CONTENTS
1. Application
2. Component
3. Component Description
4. Working
5. Advantage
6. Disadvantage
7. Circuit Diagram
8. Bibliography
COMPONENT
1. Resistance
2. Transistor
3. LED
4. Battery
5. Mike
6. Capacitor
7. PCB
8. Relay
WORKING
In this the circuit gets ON by the sound of a
clap or similar and OFF by the sound of clap or
similar. The circuit gives here mainly
employees is a counter Transistor. The
Transistor can be used in input, output and
CMOS logic artilost. In this project the
Transistor is used as an astable multivibrator.
When we clap the – Mic receives the sound and
converts the received sound signal into an
electric signal. The transistor BC 148 amplifies
the received signal by the mic and the
amplified signal is fed to pin no 2 of Transistor.
The output is derived from the pin no 3 of the
Transistor and applied to pin no 14 of
Transistor. Here the relay comes to ON position
and the equipment attached to the relay starts
working. When we produce clap sound again
the sound signal is transferred to the main
position required as same manner and then the
relay get to OFF position and the equipment
attached gets OFF.
APPLICATIONS
The project can be attached to the distant
equipment for easy ON OFF as T.V.
The project can be attached to sound sensitive area
as in safe rooms so any similar sound can activate
the attached buzzer.
The project can be attached to the call bell in the
kitchen to call the waiter and the sensor can be fitted
in masters room so that if master desires to call the
waiter then he / she has only to clap.
ADVANTAGE
The project is small and makes the operating work
easy.
The project is completely portable.
There is no need to move near this but a sound
from the sitting place can make it work for the master
DISADVANTAGE
The project cannot work properly in a noisy area, as
it will continuously get to ON OFF
Even systems attached to project get OFF if any
similar sound made near to the sensing spot.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
THE BOOKS FROM WHERE THE REFRENCES
ARE TAKEN ARE AS FOLLOWS : -
1 ) LABORATORY MANUAL IN PHYSICS
– R.S.MITTAL AND SINGAL
ARYA BOOK DEPOT : 1999
2 ) COMPREHENSIVE PHYSICS
– NARINDOR KUMAR
LAXMI PUBLICATIONS
INTRODUCTION
Sound is one of the important forms of energy, which
if is converted to electrical energy signals can
produce many astonishing results.
The CLAP SWITCH device is newly innovated
device which not only helps us but also entertains and
amuse users and viewers.
It acts like a remote which helps those who wish
to ‘on or off’ the fan or radio or any other appliance
without getting up from the chair. One clap will turn
the switch on and the other clap turns it off.
In today’s environment, due to power failures, it is
more useful when one clap makes the light on. It is
also used in many remote toys.
PRINCIPLE
Clap Switch is made on the principle that sound
waves can be converted into electrical impulse which
here is done using relay and transistor.
Clap switch is a solid state sound operated
switch, in which load changes as it goes on and off.
In the Clap switch sound waves are converted
into electrical impulse which goes on and off by
making use of Relay and Transistor. It is a
multivibrator, in which one transistor gets external
impulses and it transfer to second transistor.
The circuit of Clap switch is divided into three
parts:
1. Audio amplifier (involving one transistor).
2. Bistable multivibrator (combination of two
transistor)
3. Relay with one transistor.
LIMITATIONS
The main features of CLAP SWITCH are high
sensitivity and various applications. However, it has
certain limitations:
1. The working of the switch is intermittent and
cannot work for a long time.
2. It works only when clapping is done within a
short distance.
3. The clap switch cannot operate very high
voltage electrical appliances.
4. Sometimes some unwanted noises can
make adverse effects on the working of
switch.
DESCRIPTION
1) TRANSISTOR: It is an electronic device formed by P and n
types of semi-conductors, which is used in place of a triode valve.
The P and n types of semi-conductors may be attached in the form
on n-p-n or p-n-p transistors. Here n-p-n transistor has been used.
2) CARBON RESISTANCE : Resisters are used in the circuit so as to
control the flow of the current at different places. Different resistance
are used at different locations as per need and capability, so as to
protect and enable the circuit to work perfectly, as resistance
decreases the voltage to minimum requirement.
3) PCB: Printed circuit board, it is used to print the circuit.
4) LED : Light emitting diode .It is a forward biased diode, the energy
produced by recombination of electrons and holes at the junction can
be emitted as light .Such a diode is called lead .the diode are made
form the semiconductor gallium , arsenide , or indium phosphide. In
the dry cell charger LED will emit light when the current is switched
on.
5) CAPACITOR: Capacitors are followed after the resisters, as their
work is to store the electric current and release as required. These
conditions are named as charged and discharged capacitor. The
extend to which a capacitor can store the current is called it’s
capacity.
6) BATTERY : Use to pass the electric current to the circuit.
7) MIKE : Use to speak the voice of the circuit.
