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Vedic BCE): civilization,
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of mental the BCE. to of
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where its the period,civilization
2500
Indus
agriculture,
fts writingDirector
excavations
maintaining
theIndia,was According
time andsutras. it IndusEpic culture. In
to of yoga,
yoga, sage between a deciphered,
of yoga first the meaning
historical yogagreatlypurpose Yoga
Period, so-called had
are Valley MarshalL,
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literatures.
of
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andThiscivilization.
known contributed Upanisadic
is originated is the Indus flourished
Yoga getting
health. Some a its
Krishna present periods.
Period,The
the been of
planning.
John
Vedas,
yoga, (For Survey
yoga
first 1.1: was
his notSir
of the ruined cities of Mohenjo Daro (situated by the
Indus river) and Harappa (situated by the Ravi river) in
what is now Pakistan.) During the last ninety years.
archaeological finds have revealed the broad
geographical extent of the civilization. Artefacts from the
civilization have now been discovered at over a
thousand sites, stretching from the Iranian border to
south India, about 1,500 kilometres from the initial
excavations. Concerning the origins of yoga, one of the
most discussed archaeological finds from the Indus
culture is what is usually referred to as the 'proto-Shiva'
seal (of which there are anumber of examples) made of
steatite, which depicts a figure seated in what looks like
a yoga posture, wearinga head dress with curved horns,
and in some examples, surrounded by several kinds of
animals.
Karel Werner writes that "Archeological discoveries
allow us therefore to speculate with some justification
that a wide range of Yoga activities was already known
tothe people of pre-Aryan India." A seal recently (2008)
uncovered in the Cholistan desert was described by Dr.
Archaeology
Thomas
Valley
a or baddha John
images thatpa?upati)
"proto-Shiva"
Flood Pashupati'
"speculative",
that
in mulabhandasana
figures discoverer, idea figure.
Indus
"yogr". or theSe Gavin orposture,
the Sanskrit
Universityshowutkatasana
mysterious a discount
the human
a of represented as from
figure.
depicting known
exception
its view yoga
by Animals, clear arepresent
BCE):
as
seal" authorities Rudra
Rudra a
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it
not in
seated(1500-800
as "The "Pashupati
that
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mnost (Lord it
Shiva to
believed
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in The
images...all figure Period
writes known the thesay
"Pashupati"
Departmentthe" whoMany a characterizes to
Farzand named represents
on the is
McEvilley possibly Marshall,
konasana.
Vedic
shape
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the Vedas
India the
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in Among whereas
ritualistic
hymns.
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is The CE):
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ancient explained practice,
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are is the during typesVedas. BCE-200
the
and
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to Vedas. Niyama,activity the variousthe
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Vedas the
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references
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a
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Upanishads, in
yoga, of
knowledge
spiritual of hard becomes further are yoga
sources
essences yogatma to yoga steadfast reached epics,
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