Reviewer in Music

 Rhythm & Tempo - Difference between Slow and

Fast in Music
are two elements of music that are
very closely related to each other, Grade 3
which is why it is taught - Addition of conducting
simultaneously in first quarter gestures
(Rhythm) to fourth quarter (Tempo).
Grade 4
Content Topic Rhythm
- Tempo Markings: Largo &
Grade (1-3) Presto
- Difference between Sound and Grade 5 & 6
Silence
- Tempo Marking: Largo, Presto,
- Steady Beats Allegro, Moderato, Andante, Vivace,
- Simple Rhythmic Patterns Ritardando, and Accelerando
- Ostinato Musical Concept of
Grade (4-5) Rhythm & Tempo
- Notes and Rests 1. Rhythm – is the aspect that covers
the flow and movement of music
- Rhythmic Patterns ordered in time
- Meter and Simple Time 2. Meter – is a repeating pattern of
Signature strong and weak beats. Meter can be
- Ostinato categorized between simple and
Compound.
Grade (6) a. Simple Meter – is the type of
- Addition of 6/8 time signature meter wherein each beat in a measure
of music can be naturally divided
Content Topic Rhythm into two equal parts.
Grade 1-2 b. Compound Meter – is the type
of meter wherein each beat in a
- Speed of Sound in Music measure of music can be naturally
divided into three equal parts. c. Quadruple Meter – is the type
Common examples of these are the of meter consisting of four
times signatures 6/8, 9/8, and 12/8. beats. An example is the
Christmas Song, “Hark the
Common Types of Meter: Herald Angel Sing”.
 Duple Meter (One and three are the strongly
 Triple Meter accented beats, while two and four are
weak beats. Beat one is slightly
 Quadruple Meter stronger than beat three).
a. Duple Meter – is the type of Downbeats and Upbeats – A
meter where beats are downbeat is the first beat in a bar or
grouped in twos. The best measure of music and usually strong
example of this is a march, accent. An upbeat is the last beat in a
reflecting the movement of our previous bar or measures of music
two feet. that immediately follows a downbeat.
Ff. 3. Ostinato – is a short, consistently
ONE TWO, ONE TWO, ONE TWO; repeated pattern found all
or left right, left right throughout a piece of music or in one
of its sections. It may be melodic or
1 2 1 2 1 2 rhythmic in nature. In a melodic
(There is a natural strong accent on ostinato, sometimes the pattern and/or
beat one; beat two is the weak beat.) pitch is slightly changed for variation.
b. Triple Meter – is the type of 4. Different Notes and Their Time
meter where beats are Values
grouped in three. An example
Notes are symbols that depict
of this is “Bahay Kubo”.
how high or low a musical pitch is,
ONE TWO THREE, ONE TWO and also its duration.
THREE a. Whole Note – to be played or
1 2 3 1 2 3 sounded for 4 beats.
(There is a natural strong accent on b. Half Note – to be played or
beat one; while and three are both sounded for two beats.
weak beats.)
c. Quarter Note – to be played or
sounded for 1 beat.
d. Eight Note – to be played or Respective Rest Symbols
sounded for ½ of a beat.
e. Sixteenth Note – to be played or
sounded for ¼ of a beat.

Respective Note Symbols

Content Topic onTempo

1. Tempo – Basically, it is how fast
or slow a piece of music is performed.
The word tempo means “Time” in
Italian.
Note Equivalency

5. Different Rests and Their Time

Values
- Rests are symbols that depict
silence or the absence of sound. Other terms used in conjunction with
the abovement terms:
a. Whole Rest – no sound for 4 beats
b. Half Rest – no sound for 2 beats
c. Quarter Rest – no sound for 1 beat
d. Eight Rest – no sound for ½ of a
beat
e. Sixteenth Rest – no sound for ¼ of
a beat
2. Conducting Gestures 2. Be Realistic in setting goals
– Conducting with the hands is 3. Listen! Be sure that when
important to ensure that performers teaching rhythm patterns, you are
sing or play together in time and to setting the right example: correct
denote what meter or time signature a and consistent
piece of music is of. Look at the
4. Always be ready to answer
following illustrations for the
student’s questions
different gestures when conducting
different time signatures 5. When teaching the time values of
notes and rests
(Use other syllables to subdivide the
beat)

Activities for Teaching

Rhythm
1. Listening for steady beats (Grade
1-3)
Ex.
On Teaching Rhythm & - Ticking Clock
- Walking feet
Tempo
2. Echo Clapping and body
Rhythm – It is the pattern of sounds,
percussion (Grade 1-3)
silence, and emphasis in a song.
Ex.
Tempo – Derived from the Italian
word “Tempus” meaning “Time”.
- The speed of piece, how fast or slow
the music should be played.

Consider in Teaching
Rhythm & Tempo
1. Rhythm can be tangibly realized
that is, it can be experienced or
heard.
3. Using Rhythm Flash Cards  TIMBRE
(Grade 4-8)
- The quality of sound made by a
particular voice or musical instrument.
- Or Tone Color, refers to the
character and quality of a sound
that differentiate one musical
instrument or voice

Content Topic on Timbre

Activities for Teaching For Grade 1

Tempo - Quality of Sound in Music

- Difference Between Speaking &
1. Modified Dance Freeze (Grade 1- Listening
2)
For Grade 2
Ex. Teacher manipulates the playback
speed of a music recording - Quality of Sound in Music
- Introduction to Voice
2. Conducting Gestures (Grade 3-6) Production
- Advised to demonstrate them in first - Differentiation in Sound Quality
in front of the class - Introduction to Musical
Instruction
- Do the gestures slowly, saying out
the beats loudly as you conduct. Note For Grade 3
where the strong beats are. - Voice Production Techniques
- Variations in Sound Quality
Using smartphones to help
a. Similar
teach rhythms and tempo b. Different
Metronome – An application that is For Grade 4
free and has an easy to learn interface.
May be used to illustrate and guide. - Vocal and Instrumental Sounds
a. Instrumental
b. Vocal
For Grade 5
- Vocal and Instrumental Sounds
 - Basic Voice Range supported by an
Classifications accompaniment.
a. Soprano c. Trio
b. Alto - It is a musical composition
c. Tenor written for three parts, either for
d. Bass voice or instruments.
- Aural and Visual Identification d. Ensemble
of Instruments - It is a musical composition
a. Drum and Lyre Band written for a relatively large
b. Rondalia group of performers. Examples
c. Native Bamboo are choirs, orchestras, and
Orchestra (“Pangkat bands. Group of five people is
Kawayan”) still considered.
For Grade 6
Voice Range Classification:
- Introduction to Instruments of
Soprano, Alto, Tenor, and Bass
the Western Orchestra
a. Soprano – It is a human voice
Canto – Italian word for “song”
with the higher pitch in women.
Vocal and Instrumental Music can b. Alto – or contraito, it is a low
be played in different ways such as: female voice.
c. Tenor – This range is the
a. Solo
- Means “Alone” in Italian. It is naturally highest occurring type
a musical composition for a of voice in adult males.
single instrument without d. Bass – This is the lowest
accompaniment, or a work sounding male voice.
wherein in a single instrument
or voice is features eminently
throughout, even with Identifying Ensembles
accompaniment. Instruments
Accompaniment – is the
1. Drum and Lyre Band – Also
background music that supports
called drum and lyre corps, type
a principal part or parts.
of Filipino Marching Band
b. Duet
derived from Drum and the
- Basically, it is a musical
Bugle Corps.
composition written for two
parts, or two prominent parts It is primarily of two sections:
Lyre Section: Which plays the c. Tenor Drum – A deep cylinder
melody. drum, it is truck with felt-headed
or side drum sticks. Not
Drum Section: Which functions as the
outfitted with snares and called
accompaniment part.
LONG DRUM.
It is usually make up around 30-40
members.
a. Lyre – or Bell Lyre, it is a
portable percussion instruments
where a set of tuned steel bars
are hit either by metal or
wooden mallets.
d. Bass Drum – Also consisting of
a cylinder shell, with two heads.
Thus drum is bigger around 36
inches in diameter and 16 inches
deep.

b. Drum – It is composed of
cylinder shaped shell with two
heads, usually made out of wood
or metal.
Snares – The bottom part e. Cymbals – Usually held by
outfitted with gut wires or string hand in pairs and are loud, made
that runs parallel to another. up of tin and cooper alloy.
Better Head – The upper head
it is usually struck with wooden
sticks
2. Rondalla – Originated from
Spain. Called the Filipino
“String Band” played by wide
range of repertoire from folk
modern and foreign classical
The Usual Instruments are;
 Bandurria
 Laud
 Octavina
c. Octavina – Has a set of 1
 Guitar and,
strings. Same tuning as the
 Double Bass
laud.
a. Bandurria – It is a small
stringed instrument derived
from a guitar, has Six
Courses (in pairs) of metal
strings, Usually it plays the
top part (treble) and played
using plectrum.
Plectrum – A small pick or
piece used to pluck a stringed
instrument made of plastic, d. Guitar – Plucked either with
metal, ivory, or a shell. or without a plectrum. It has
6 strings, a single open round
of a sound hole, slightly
curved back, and sides in a
single figure of waist.

b. Laud – This plucked

instrument is also tuned on
fourth, but pitch one octave
lower.
 e. Double Bass – Also called Bamboo
Contra Bass. The largest of Marimba/”Talungating”
the bowed string instrument
and has the lowest pitch.

Bamboo
Piano/”Tipangklung”

3. Native Bamboo Ensemble

(“Pangkat Kawayan”) – A
unique Filipino performing
group or ensemble that uses
nontraditional bamboo Bamboo Knockers/”Kalatok”
instruments
- Composed of talented
elementary students from
Manila and Quezon City (Sept.
06, 1966)

Instruments:
Bamboo Tube/”Bumbong” Bamboo Musical Rattle
 Bamboo Flute/”Tulali” b. Viola – Slightly larger
than violin, second
highest pitch
- Can usually be notated
in chef and its four string
are tuned in fifth.

4. Western Orchestra – Modern

orchestra are divided into
several sections. With
conductor usually leads, the
term “orchestra” is of Greek
origin which referred to the area c. Cello – Called
directly in front of the stage in “violoncello”, second
concert halls, theaters, and other lowest pitch and is deep.
performance venue.

 STRING SECTION
a. Violin – Stringed
instrument that
commonly bowed but
may be plucked.
- Does not have frets, has
four strings and highest
pitch. d. Double Bass – Or
contrabass, the largest
string instrument and the
lowest pitch and range.
 WOODWINDS SECTION d. Bassoon/Boson –
a. Flute – Is a long, Another double reed,
cylindrical shape very low-ranged
instrument wherein it is woodwind, bigger and
blown through the side longer.
hole.
- Held horizontally and its
timbre is rich, light, and
airy

 BRASS SECTION
a. Trumpet – With the
highest range in the brass
section, bright and
powerful tone.

b. Clarinet – The sound is

produced by blowing into
a reed which vibrates. Its
timbre is rich and
flexible.

b. French horn – Lower,

mellower than trumpet
and its tube is coiled into
circular fashion.

c. Oboe – Also blown from

a reed but it is double,
blowing the air is
relatively harder.

c. Trombone – Instead of
valve, its uses sliding
mechanism, it has a low
range sound than trumpet.
 d. Marimba – Usually
mounted or stands, it is
played like a xylophone
and struck with mallets.
e. Triangle – It is a small
handheld triangular
d. Tuba – Having low instrument metal giving
register, it is the bright and sparkling
foundation of the brass sound when struck.
section and less flexible. f. Snare Drum – It is
composed of cylinder
shaped shell with two
heads.
g. Tenor Drum – A deep
cylindrical drum or long
drum.
h. Bass Drum – Also
consisting a cylindrical
shell with two heads and
 PERCUSSION SECTION it is bigger.
a. Timpani or Kettle i. Cymbals – Held in pairs
Drum – Large drum and produce loud,
capable of being tuned occasional accents.
into low pitches and are
usually grouped into 2 or
3 sets.
- Specialized Timpani
stick or mallets are used.
b. Glockenspiel – Related
to Lyre, has small steel
bar producing brilliant,
penetrating sound
c. Celesta – It is similar to a
piano and has keyboard
but smaller in size
producing delicate,
metallic sound.