“POVERTY IN INDIA”

A ENGLISH PROJECT REPORT

SUBMITTED BY
JENSIKA MANIYA
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE
SSCE – 2024-25
IN
ENGLISH (301)
AT

J.B DIAMOND & KARP IMPEX VIDYA

SANKUL
LASKANA , KAMREJ ROAD , SURAT
 Index
SN. NO Content Page no.

1. Certificate 3

2. Acknowledgement 4

3. Introduction 5

4. Interview 6 - 11

5. Essay 12 - 17

6. Bibliography 18
 CertIfICate
This is certify that Ms. JENSIKA MANIYA is a student
of J.B DIAMOND KARP IMPEX VIDYA SANKUL , who
has successfully completed the project work on title
“ POVERTY IN INDIA” in English (301) assigned to
her as a part of SSCE curriculum during the
academic year 2024 – 25.
We found that her sincere , hardworking and
disciplined girl. We wish all the success for her
future endeavours.

…..…………………… …………………….....
( signature of internal examiner) ( signature of external examiner)

………………………………
( signature of principal)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude
to my chemistry teacher MRS. NIDHI Goel as well as
our principal MR. GAURANG PATEL sir who gave me
the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project
on “ POVERTY IN INDIA” which also helped me in
doing a lots of research work and I came to know
about so many new things. I am really thankful to
them.
Secondly , I would also like to thank my parents and
friends who helped me a lot in finalizing this project
within the limited time frame. I am making this project
not only for marks but also to increase my knowledge.
 IntroduCtIon
Poverty in India is a pressing issue that impacts
millions of lives, particularly in rural areas. Despite
significant economic growth, a large portion of the
population continues to struggle with inadequate
access to basic necessities such as food, education,
healthcare, and housing. Factors like unemployment,
rapid population growth, and social inequalities
exacerbate the problem, leading to a widening gap
between the rich and the poor. The government has
launched several initiatives, such as employment
schemes and food security programs, to alleviate
poverty. However, achieving sustainable
development and equitable distribution of resources
is essential to address the root causes effectively.
 IntervIew :
Survey 1 :-
Name :- Armaan Poddar
Gender :- Male

Q: What is poverty, and how is it measured in

India?
Ans :- Poverty is the state where individuals lack
sufficient resources to meet their basic needs, such
as food, clothing, shelter, education, and healthcare.
In India, poverty is measured using the poverty line,
which is based on income or consumption levels. The
Tendulkar Committee defined the poverty line by
estimating the minimum income needed to access
essential goods and services. Recently,
multidimensional poverty indices (MPI) have also
been used to measure deprivation in health,
education, and living standards.
 Survey :- 2
Name :- Abhira Sharma
Gender :- Female

Q: What are the main causes of poverty in India?

Ans:- The primary causes of poverty in India include:
1. Unemployment and Underemployment: Many
people lack stable, well-paying jobs, particularly
in rural areas.
2. Social Inequalities: Discrimination based on
caste, gender, and ethnicity limits access to
opportunities.
3. Economic Disparities: Unequal distribution of
wealth and resources widens the income gap.
4. Rapid Population Growth: Strains resources and
infrastructure.
5. Dependence on Agriculture: Low productivity
and lack of modernization in agriculture hinder
rural development.
 Survey : 3
Name :- Ashima Gupta
Gender :- Female
Q: What are some major government programs
aimed at reducing poverty in India?
Ans:- Key government programs include:
1.MGNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural
Employment Guarantee Act): Provides rural
households with guaranteed employment.
1. National Food Security Act: Ensures subsidized
food grains to eligible households.
2. PMAY (Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana): Aims to
provide affordable housing.
3. Skill India Mission: Focuses on vocational
training for employment.
 Survey :- 4
Name :- Vivek Nakrani
Gender :- Male
Q: What is the current status of poverty in India?
Ans:-Poverty in India has declined significantly over
the years due to economic growth and government
initiatives. However, a large portion of the population
still struggles with basic needs, particularly in rural
areas. According to recent studies, multidimensional
poverty, which includes education, health, and living
standards, remains a challenge despite progress in
reducing income-based poverty. According to the
NITI Aayog report, India’s multidimensional poverty
rate dropped from 29.17% in 2013-14 to 11.28% in
2022-23, with nearly 25 crore people moving out of
poverty during this period. The poverty rate,
measured by the national poverty line, is now
estimated to be below 5%.
 Survey :- 5
Name :- Himanshu Dobariya
Gender :- Male
Q: What role does education play in alleviating
poverty?
Ans :-Education plays a crucial role in alleviating
poverty by empowering individuals with the skills,
knowledge, and opportunities needed to improve
their living standards. Here’s how education
contributes to poverty reduction:
1. Improves Employment Opportunities.
2. Enhances Productivity and Economic Growth.
3. Reduces Inequality.
4. Promotes Health and Well-being.
5. Encourages Entrepreneurship.
6. Reduces Vulnerability to Exploitation.
7. Improves Social Mobility.
Education is a powerful tool for breaking the cycle of
poverty. It not only improves individual outcomes but
also contributes to broader societal and economic
development.
 Survey :- 6
Name :- Akshara Birla
Gender :- Female
Q: How does poverty impact education in India?

Ans:-Poverty significantly impacts education in

India, creating barriers for millions of children from
low-income families. Financial constraints force
many to drop out of school to contribute to household
income through child labour. Even free government
schools often involve indirect costs, such as books,
uniforms, and transportation, which impoverished
families cannot afford.
In rural areas, where poverty is more pronounced,
schools frequently lack infrastructure, trained
teachers, and learning resources, leading to poor
educational outcomes. Health and nutrition, critical
for effective learning, are also compromised in
poverty-stricken households.
 essay on poverty In
IndIa :-

• What is Poverty?
Poverty is defined as the lack of sufficient money
to meet basic needs such as food and shelter.
Poverty is a situation in which a person is homeless
and has very little money. Due to the growing
population in urban areas, India’s poverty rate is
rising. The most important fact is that huge numbers
of people live in poverty, with the majority living on the
edge of it. Poverty in India is mostly observed in rural
regions due to a large number of uneducated and
unemployed people within the growing population.
Many people cannot afford proper food for their daily
lives, and because they do not have their own homes,
they sleep on streets or footpaths. As a result, more
people require more food, money, and shelter, but
poverty grows rapidly due to a lack of these
resources. This is why the rich become richer and the
poor become poorer, making it difficult to bridge the
gap. Poverty has several consequences, including
poor housing, illiteracy, increased child labour and
unemployment, and poor hygiene. As a result, these
poor individuals cannot afford a balanced diet,
decent clothes, or a good education for the simple
reason that they do not have enough money.
• Ways to Reduce Poverty :
Poverty may be reduced by providing sufficient
education and facilities to farmers, allowing them to
become more profitable and not feel the need to
migrate to cities in search of work. Also, uneducated
individuals should receive a good education to
improve their lives, and family planning is also
necessary for getting out of poverty. Poverty in our
country dates back to ancient times, when the poor
were not given the same privileges as the wealthy,
and they were even denied access to religious
places. Unemployment, a lack of education, poor
resource utilization, corruption, and poor
government policy are all major causes of poverty.
In India, poverty is high when compared to other
nations due to the poor growth rate of per capita
income per person. Due to a lack of career prospects,
many individuals work as rickshaw pullers,
construction labourers, domestic servants, and other
low-wage jobs, which leads them to live in slum
areas.
In addition, lack of land resources has been one of
the key reasons for poverty in India; even small
farmers in our nation are poor since they cultivate but
do not receive fair pay in terms of profit, resulting in
poverty.
• The population of India as a Major Cause of
Poverty :
Since the beginning of time, poverty has been an
unavoidable problem. Under British colonial
authority, poverty in India worsened from the late 19th
century through the early 20th century, peaking in the
1920s. During this time, the colonial government de-
industrialized India by restricting the production of
finished garments and other goods by Indian
craftsmen.
From then till recent times, the situation has been
quite the same or has even worsened in many places.
In 2013, the Indian government reported that 21.9%
of the country’s population lived below the official
poverty line. In other words, India, which accounted
for 17.5% of the world population, had 20.6% of the
world’s poorest people in 2013. Rural areas are home
to a huge number of poor people. Poverty is more
severe among members of scheduled castes and
tribes in the country’s rural areas.
• Population Trends in India :
India’s population has been rapidly increasing. In
1991, India’s population was around 84.3 crores, with
a high rate of poverty; now, our country’s population
is around 130 crores, with the population nearly
doubling in the last three decades, but not enough
has been done to control poverty in our country. As
the population grows, so does unemployment, and
poverty is just a reflection of unemployment. More
capital is necessary for developing industry, providing
adequate transportation, and other projects, as a
result of which the country’s deficiency is
underdeveloped and more people live in poverty.
Lack of skilled labour also contributes to poverty
since less-skilled workers lack industrial training and
education and miss out on opportunities that more
skilled workers can avail. Lack of infrastructure
means that transportation and communication have
not been properly developed, resulting in farmers
receiving fertilisers for cultivation late and industries
receiving power and raw materials not on time and
thus, end products not being properly marketed and
reaching customers on time. Hence, to escape
poverty, our government must be more serious, and
citizens must share equal responsibility.
Conclusion :
Remarkably, as a result of rural-to-urban migration,
the incidence of rural poverty has fallen steadily. First
and foremost, population growth should be strictly
controlled to tackle the serious problem of poverty.
Other approaches to fight this problem include
expanding work possibilities, educating people,
eliminating black money, decentralized planning, and
assisting women and youth in becoming self-
sufficient. Empowering the weaker and most
backward sections of society is also expected to help
reduce poverty.
 BIBlIography
• www.chatgtp.com
• www.wikipedia.com
• www.cnn.com
• www.indiatoday.com