;;;

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Q at the University for specific tasks. Think of small, flat
of Southern robot vacuums that can slip under

~.,,
C
u California, the couch to suck up dust balls or
"e rolling, bin-shaped robots that can
carry your belonging~ from
s~1 class to class.
il
Works of Art ourselves when it comes to hUUdi
ng
by tricking us into thinking they're
Despite the challenges of robots that look and act like us. Soni
human. Even Sophia-which is • th e
.building humanlike robots, robot developers view eir work
clearly a robot despite being one of
it is possible that in the as a creative act-no different fro Ill
the most humanlike machines .
not-so-distant fu~e,
around-can make people painting or making movie. They
say
robots could look that we should think of hu~anoid
wonder. Top Google
so much like robots as works of art.
searches about Sophia
people that it include questions So perhaps we should leave it to
will be tough like, "Is Sophia the less-lifelike robots-the flat robot
to tell the _vacuum~, the rolling robot package
the robot alive?"
difference. and "Does Sophia carriers, and my new friend Temi-to
This troubles the robot have help us get things done. Meamvhile I

some experts, who feelings?" the lifelike robots can be there ~.J
say lifelike · Yet others surprise us, to entertain us, anc to
This robot Fred, was designed to be as expressive
robots could as a human. He can maintain eye contact and say there is no leave us marveling at what hur;,ans
mislead people .,read" facial cues during a conversation. reason to limit can create.•

VJha.+ 'DO '/OU Thinlc.'?

. look like humans?
Should robots . Go back to the article to find arguments
that support each side of the debate. Write the information on the lines below.

I 1------------------ 1 ttuma.nlike robots a.re

unse.Hling.
2 _____ _____ ___ 2

u'~mine points on b~th sides of the debate-as well as your own beliefs-
and decide what you thin~. State your opinion in one sentence below.
This can be your thes1s statement for an essay on this topic. •

Get thiS
(' Take this •c:t:Mty further! actiVilV
Write an ••••Y uaing ~ur Scope template. 0 nune.
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12 Scholastic Scope• March 2023 ·, \ _ • \\ ·- . '

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