Chemistry project
class xii
2024-25
By; Abdul Waaris
Name: Abdul Waaris Shanavas
Class: 12 E
Gr. No: 1418
Roll No:
Topic: Ions present in different toothpaste
samples
Teacher-in-Charge: Mrs. Prasuna Vissapragada
Internal Examiner Signature:
Principal Signature:
External Examiner Signature:
I would like to express my special thanks of
gratitude to my teacher Mrs. Prasuna
Vissapragada as well as our principal Dr.
Rishikesh Padegaonkar who gave me the
golden opportunity to do this wonderful
project on the topic Ions present in different
toothpaste samples.
This also helped me in doing a lot of
Research and I came to know about so many
new things. I am really thankful to them.
Secondly, I would also like to thank my
parents and friends who helped me a lot in
finalizing this project within the limited time
frame.
There is a wide variety of toothpastes an
relatedproducts available today in the
market for oral hygiene. However, for a
common man, differentiated on the basis of
quality is really difficult with all the fancy
advertisements and offers. Toothpaste
contains a mildly abrasive substance such as
calcium carbonate and a detergent or soap,
some sweetening agent other than sugar and
flavoring oils to make it pleasant to taste and
smell. Some toothpaste contains fluorides
which make the enamel surface of the tooth
more resistant to bacterial activity and act
against Micro-organisms as a metabolic
poison.
Generally, any standard toothpaste contains
calcium carbonate, sodium monofluoro
phosphate, sodium laurel sulphate, zinc
sulphate, alum; some flavoring are also
added. This project basically deals with the
detection various ions in toothpaste that
determines its quality, and thus, a
comparison between the prominent
toothpaste brands.
The main aim is to determine the quality of
toothpaste by determining the ions present
in it
Toothpastes
1. Colgate
2. Close-up
Chemicals
1. Hydrochloric acid
2. Dilute Sulphuric acid
3. Concentrated Sulphuric acid
4. Barium Chloride
5. Ammonium Chloride
6. Ammonium Hydroxide
7. Ammonium Carbonate
8. Acetic acid
9. Nitric acid
10. Silver Nitrate
11. Calcium Chloride
12. Potassium Ferrocyanide
13. H2S Gas
Equipments
1. Test tubes
2. Beakers
3. Flasks
4. Flame
5. Spatula
In qualitative analysis, the given compound
is analyzedfor the radicals, that is, cations
and anions that it contains. The common
procedure of testing on unknown salt is to
make Its solution and then test this solution
for the ions present in it. Then preliminary
tests such as colors, odor, dry heating, flame
test etc. are performed. These tests are
common for all samples under salt analysis.
Further, there are separate procedures for
detecting cations and anions
After the preliminary tests are over with, to
identify the anion, three indicatory tests are
carried out. They can divide in to three
categories each with separate group
reagent. Therefore anion may be identified
by performing the following tests in the
order given. Dilute Sulphuric acid,
concentrated Sulphuric acid, independent
group (SO4-2, PO4 -3 ). After an anion is
indicated, confirmatory tests are carried
out, corresponding to the anion.
To identify the cations, we have been using
the flame test (a preliminary test) indication.
Whichever cation is indicated, it is confirmed
on the basis of corresponding tests.
Colgate
Test for anion
S.No. Experiment Observation Inference
Preliminary
1
tests
Colour White
Odour Minty smell
Colourless, CO3-2
Dry heating odourless may be
gas present
Ca2+ may
Reddish
Flame test be
flame
present
Confirmatory
2
test
To the sample
A white CO3-2
add MgSO4
precipitate confirmed
solution
To the sample Brisk CO3-2
add dilute HCl effervescence confirmed
Conc. H2SO4
3
test
To the sample Conc.
add few drops H2SO4
No change
of conc. group
H2SO4 absent
Independent
4
tests
For SO4 2-
To the sample
white SO4 2-
add BaCl2
precipitate confirmed
solution
To the sample
add lead white SO4 2-
acetate precipitate confirmed
solution
For PO4 3-
Add conc.
HNO3 to the
sample and
boil it, then
Deep yellow PO4 3-
add
colour confirmed
ammonium
molybate
soln. and
again boil it
Test for cation
S.No. Experiment Observation Inference
Group 0
To the sample
Group 0
1 add NaOH No change
absent
soln. and heat
it
Group I
Group I
2 To the sample No change
absent
add dilute HCl
Group II
To the above Group II
3 No change
test tube pass absent
H2S
Group III
To the sample
add NH4Cl, Group III
4 No change
boil it, add absent
NH4OH in
excess
To the above
Group IV
5 filtrate in group III No change
absent
pass H2S
Group V
To the sample add
a white Group V
6 NH4OH and
precipitate present
(NH4)2CO3
solution
Dissolved the ppt. in CH3COOH and dived the
solution into 3 parts
To the first part
Ba2+
a add K2CrO4 No change
absent
solution
To the second part Sr2+
b No change
add (NH4)2SO4 absent
To the third part
add (NH4)2C2O4 A white Ca2+
c
and NH4OH precipitate confirmed
solution
Ions present: CO3 2-, Ca2+, SO4 2-, PO4 3-
Close-up
Test for anion
S.No. Experiment Observation Inference
Preliminary
1
tests
Colour Red
Menthol
Odour
smell
SO3 2-
Suffocating
Dry heating may be
smell
present
Ca2+ may
Reddish
Flame test be
flame
present
Colourless,
Dilute H2SO4
pungent
test
smell turns SO 3 2-
To the sample
2 acidified may be
add some
K2Cr2O7 present
drops of dil.
solution
H2SO4
green
Confirmatory
3
tests
To the sample
a white SO3 2-
add BaCl2
precipitate confirmed
solution
To the ppt.
from above
Pink colour SO3 2-
step add
discharge confirmed
KMNO4
solution
Test for cation
S.No. Experiment Observation Inference
Group 0
To the sample
Group 0
1 add NaOH No change
absent
soln. and heat
it
Group I
Group I
2 To the sample No change
absent
add dilute HCl
Group II
To the above Group II
3 No change
test tube pass absent
H2S
Group III
Group III
To the sample
A brown present,
4 add NH4Cl
precipitate Fe3+
and NH4OH in
detected
excess
Dissolve the
ppt. in dilute
Prussian Fe3+
HCl and add
blue colour confirmed
potassium
ferrocyanaide
Group IV
To the above Group IV
5 No change
test tube pass absent
H2S
Group V
To the sample
A white Group V
6 add NH4OH
precipitate present
and
(NH4)2CO3
Dissolved the ppt. in CH3COOH and dived the
solution into 3 parts
To the first part
Ba2+
a add K2CrO4 No change
absent
solution
To the second part Sr2+
b No change
add (NH4)2SO4 absent
To the third part
add (NH4)2C2O4 A white Ca2+
c
and NH4OH precipitate confirmed
solution
Ions present: SO3 2-, Ca2+, Fe3+
Ions Colgate Close-up
Ca2+ Yes Yes
SO3 2- No Yes
Fe3+ Yes Yes
SO4 2- Yes No
CO3 2- Yes No
PO4 3- Yes No
On the basis of comparative inference
table, we see that Colgate is better
toothpaste as it contains majority of
essential constituents (anions and cations)
of a toothpaste.
Handle the chemicals carefully.
Use test tube holder to hold the test
tube.
Never add water to conc. Acids.
Never touch any chemicals with hands
directly.
Use a dropper for concentrated acids.
Don't smell the vapours from too
close.
