َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬

‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

Carbohydrate chemistry
1. Which of the following Monosaccharide doesn't have asymmetric carbon atom ?:
a. Glucose
b. Glyceraldehyde
c. Fructose
d. Dihydroxyacetone (keto triose)

2. Glucose and galactose are:

a. Anomers.
b. Constituents of sucrose.
c. D & L isomers.
d. Epimers

3. D-glucose and D-mannose are Epimers with respect to carbon atom number:
a. 3
b. 2
c. 4
d. 5

4. D-glucuronic acid is an example of:

a. Aldonic acid.
b. Aldaric acid
c. Uronic acid
d. Saccharic acid

5. Reduction of Monosaccharides yields:

a. Sugar alcohols
b. Sugar acids
c. amino sugars
d. Deoxy-sugar

6. Hydrogen gas in presence of a metal can reduce fructose to:

a. Mannitol
b. Ribitol
c. Glycerol
d. Glucose
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

7. Ascorbic acid is an example of:

a. Sugar acid
b. Sugar alcohol
c. Sugar phosphate
d. Deoxy-sugar

8. All the following are reducing sugars except:

a. Maltose
b. Lactose
c. Sucrose
d. None of the above

9. A disaccharide formed of two glucose units is:

a. Lactose
b. Maltose
c. Sucrose
d. Amylose

10. Milk sugar is:

a. Sucrose
b. Maltose
c. Cellobiose
d. Lactose

11. Cane sugar is:

a. Maltose
b. Cellobiose
c. Lactose
d. Sucrose

12. Malt sugar is:

a. Lactose
b. Maltose
c. Sucrose
d. Cellobiose
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

13. Starch is an example of:

a. Galactosans
b. Fructosans
c. Mannosans
d. Glucosaminans
e. Glucosans

14. Starch is an example of:

a. Structural polysaccharides present in animals
b. Structural polysaccharides present in plants
c. Nutrient polysaccharides present in animals
d. Nutrient polysaccharides present in plants

15. A polysaccharide indigestible by man is

a. Amylopectin
b. Glycogen
c. Cellulose
d. Amylose

16. A branch component of starch is:

a. Glucose
b. Amylopectin
c. Amylose
d. Maltose

17. Which of the following statements characterizes glucose:

a. It usually exists in the furanose form
b. It is a ketose
c. Carbon 2 is the anomeric carbon atom
d. It forms part of the disaccharide sucrose

18. Glucuronic acid is produced from ..................... Of Glucose.

a. Oxidation of first carbon
b. Oxidation of last carbon
c. Reduction of first carbon
d. Reduction of last carbon
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

19. Ribitol is:

a. Deoxy sugar
b. Amino sugar
c. Sugar alcohol
d. Sugar acid

20. Inulin is a simple polysaccharide built up of:

a. Glucosamine
b. Galactose
c. Fructose
d. Aldose

21. The end products of glycogen hydrolysis by acid is:

a. Dextrin
b. Maltose
c. Amylose
d. Glucose

22. The richest site for fructose in the body is:

a. Mammarygland
b. Seminal fluid
c. Thyroidgland
d. Prostate

23. Which statement is incorrect:

a. Glucose and mannose are Epimers
b. α- and β-glucose are Anomers
c. Glucose and galactose are Anomers
d. Ribose and xylose are epimers

24. All the following sugars and sugar derivatives are L form except :
a. Ascorbic acid
b. Iduronic acid of Heparan sulfate
c. Fructose of glycoproteins
d. Glucuronic acid
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

25. Sorbitol is:

a. A sugar alcohol
b. Obtained from glucose
c. Obtained from fructose
d. All of these

26. Cellulose is:

a. Formed of β-glucose
b. Not digested in human intestine
c. A simple polysaccharide
d. All of the above

27. Dextrose is:

a. An aldopentose
b. An aldohexose
c. A ketohexose
d. A ketopentose

28. Starch is:

a. A heterogeneous polysaccharide
b. Composed of β-glucose
c. Not digested by amylase
d. All of the above
e. None of the above

29. Carbohydrates in Glycoproteins are always O-linked.

a. True
b. False

30. Lactose is:

a. A non-reducing sugar
b. Formed of α-glucose and β-fructose
c. both of these
d. None of these

31. Carbohydrates in Proteoglycans are usually O-linked.

a. True
b. False
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

32. Amylase enzyme can hydrolyse

a. Starch
b. Dextrins
c. Glycogen
d. All of these

33. Which carbohydrate will you find in greatest abundance in potatoes?

a. starch
b. cellulose
c. sucrose
d. glycogen
e. lactose

34. All of the following are sugar alcohols except :

a. Galactitol
b. Mannitol
c. Xylulose
d. Sorbitol

35. The glycosidic linkage seen in sucrose is :

a. Alpha 1-4
b. Beta 1-4
c. Alpha 1-6
d. Alpha 1-2

36. Which of the following does not have glycosidic bonds :

a. Maltose
b. Sucrose
c. N-acetyl glucosamine
d. lactose

37. Sucrose consists of :

a. α-glucose + β glucose
b. α-glucose + β fructose
c. α-glucose + β galactose
d. α-glucose + β mannose
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

38. All the following bonds are non-covalent except :

a. Bond between core proteins and GAGs
b. Bond between hyaluronic acid and link protein
c. Bond between link protein and core protein
d. Both A and B

39. The glycosidic linkage seen in lactose is :

a. Alpha 1- 4
b. Beta 1-4
c. Alpha 1-6
d. Alpha 1-2

40. The glycosidic linkage seen in maltose is :

a. Alpha 1-4
b. Beta 1-4
c. Alpha 1-6
d. Alpha 1-2

41. Hetero polysaccharide that doesn't contain uronic acid is :

a. Keratan sulphate
b. Dermatan sulphate
c. Chondroitin sulfate
d. Hyaluronic acid

42. D-glucose and D-fructose are :

a. Epimers at C 2
b. Epimers at C 4
c. Anomers
d. Aldose ketose isomers

43. All of the following are glucosans except:

a. Starch
b. Inulin
c. Cellulose
d. Glycogen
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

44. Amylopectin isn't characterized by which of the following properties :

a. It is a branched polymer
b. It's structure is very close to glycogen
c. Contains α1-4 and α1-6 bonds
d. Hydrolysis by amylase gives maltose and fructose

45. Cellulose isn't characterized by which of the following:

a. It is a glucosan
b. It is linear polymer
c. Consists of β-glucose units
d. Easily digested as it contains glycosidic bonds

46. The only sulfate free GAG is :

a. Heparin
b. Hyaluronic acid
c. Keratan sulphate
d. Dermatan sulfate

47. Cellulose is not digested as it contains :

a. It contains α-glucosidic bonds
b. It contains β-galactosidic bonds
c. It contains β-glucosidic bonds
d. It contains α-fructosidic bonds

48. Storage CHO in plants :

a. Starch
b. Cellulose
c. Glycogen
d. GAGs

49. Storage CHO in animals :

a. Starch
b. Cellulose
c. Glycogen
d. GAGs
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

50. Structural CHO in plants :

a. Starch
b. Cellulose
c. Glycogen
d. GAGs

51. Structural CHO in animals :

a. Starch
b. Cellulose
c. Glycogen
d. GAGs

52. The only Uronic acid free GAG is :

a. Hyaluronic acid
b. Chondroitin Sulfate
c. Keratan Sulfate
d. Heparan Sulfate
e. Dermatan Sulfate

53. The major GAG present in cartilage is :

a. Hyaluronic acid
b. Chondroitin Sulfate
c. Keratan Sulfate
d. Heparan Sulfate
e. Dermatan Sulfate
54. Important for corneal transparency :
a. Hyaluronic acid
b. Chondroitin Sulfate
c. Keratan Sulfate
d. Heparan Sulfate
e. Dermatan Sulfate

55. Important anti-coagulant GAG :

a. Hyaluronic acid
b. Chondroitin Sulfate
c. Heparin
d. Heparan Sulfate
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

56. GAG that plays a role in cell membrane receptors :

a. Hyaluronic acid
b. Chondroitin Sulfate
c. Keratan Sulfate
d. Heparan Sulfate
e. Dermatan Sulfate

57. GAG that is important for maintenance of shape of sclera :

a. Chondroitin Sulfate
b. Keratan Sulfate
c. Heparan Sulfate
d. Dermatan Sulfate

58. The major component of proteoglycans is usually :

a. Carbohydrates
b. Lipids
c. Proteins
d. None of the above

59. The major component of Glycoproteins is usually :

a. Carbohydrates
b. Lipids
c. Proteins
d. None of the above

60. 2 Monosaccharides that differ from each other in 1 carbon not the anomeric :
a. Epimers
b. D & L isomers
c. Aldose Ketose isomers
d. Alpha and Beta anomers

61. 2 Monosaccharides that differ from each other in 1 carbon which is the anomeric :
a. Epimers
b. D & L isomers
c. Aldose Ketose isomers
d. Alpha and Beta anomers
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

62. 2 Monosaccharides that differ from each other in Functional group :

a. Epimers
b. D & L isomers
c. Aldose Ketose isomers
d. Alpha and Beta anomers

63. 2 Monosaccharides that differ from each oth group :

a. Epimers
b. D & L isomers
c. Aldose Ketose isomers
d. Alpha and Beta anomers

64. All of the following can form osazone except :

a. Maltose
b. Lactose
c. Sucrose
d. None of the above

65. Sugar acids are produced by .............. Of Monosaccharides :

a. Oxidation
b. Reduction
c. Fermentation
d. Decarboxylation

66. D-sugars :
a. Must be Dextrorotatory
b. Doesn't occur in nature
c. Subterminal OH on the right d. Iduronic acid is an example

67. Number of Asymmetric Carbon Atoms in Mannose :

a. 3
b. 4
c. 5
d. 6

68. Nan Example of Ketotriose :

a. Glyceraldhyde
b. Ribose
c. Di Hydroxy Acetone
d. Fructofuranose
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

69. Acidic sulfated heteropolysaccharide :

a. Heparin
b. Hyaluronic acid
c. Starch
d. Inulin

70. Sugar containing Alpha 1,4 Bonds only:

a. Maltose
b. Sucrose
c. Starch
d. Cellulose

71. Non-digestable sugar :

a. Maltose
b. Lactose
c. Cellulose
d. Sucrose

72. Mannitol is produced by reduction of :

a. Glucose
b. Sucrose
c. Fructose
d. Myoinositol

73. All the following sugars contain β sugars in their structure except
a. Maltose
b. Sucrose
c. Lactose
d. Cellulose

74. Example of aldose ketose isomers a. Mannose and Fructose

b. Glucose and Galactose
c. Sucrose and Maltose
d. None of the above

75. Linear polymer of Glucose molecules :

a. Maltose
b. Glycogen
c. Cellulose
d. Starch
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

76. D-Glucuronic acid isn't present in which the

a. Chondroitin Sulfate
b. Keratan Sulfate
c. Heparan Sulfate
d. Dermatan Sulfate

77 .D-Glucosamine isn't present in which the following sugar :

a. Chondroitin Sulfate
b. Keratan Sulfate
c. Heparan Sulfate
d. Hyaluronic acid

78. .Which of the following bond isn't considered non covalent:

a. Between Link Protein and Core protein
b. Between Hyaluronic acid and Link Protein
c. Between Hyaluronic acid and Core Protein
d. Between Core Protein and GAGs

79. The richest site for fructose in the body is

a. Mammary Gland
b. Seminal Fluid
c. Thyroid Gland
d. Prostate

80. Which of the Following sugar isn't present in Glycoproteins :

a. NANA
b. Mannose
c. 6-deoxy D-Galactose
d. N-Acetyl D-Glucosamine

81. Glucosamine isn't considered a constituent of which of the following polysaccharide:

a. Hyaluronic acid
b. Chondroitin sulfate
c. Keratan sulphate
d. Heparan sulphate
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

82. A branched component of starch is:

a. Glucose
b. Amylopectin
c. Amylose
d. Maltose

83. Hyaluronic acid is found in:

a. Tendons
b. Cartilage
c. Joint
d. Sclera

84. The repeating unit of chondroitin sulphate is:

a. glucuronic acid : N-acetyl galactosamine
b. glucuronic acid : N-acetyl galactosamine sulphate
c. glucuronic acid : N-acetyl glucosamine
d. glucuronic acid : N-acetyl mannosamine

85. Which of the following statements characterizes glucose:

a. it usually exist in the furanose form
b. it is a ketose
c. carbon 2 is the anomeric carbon atom
d. it forms part of the disaccharide sucrose

86. The sugar residues of amylose are:

a. in beta 1,4 linkage
b. in alpha 1,4 linkage
c. galactose unit only
d. fructose units only

87. Heparin is :
a. a disaccharide
b. sulfated mucopolysaccharide
c. oligosaccharide
d. an amino sugar
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

88. Which of the following polysaccharide is not a polymer of glucose:

a. amylose
b. glycogen
c. inulin
d. amylopectin

89. Reduction of glucose produces:

a. mannitol
b. sorbitol
c. galactitol
d. glucuronic acid

90. Which statement is incorrect:

a. glucose and mannose are epimers
b. a and β glucose are anomers
c. Glucose and galactose are anomers
d. Ribose and ribulose are isomers

91. Sorbitolis:
a. A sugar alcohol
b. Obtained from glucose
c. Obtained from fructose
d. All of these

92. Galactosamine is present in the structure of:

a. Hyaluronic acid
b. Dermatan sulphate
c. Heparan sulphate
d. Keratan sulphate

93. ⍺- glucose isn't present in which of the following:

a. Starch
b. Glycogen
c. Amylopectin
d. Cellulose
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

94. Keratan sulphate found in abundance in:

a. Heart muscle
b. Liver
c. Adrenal cortex
d. Cornea

95. Maltose can be formed by hydrolysis of:

a. Starch
b. Dextrin
c. Glycogen
d. All of the above

96. Alpha -D-glucuronic acid is present in:

a. Hyaluronic acid
b. Chondroitin sulphate
c. Heparin
d. All of the above

97. Fructose is present in hydrolysate of:

a. Sucrose
b. Inulin
c. a,b
d. none of the above

98. The carbon atom which becomes asymmetric when the straight chain form of
monosaccharide changes into ring form is known as:
a. anomeric carbon atom
b. epimeric carbon atom
c. isomeric carbon atom
d. none of these

99. Which of the following is epimeric pair:

a. glucose and fructose
b. glucose and galactose
c. galactose and mannose
d. lactose and maltose
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

100. Alpha glycosidic bond present in:

a. lactose
b. maltose
c. sucrose
d. cellulose

101. N-acetyl glucosamine is present in:

a. Hyaluronic acid
b. Chondroitin sulphate
c. Dermatan sulphate
d. All of these

102. Synovial fluid contain:

a. Heparin
b. Hyaluronic acid
c. Chondroitin sulphate
d. Keratin sulphate

103. Which of the following is not a mixed polysaccharide:

a. Chondroitin sulfate
b. Heparin
c. Glycogen
d. Hyaluronic acid

104. Which of the following is true regarding the provided figure:

a. Formed of 2 D-glucose in pyranose form
b. Contain beta 1,2-glycosidic bond
c. Found in milk
d. On hydrolysis give fructose and glucose

105. L-iduronic acid is:

a. Is a component of hyaluronic acid
b. Contain an N-acetylated group
c. Form the glycoprotein bond in proteoglycans
d. Is epimer of glucuronic acid
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

106. In relation to epimers:

a. It is a mirror image of monosaccharide
b. It is a compound which rotate beam of polarized light to right or left
c. Isomers similar in all carbon atoms configuration except one
d. Mannose and glucose are epimers at carbon number 4

107. Which of the following is derivative of neuraminic acid:

a. D-glucose
b. Sialic acid
c. L-fructose
d. Hyaluronic acid

108. The structure shown is that of:

a. α D –glucofuranose
b. α D –fructofuranose
c. β D –glucopyranose
d. α D –glucopyranose
e. β D –glucofuranose

109. Glycosides are:

a. sugars that contain two monosaccharides linked by glycosidic linkage
b. monosaccharide in which a hydroxyl group is replaced by a hydrogen atom
c. molecules resulting from covalent linkage of a sugar and an acid
d. molecules resulting from covalent linkage of a sugar and an aldehyde
e. . products of condensation of D-mannosamine and pyruvic acid

110. Mucopolysaccharides are examples of:

a. structural polysaccharide present in animals
b. structural polysaccharide present in plants
c. nutrient polysaccharides present in animals
d. nutrient polysaccharides present in plants
e. none of the above

111. In relation to glucuronic acid, choose the incorrect answer:

a. it is formed FROM glucose by oxidation of carbon number 1
b. it is important in detoxification in our body
c. it is present in a number of polysaccharides
d. it is involved in the excretion of bilirubin
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

112. N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (sialic acid) has nine carbon atoms. Its carbon skeleton is
made by condensation of:
a. N-acetyl –glucose -6-phosphate and lactate
b. N-acetyl –glucose -6-phosphate and pyruvate
c. N-acetyl –galactose -6-phosphate and pyruvate
d. N-acetyl –mannosamine and pyruvate
e. N-acetyl –glucosamine -6-phosphate and lactate

113. Which of the following is example of a 5-carbon sugar?

a. Glucose
b. Ribose
c. Fructose
d. Glyceraldehyde

114. A person complaining of rapid fatigue was advised to check his blood sugar level.
What is the blood sugar?
a. Glucose
b. Fructose
c. Mannose
d. Galactose
115. What are epimers:
a. Sugars that differ in configuration at two carbon atoms
b. Sugar that differs in the number of carbon atoms
c. Sugars that differ in configuration at one carbon atom
d. Sugars that differ in configuration at the carbonyl group

116. Which of the following are products of cyclization of the

open chain form of glucose?
a. C2 epimers (glucose and mannose)
b. a/β anomers (a and β glucose)
c. Aldose/ketose isomers (glucose and fructose)
d. C4 epimers (glucose and galactose)

117. Vitamin C has many important roles in the body To which

of the following sugar derivatives is it related?
a. Sugar alcohol
b. Amino sugar
c. Sugar acid
d. Sialic acid
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

118. Which of the following is true about the provided formula?

a. 1 and 2 are pentoses
b. 1 and 2 are furanoses
c. 1 is the sugar of RNA
d. 2 is a nutrient for the sperm

119. Which of the following is correct about the composition of maltose?

a. Glucose and galactose
b. Glucose and fructose
c. 2 glucoses molecules
d. 2 galactose molecules

120. What is the principal carbohydrate storage product in animals?

a. Cellulose
b. Starch
c. Glycogen
d. Sucrose
e. Glucose
121. Which statement about the given structure formular is correct?
a. Its hydrolysis results in 2 molecules of D-galactose
b. The monosaccharide building blocks are present in furanose form
c. It constituents the building unit of starch structure
d. The two monosaccharide units are linked by β- glycosidic bond

122. Which of the following is formed from monosaccharide units linked by β-glycosidic
linkage?
a. Amylopectin
b. Maltose
c. Cellulose
d. Glycogen

123. What are the tissue with the highest total glycogen content?
a. Muscle and kidney
b. Kidney and liver
c. Liver and muscle
d. Brain and liver
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

124. Which of the following statements about the structure of glycogen is true?
a. It is unbranched chain stored in animal tissue
b. It is copolymer of glucose and galactose
c. Contains only a a,4 glycosidic linkage
d. It contains a1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds

125. Which statement about the function hyaluronic acid is correct?

a. The major glycosaminoglycan in cartilage
b. Important for transparency of cornea
c. Act as lubricant in synovial fluid
d. Helps in cell-cell interaction

126. Which of the following best describes D and L isomers?

a. Two monosaccharides differ only in the configuration around one specific carbon atom
(not the anomeric).
b. Are isomers which one of them is the mirror image of the other.
c. Two monosaccharides have the same molecular formulae but differ in their functional groups.
d. Are isomers of monosaccharides that differ from each other only in configuration about
the anomeric carbon.
127. Which of the following is produced by Oxidation of glucose?
a. Sialic acid.
b. Glucuronic acid.
c. Neuraminic acid.
d. Glucosamine

128. Which of the following best describes Glycosides?

a. Two monosaccharides differ only in the configuration around one specific carbon atom
b. Formed from a condensation between a sugar and another compound
c. Two isomers; one of them is the mirror image of the other
d. Oxidation products of monosaccharides

129. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the polysaccharides starch ,
glycogen and cellulose?
a. All have only α-1→4 glucosidic linkages.
b. Starch is built from a different monomer than are the others.
c. Each is built from a single type of monosaccharide.
d. Glycogen and cellulose differ in the extent of their branching.
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

130. Which of the following is not sugar alcohol?

a. Ribitol
b. Sorbitol
c. Sphingol
d. Inositol

131. Hyaluronic acid contains which of the following?

a. Sulfuric acid.
b. Glucuronic acid
c. Neuraminic acid
d. Pyruvic acid

132. The protein core of proteoglycan is rich in which of the following? A. Serine and
threonine
b. Serine and methionine.
c. Methionine and threonine.
d. Methionine and cysteine.

133. After digestion of apiece of cake that contain flour, milk, sucrose, as contain flour,
milk, sucrose, as its primary ingredient, the major carbohydrate products entering
blood are:
a. Glucose
b. Glucose and galactose
c. Glucose and fructose
d. Glucose, galactose, fructose

134. Which of the following is not disaccharide:

a. Hyaluronic acid
b. Maltose
c. Lactose
d. Sucrose

135. Which of the following carbohydrate is of no nutritional value?

a. Glycogen
b. Dextrin
c. Starch
d. Cellulose
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

136. Fructose and ribulose are:

a. Epimers
b. Anomers
c. Ketoses
d. Ketose aldose isomers

137. Which of the following is not a structural homo-polysaccharide:

a. Hyaluronic acid
b. Cellulose
c. Inulin
d. Starch

138. Which of the following is true about glucose:

a. It cannot be utilized by red blood cells
b. It has 4 asymmetric carbon atoms
c. Stored as starch in animals
d. Oxidized to glycerol

139. Which of the following is fructosan

a. Glycogen
b. Agar
c. Inulin
d. Cellulose

140. N-acetyl neuraminic acid is:

a. Sugar acid
b. Amino sugar
c. Amino sugar acid
d. Sugar alcohol

141. A polysaccharide formed from β1,4 glucosidic bond between glucose residue:
a. Inulin
b. Amylose
c. Agar
d. Cellulose
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

142. Which of the following sugars is levorotatory predominant:

a. Starch
b. Fructose
c. Sucrose
d. Glucose

143. Which of the following muco-polysaccharide Is non-sulfated and most abundant in

tissue?
a. Hyaluronic acid
b. Keratin sulphate
c. Heparin
d. Dermatan sulphate

144. Which of the following pairs is anomeric

a. D-glucose, L—glucose
b. α-D-glucose , β- D-glucose
c. D-glucose and L-fructose
d. α-D-glucose and β-L-glucose

145. The typical cyclic structure of α and β glucose is:

a. glucopyranose
b. glucoside
c. glucofuranose
d. glucosamine

146. Glucuronic acid is obtained from glucose by:

a. Reduction of carbon 1
b. Oxidation of carbon 1
c. Oxidation of carbon 6
d. Decarboxylation of carbon 6

147. L-iduronic acid is:

a. Is a component of hyaluronic acid
b. Contain an N-acetylated group
c. Form the glycoprotein bond in proteoglycans
d. Is epimer of glucuronic acid
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

148. Which of the following best describes neuraminic acid?

a. It is formed of mannosamine linked to pyruvic acid.
b. It is six-carbon amino sugar derivative.
c. It is present in phospholipids.
d. It is formed of glucosamine linked to lactic acid.

149. Two sugars which differ from one another in configuration around the
prelistcarbonatomare called:
a. Epimers
b. Anomers
c. D- and L- isomers
d. Aldose/ketose isomers.

150. How is glucose stored in animals:

a. As dextrose in pancrease.
b. As protein and cellulite in adipose tissue
c. As cellulose in thighs and abdominal cavity.
d. As glycogen in liver and muscles.

151. On hydrolysis, lactose gives one glucose and one:

a. Fructose
b. Galactose
c. Mannose
d. Ribose

152. Starch is a polymer made of the following monomers:

a. Alpha – glucose
b. Beta-glucose
c. Alpha-fructose
d. Alpha-galactose.

153. Which of the following is considered a nutrient for sperm cell?

a. Glucose
b. Galactose
c. Ribose
d. Fructose
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

154. In lactose between which of the following carbons there is a linkage?

a. C1,C2
b. C2,C3
c. C1,C4
d. C2,C4

155. A patient has a genetic defect that causes intestinal epithelial cells to produce
disaccharides of much lower activity than normal . Compared to a normal person,
after eating a bowel of milk and oatmeal, this patient will have higher levels of :
a. Maltose, sucrose and lactose in stool
b. Starch in stool
c. Galactose and fructose in the blood
d. Glycogen in the muscles.

156. While glycogen and starch consist of long chains of alpha1, 4glycosidic linkage, the
branching points on these molecules are formed through:
a. Alpha 1,6 glycosidic linkage
b. Alpha 1,2 glycosidic bonds
c. Beta 1,6 glycosidic linkage
d. Intramolecular hydrogen bonds
157. The supporting material in cell walls, wood and dietary fiber are examples of what
carbohydrate:
a. Glycogen
b. Starch
c. Cellulose
d. Glucose

158. In relation to glucuronic acid, choose incorrect answer:

a. Formed from glucose by oxidation of carbon number 1
b. Important in detoxification
c. Present in polysaccharide
d. Involved in bilirubin excretion

159. Hydrogen can reduce fructose to:

a. sorbitol
b. ribitol
c. glycerol
d. glucose
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

160. Glucose and fructose are differentiated by:

a. optical activity
b. osazone test
c. molish test
d. all of these

161. Α-D-glucoseandβ-D-glucoseare:
a. epimers
b. aldose-ketose isomers
c. anomers
d. stereoisomers

162. Cellulose is not digested as:

a. It contains α-glucosidic bond
b. It contains β-galactosidic bond
c. It contains β-glucosidic bond
d. It contains α-fructosidic bond

163. Cellulose id characterized by all of the following ,except:

a. It is glucosan
b. Linear polymer
c. Consist of β-glucose units
d. Easily digested as it contains α-glucosidic bond

164. Which of the following isn't related to amylopectin:

a. It is a branched polymer.
b. It is structure is very near to glycogen.
c. Contains α1,4 and α1,6 glucosidic bond.
d. Hydrolysis by amylase gives maltose and fructose.

165. Which of the following are aldohexose?

a. Ribose, fructose, erythrose
b. Fructose, ribose, ribulose
c. Lactose, sucrose, maltose
d. Glucose, mannose, galactose
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

166. Galactosamine is present in the structure of:

a. Hyaluronic acid
b. Dermatan sulphate
c. Heparan sulphate
d. Keratan sulphate

167. What is the molecular formula of glucose:

a. CH3OH
b. C12H22O11
c. C6H12O6
d. C6H12O5

168. What is the type of inulin?

a. glucosans.
b. fructosans.
c. galactosans.

169. Which alcohol is the result fructose and glucose reduction?

a. Mannitol.
b. Sorbitol.
c. galactitol

170. Which type of GAGS is found in the synovial fluid ?

a. Sulfated acidic heteroglycan.
b. sulfate free acidic heteroglycan.
c. Sulfate free neutral heteroglycan.
d. sulfated neutral heteroglycan

171. What has an immune function ?

a. proteoglycan.
b. Glycoprotein.
c. GAGs.
d. Mucopolysaccharides
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

Carbohydrate chemistry Answers

1) d 2) d 3) b 4) c
5) a 6) c 7) a 8) c
9) b 10) a 11) d 12) b
13) d 14) d 15) c 16) b
17) d 18) d 19) c 20) c
21) d 22) b 23) c 24) d
25) d 26) d 27) b 28) d
29) b 30) d 31) a 32) d
33) a 34) c 35) d 36) c
37) b 38) a 39) b 40) a
41) a 42) d 43) b 44) d
45) d 46) b 47) c 48) a
49) c 50) b 51) d 52) c
53) b 54) c 55) c 56) d
57) d 58) a 59) c 60) a
61) d 62) c 63) d 64) c
65) a 66) c 67) b 68) c
69) a 70) a 71) c 72) c
73) a 74) a 75) c 76) b
77) a 78) d 79) b 80) c
81) b 82) b 83) c 84) b
85) d 86) b 87) b 88) c
89) b 90) c 91) d 92) b
93) d 94) d 95) d 96) d
97) c 98) a 99) b 100) b
101) a 102) b 103) c 104) c
105) d 106) c 107) b 108) c
109) a 110) a 111) a 112) d
113) b 114) a 115) c 116) b
117) c 118) d 119) c 120) d
121) c 122) c 123) d 124) c
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

125) b 126) b 127) b 128) c

129) c 130) b 131) a 132) d
133) a 134) d 135) c 136) a
137) b 138) c 139) c 140) d
141) b 142) a 143) b 144)a
145)c 146)d 147) a 148)c
149)d 150)b 151)a 152)d
153)c 154) a 155)a 156)c
157)a 158)a 159)a 160)c
161)c 162)d 163)d 164)d
165)b 166)c 167)c 168)
169)b 170)b 171)b
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

Lipids
1. Which of the following is not a phospholipid ?
a. Sphingomyelin.
b. Cerebroside.
c. Cephalin.
d. Lecithin.

2. The structure of stearic acid is :

a. 16 carbon, no double bond
b. 18 carbon, no double bond
c. 18 carbon, two double bond
d. 18 carbon, three double bond

3. The structure of oleic acid can be described as:

a. 16 carbon, no double bond
b. 18 carbon, one double bond
c. 18 carbon, two double bond
d. 18 carbon, three double bond

4. The major fat in adipose tissue is :

a. Phospholipid
b. Cholesterol
c. Sphingolipids
d. Triacyl glycerol

5. Which of the following statements is false regarding to phospholipid:

a. They can exist as ionic.
b. They have surfactant properties
c. They are components of biomembranes.
d. They are resistant to the action of enzymes

6. Sphingomyelin on hydrolysis doesn't yields which of the following:

a. Sphingosine
b. Glucose
c. Phosphate
d. Choline
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

7. Which of the following is not true about linoleic acid?

a. It contains 18 carbons.
b. It contains2 double bonds.
c. Not formed inside the body.
d. It is ω 3 FA.

8. A ganglioside on hydrolysis doesn't give which of the following:

a. Fatty acids
b. Glycerol
c. Sphingosine
d. N-acetyl neuraminic acids

9. Cholesterol contains how many carbon atoms ?

a. 6
b. 12
c. 27
d. 30

10. A saturated FA which contains 16 C atoms is :

a. Palmitoleic acid
b. Oleic acid
c. Stearic acid.
d. Plamitic acid.

11. Which of the following is not true about linolenic acid :

a. It contains 18 C atoms.
b. It contains 2 double bonds.
c. Not formed inside the body.
d. It is ω 3 FA.

12. FA in lung surfactants:

a. Palmitic acid only.
b. Stearic acid only.
c. Both of them.
d. None o f the above.
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

13. Phospholipids containing choline which doesn't include which of the following:
a. Phosphatidyl choline.
b. Sphingomyelin
c. Lecithin
d. Cardiolipins.

14. Ceramide consists of:

a. Sphingosine and galactose.
b. Sphingosine and FA.
c. Glycerol and galactose.
d. None of the above.

15. Which of the following aren't considered glycolipides:

a. Sulfatides.
b. Lecithin.
c. Ganglioside.
d. Cerebrosides.

16. Which of the following isn't considered sphingolipids:

a. Sphingomyelin
b. Sulfatides.
c. Cephalin.
d. Ganglioside.

17. The sphingolipid which contains NANA sialic acid is :

a. Sulfolipids.
b. Gangliosides.
c. Cerebroside.
d. Sphingomyelin.

18. Which of the following statement about lipids is false:.

a. They are an intracellular energy source.
b. They are poorly soluble in water.
c. They are structural components of membranes .
d. They are composed of only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

19. Fatty acids that are dietary essentials in humans include which of the following:
a. Palmitic acid
b. Stearic acid
c. Oleic acid
d. Linoleic

20. A compound normally used to conjugate bile acid is :

a. Serine
b. Glucuronic acid
c. Fatty acids
d. Glycine

21. Sphingosine isn't the backbone of which of the following:

a. Lecithin
b. Ganglioside
c. Cerebroside
d. Sphingomyelin

22. Which of the following is not a phospholipid:

a. Cerebroside
b. Cardiolipin
c. Lecithin
d. Sphingomyelin

23. If choline is replaced by ethanolamine, Lecithin will be :

a. Sphingomyelin
b. Lipositol
c. Cephalin
d. Cerebroside

24. Hydrogenation of Linoleic acid produces :

a. Linoleic acid
b. Palmitic Acid
c. Palmitoleic Acid
d. Stearic Acid
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

25. Lecithin contains:

a. Two fatty acids
b. Phosphate
c. Glycerol
d. Choline
e. All of the above

26. 18 Carbon FA is :
a. Stearic
b. Linoleic
c. Oleic
d. Linolenic
e. All of the above

27. Substance not steroid in nature :

a. Testosterone
b. Estrogen
c. Progesterone
d. Prostaglandins

28. Which of the following cannot be synthesized from Arachidonic acid:

a. Prostaglandins
b. Thromboxanes
c. Lipoxins
d. Interleukins

29. Esters of F.A with higher molecular weight monohydric alcohol are called :
a. Waxes
b. True fats
c. Derived Lipids

30. An example of poly unsaturated fatty acid is :

a. Oleic acid
b. Nervonic acid
c. Palmititic acid
d. Arachidonic acid
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

31. The number of double bonds in Linolenic acid is:

a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 1

32. Cephalin consists of Glycerol, fatty acids, phosphoric acid and:

a. Choline
b. Inositol
c. Ethanolamine
d. Sphingosine

33. Number of double bonds in Ergosterol is:

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

34. The cholesterol molecule is :

a. Benzene Derivative
b. Quinolone Derivative
c. Steroid
d. Aliphatic Fatty Acid

35. Constant element of fat is:

a. True Fats
b. Waxes
c. Phospholipids
d. Fat Soluble Vitamins

36. 7-dehydrocholesterol is a precursor for :

a. Vitamin D1
b. Vitamin D2
c. Vitamin D3
d. Vitamin D4
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

37. Bile Acids are Hydroxy Derivatives of:

a. Cholic Acid
b. Cholanic Acid
c. Chenodeoxy Cholic Acid
d. Lithocholic Acid

38. 2ry Bile Acids are obtained by ......... Dehydroxylation of 1ry Bile Acids .
a. 3
b. 7
c. 12
d. 17

39. Which of the following isn't considered one of ω 6 fatty acids:

a. Linoleic Acid
b. Arachidonic Acid
c. Linolenic Acid

40. Steroid nucleus can be catabolized ( broken ) in liver:

a. True
b. False

41. Brain Lipositol contains ............ Tri phosphate:

a. 1,2,3
b. 1,3,4
c. 2,3,5
d. 1,4,5
e. 1,2,5

42. Fatty acids present in lung surfactants:

a. Palmitic Acid only
b. Stearic Acid Only
c. All of the Above
d. None of the Above

43. Ceramide isn't present in which of the following compound:

a. Sulfatides
b. Sphingomyelin
c. Gangliosides
d. Lecithin
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

44. Arachidonic acid becomes essential when Linolenic acid is absent from diet:
a. True
b. False

45. 1 gm fat produces .............Kcal:

a. 9.1
b. 9.2
c. 9.3
d. 9.5
e. None of the above

46. Which of these FA has Anti-inflammatory Action?

a. Linoleic Acid
b. Linolenic Acid
c. Arachidonic Acid
d. All the above

47. Which of the Following doesn't Regulate Blood Cholesterol Level:

a. Olive oil
b. Salmon
c. Linoleic Acid
d. Linolenic Acid

48. What is the Importance of Cholesterol?

a. Main Sterol in Human Body
b. Component of Plasma membrane
c. Precursor of Bile acids, Vitamin D, Sex hormones, Cortical hormones
d. All the above

49. Which of the following alcohol used in wax:

a. Cholesterol
b. Glycerol
c. Sphingosine
d. Ethyl alcohol

50. Which of the isn't considered non-essential fatty acid:

a. Palmitic
b. Linoleic
c. Stearic
d. Oleic
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

51. Which of the following is precursor of prostaglandin:

a. Linoleic
b. Arachidonic
c. Linolenic
d. Oleic

52. Which of the following is animal sterol:

a. Ergosterol
b. Cholesterol
c. Stigma sterol
d. All of the above

53. Which of the following is intermediate in the synthesis of triglyceride and

glycerophospholipid:
a. Di-acylglycerol-3-p
b. Cholesterol
c. Lecithin
d. Inositol

54. Which of the following lipid is charged lipid:

a. Phospholipid
b. Cholesterol
c. Triacylglycerol
d. Glucocerebroside

55. Choose a molecule that act as a precursor for glycerophospholipid:

a. Cholesterol
b. D-glycerol -3-p
c. L-glycerol-3-p
d. NANA

56. All except one are fatty acids 18 carbon:

a. Oleic
b. Linoleic
c. Palmitic
d. Stearic
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

57. For which of the following compound cholesterol is precursor of:

a. Bile pigment
b. Bile acids
c. Vitamin K
d. Triacylglycerol

58. Glycerol is important in information of all of the following except:

a. Glucose
b. Phospholipid
c. Triglyceride
d. Glycolipid

59. Which of the following is the storage form of lipid:

a. Phospholipid
b. Glycolipid
c. Sulphlipid
d. Triglyceride

60. What is the component of galacto-cerebroside:

a. Sphingosine+ fatty acid+ galactose
b. Glycerol + fatty acid +phosphoric acid + galactose
c. Glycerol + fatty acid + galactose
d. Sphingosine+ fatty acid + phosphoric acid +galactose

61. Triacylglycerol is:

a. Energy rich compound
b. Non-polar in nature
c. Stored in unlimited amount
d. All of the above

62. The deficiency of lung surfactant dipalmitoyl choline lead to respiratory distress, di-
palmitoyl choline is:
a. Cerebroside
b. Ganglioside
c. Phospholipid
d. Lipoptotein
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

63. All of the following is glycolipid except:

a. Glucocerebroside
b. Galactocerebroside
c. Lecithin
d. ganglioside

64. Precursor of vitamin D3

a. Cholesterol
b. 7-dehydrocholesterol
c. Ergosterol
d. 22-dihydroergosterol

65. Cholic acid is:

a. 3,7-dihydroxy cholanic acid
b. 3-oh cholanic acid
c. 3,7,12-tri-oh cholanic acid
d. 3,7,12-oxy cholanic acid

66. Double bond in linolenic acid present at carbon:

a. 9
b. 9,12
c. 9,12,15
d. 9,12,15,18

67. Depot fat is:

a. Neutral fat
b. Wax
c. Phospholipid
d. Glycolipid

68. The most type of lipid soluble is:

a. TAG
b. Wax
c. Steroid
d. Phospholipid
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

69. Which of the following is a characteristic of phospholipid:

a. Always contain choline and glycerol
b. Are important source of energy
c. Are major component of cell membrane
d. Are not charged in the body

70. All of the following fatty acid synthesized in man except:

a. Linolenic
b. Palmoitoleic
c. Palmitic
d. Stearic

71. A choline residue presents in which lipid:

a. Phosphatidic acid
b. Ganglioside
c. Cholesterol
d. Sphingomyelin

72. Which of the following is not a phospholipid:

a. Cerebroside
b. Cephalin
c. Sphingomyelin
d. Lecithin

73. The number and position of double bond in arachidonic acid are:
a. 18:3;9,12,15
b. 18:1;9
c. 18:2;9,12
d. 20:4;5,8,11,14

74. 7-dehydrocholesterol is precursor of:

a. Vitamin D2
b. Vitamin D3
c. Vitamin D4
d. All of the above
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

75. In mammals the major lipid in adipose tissue is:

a. Phospholipid
b. Cholesterol
c. Sphingolipid
d. Triacylglycerol

76. Lecithin consists of:

a. Glycerol, fatty acids, phosphoric acid and choline
b. Glycerol, fatty acids, phosphoric acid and ethanolamine
c. Glycerol, fatty acids, phosphoric acid and inositol
d. Glycerol, fatty acids, phosphoric acid and serine

77. The precursor of vitamin D2 is:

a. Cholesterol
b. 7-dehydrocholesterol
c. Ergosterol
d. Cholecalciferol

78. Variable element of fat is:

a. Phospholipid
b. Monoacylglycerol
c. Bile acid
d. Triacyl glycerol

79. All of the following are functions of cholesterol except:

a. Cholesterol is present in plasma membrane
b. Cholesterol is precursor of steroid hormones
c. Cholesterol is precursor of prostaglandins
d. Cholesterol is the precursor of bile acid and bile salts

80. True statements about lipids include the following except:

a. They are an intracellular energy source
b. They are poorly soluble in water
c. They are structural components of membranes
d. They are composed only of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

81. Fatty acids that are dietary essentials in humans which of the following:
a. Palmitic acid
b. Stearic acid
c. Oleic acid
d. Linoleic acid

82. Sphingosine is the backbone of all the following except:

a. Lecithin
b. Ganglioside
c. Ceramide
d. Cerebroside
e. Sphingomyelin

83. Hydrolysis of a mixture of phospholipids may yield all of the following except:
a. Serine
b. Choline
c. Galactose
d. Glycerol
e. Phosphate

84. A substance not present in the hydrolytic products of lecithin is:

a. Saturated fatty acid
b. Glycerol
c. Phosphoric acid
d. Serine

85. If the choline moiety of lecithin is replaced by ethanolamine the product is:
a. Sphingomyelin
b. Inositol
c. Cephalin
d. Lipositol

86. Carbon number 1 in glycerophospholipid contain which type of fatty acid mostly:
a. Acetic acid
b. Butyric acid
c. Palmitic acid
d. Arachidonic acid
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

87. Fatty acids contain 18 carbon atoms:

a. Stearic acid
b. Oleic acid
c. Linolenic acid
d. All of these

88. The double bond in cholesterol is present between the following 2 carbon:
a. 4 and 5
b. 5 and 6
c. 7 and 8
d. 22 and 23

89. Substance not steroid in structure:

a. Testosterone
b. Progesterone
c. Ergosterol
d. Prostaglandin

90. If the fatty acid is esterified with an alcohol of high molecular weight instead of
glycerol, the resulting compound is:
a. Lipositol
b. Plasmalogen
c. wax
d. cephalin

91. The fatty acid present in sphingomyelin is:

a. lignoceric acid
b. acetic acid
c. palmitic
d. linolenic

92. Glycosphingolipids are a combination of:

a. ceramide with one or more sugar residues.
b. Glycerol with galactose
c. Sphingosine with galactose
d. Sphingosine with phosphoric
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

93. The importance of phospholipids as constituent of cell membrane is because they

possess:
a. Fatty acids
b. Both polar and nonpolar group
c. Glycerol
d. Phosphoric acid

94. Ganglioside are acidic cerebroside contain:

a. Pyruvic acid
b. Sialic acid
c. Sulphric acid
d. Hyaluronic acid

95. Phospholipid act as lung surfactant:

a. Cephalin
b. Lecithin
c. Phosphatidyl inositol
d. Phosphatidyl serine

96. Which of the following is omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid:

a. Linoleic
b. Linolenic
c. Arachidonic
d. Nervonic

97. Which of the following fatty acid used as precursor for prostaglandin:
a. Oleic
b. Nervonic
c. Linolenic
d. Arachidonic

98. Which of the following is true about essential fatty acids?

a. Contain only omega 3-double bond
b. Contain at least 4 double bonds
c. Are saturated fatty acids
d. Are poly unsaturated fatty acids
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

99. An infant was born premature with respiratory distress syndrome. Which of the
following is deficient in his lung?
a. Phosphatidic acid
b. Dipalmitoyl choline
c. Phosphatidyl ethanolamine
d. Phosphatidyl inositol

100. Which of the following is a sphingolipid?

a. Lecithin
b. Phosphatidyl inositol
c. Triacylglycerol
d. Ganglioside

101. Which of the following lipids is a glycolipid?

a. Sphingomylein
b. Sulfatide
c. Lecithin
d. Phosphatidylinositol

102. Which of the following is correct about cholesterol? It is

a. The precursor for prostaglandins
b. A component of cell membrane
c. One of the carotenoids
d. A plant sterol

103. Taking a high amount of egg yolk, meat and liver in diet may lead to increase of
which of the following in blood?
a. Phospholipid
b. Sphingomyelins
c. Carotenoid
d. Cholesterol

104. When a person is exposed to sun light, which of the following conversions can take
place in subcutaneous tissue:
a. Cholesterol ------------- 7-dehydro-cholesterol
b. Cholesterol --------------- taminD2
c. 7-dehydro-cholesterol ----------- tamin D2
d. 7-dehydro-cholesterol ----------- taminD3
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

105. Which of the following is correct regarding bile acids:

a. Primary bile acids are formed from 2ry bile acids in the intestine
b. 2ry bile acids are formed by deconjugation of 1ry bile acids
c. 1ry bile acids are formed by 7-dehydroxylation of 2ry bile acids
d. 2ry bile acids are formed from cholesterol in liver

106. Which of the following statement about triacylglycerols is NOT TRUE?

a. They generate more energy than glucose.
b. They are an essential component of the plasma membrane.
c. They are the variable elements of fat.
d. May be simple or mixed.

107. Which of the following is not glycerophospholipid?

a. Lecithin.
b. Cephalin.
c. Phosphatidylserine.
d. sphingomyelin.

108. When comparing glycosphingolipids and phosphosphingolipids, glycosphingolipids

a. are found in membranes of nervous tissues
b. contain ceramide
c. contain sugar moieties
d. contain fatty acid

109. Which of the following Compound lipids is containing choline?

a. Lecithin and cephalin
b. Lecithin and sphingomyelin
c. sphingomyelin and cephalin
d. sphingomyelin and cardiolipins

110. Which of the following is not formed from Cholesterol?

a. Steroid hormones.
b. Bile salts.
c. Vitamin D3.
d. VitaminC.
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

111. Which of the following best describes Primary bile acids?

a. any bile acids found in the small intestine.
b. synthesized in the intestine by bacteria.
c. synthesized in the liver from cholesterol.
d. converted to secondary bile acids by conjugation with glucose or taurine.

112. Which one of the followings is considered of the omege-3 FATTY ACIDS?
a. Oleicacid
b. Nervonic acid
c. Linoleic acid
d. Linolenic acid

113. All are correct as regards linolenic acid except:

a. It is an essential fatty acid
b. Dienoic (contain 2 double bond)
c. It is ω 3FA
d. It contain 18 carbon atoms

114. ....... And ........ Are example on bile acid formed in liver:
a. Cholic and 7-deoxy cholic
b. Chenodeoxycholic and lithocholic
c. Cholic and chenodeocycholic
d. Cholic and lithocholic

115. Which statement about bile acid is NOT CORRECT?

a. They are partly conjugated with taurine
b. Primary bile acids degraded to bile salts
c. They are synthesized from cholesterol
d. Secondary bile acids are formed from primary bile acids in intestine

116. Primary bile acids

a. Are any bile acids that are found in the intestinal tract
b. Are synthesized in the intestinal tract by bacteria
c. Are converted to secondary bile acids by conjugation with glycine or taurine
d. Are synthesized in hepatocyte directly from cholesterol
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

117. How are the three fatty acid bonded to the glycerol backbone in a triacylglycerol?
a. Peptide bonded
b. Hydroxylation
c. Esterification
d. Hydrogenation
e. Dehydrogenation

118. Phospholipid acting as surfactant:

a. Phosphatidyl serine
b. Cephaline
c. Dipalmitoyl choline
d. Phosphatidyl inositol

119. Fatty acid containing at least two double bond between its carbon are called:
a. Essential fatty acids
b. Saturated fatty acids
c. Non-essential fatty acids
d. True fats

120. Lecithin contain all of the following except:

a. Two fatty acid
b. Choline
c. Phosphoric acid
d. Glycerol
e. Sphingosine

121. The nitrogenous base in lecithin is:

a. Ethanolamine
b. Choline
c. Serine
d. Inositol

122. Sphingosine is not present in:

a. Cerebroside
b. Phosphatidic acid
c. Ganglioside
d. None of the above
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

123. Which of the following lipids contains N- Acetylneuraminic acid?

a. Sphingomylein
b. Ganglioside
c. Cerebroside
d. Phosphatidyl choline

124. Neutral fat include:

a. Sphingolipids
b. Phospholipids
c. Cholesterol
d. Triacylglycerol.

125. The blood cholesterol level in a patient is 250 mg/dl which fatty acid do they need ?
a. palmitic acid.
b. arachidonic acid.
c. oleic acid

126.Which fatty acid has double bond at omega 15 ‫؟‬

a. Oleic acid.
b. Palmitic acid.
c. Nervonic acid.
d. Arachidonic acid

127. Which type of lipids has a polar charge on it ?

a. cholesterol.
b. phospholipids .
c. A & B

128. Ceramide has …

a. amide linkage.
b. glucaside linkage.
c. covelant linkage

129. Which is an essential fatty acid?

a. Oleic acid.
b. Palmitic acid.
c. Linolenic acid.
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

130.What is the compound that contains steroid nucleus?

a. Sphingolipids.
b. Sodium cholicostate.
c. Gangliosides
Lipids Answers
1- B 2- B 3- B 4- D
5- A 6- B 7- D 8- B
9- C 10 - D 11 - B 12 - A
13 - D 14 - B 15 - B 16 - C
17 - B 18 - D 19 - D 20 - D
21 - A 22 - A 23 - C 24 - D
25 - E 26 - E 27 - D 28 - D
29 - A 30 - D 31 - B 32 - C
33 - C 34 - C 35 - C 36 - C
37 - B 38 - B 39 - C 40 - B
41 - D 42 - A 43 - D 44 - B
45 - C 46 - B 47 - C 48 - D
49 - C 50 - B 51 - B 52 - B
53 - A 54 - A 55 - C 56 - C
57 - B 58 - D 59 - D 60 - A
61 - D 62 - C 63 - C 64 - B
65 - C 66 - C 67 - A 68 - D
69 - C 70 - A 71 - D 72 - A
73 - D 74 - B 75 - D 76 - A
77 - C 78 - D 79 - C 80 - D
81 - D 82 - A 83 - C 84 - D
85 - C 86 - C 87 - D 88 - B
89 - D 90 - C 91 - A 92 - A
93 - B 94 - B 95 - B 96 - B
97 - D 98 - D 99 - B 100 - D
101 - B 102 - B 103 - D 104 - D
105 - B 106 - B 107 - D 108 - C
109 - B 110 - D 111 - C 112 - D
113 - B 114 - C 115 - B 116 - D
117 - C 118 - C 119 - A 120 - E
121 - B 122 - B 123 - B 124 - D
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

Protein
1. On of the amino acids listed below is not basic :
a. Arginine
b. Histidine
c. Glutamine
d. Lysine

2. Which of the following amino acid has a hydroxyl group

a. Valine
b. Threonine
c. Leucine
d. Histidine

3. All the following amino acids are neutral, EXCEPT:

a. Aspartic acid
b. Tyrosine
c. Glycine
d. Threonine

4. All the following are branched chain amino acids, EXCEPT:

a. Valine
b. Leucine
c. Isoleucine
d. Threonine

5. All the following are sulphur containing amino acids, except:

a. Cysteine
b. Methionine
c. Homocysteine
d. Threonine

6. Guanidine group is present in :

a. Arginine
b. Tryptophan
c. Histidine
d. Proline
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

7. Indole ring is present in :

a. Arginine
b. Tryptophan
c. Histidine
d. Proline

8. The following amino acids have hydrophobic side chains, except:

a. Tyrosine
b. Alanine
c. Leucine
d. Valine

9. Imidazole ring is present in :

a. Arginine
b. Tryptophan
c. Histidine
d. Proline

10. Which of the following amino acids has a non-polar side chain?
a. Serine
b. Valine
c. Asparagine
d. Threonine

11. Amino acid responsible for linking tropocollagen molecules together in collagen
a. Hydroxy lysine
b. Hydroxy Proline
c. Glutamine
d. Glycine

12. Which of the following amino acids has a net positive charge at physiological ph?
a. Glutamic acid
b. Lysine
c. Valine
d. Leucine
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

13. Chains in collagen

a. Hydroxy lysine
b. Hydroxy Proline
c. Glutamine
d. Glycine

14. All the following are essential amino acids, EXCEPT:

a. Tyrosine
b. Lysine
c. Valine
d. Phenyl alanine

15. Non-essential amino acid :

a. Are not seen in tissue proteins
b. Could be synthesized in the Body
c. Have no role in body metabolism
d. Have aromatic ring structure

16. In collagen structure, Glycine represents .......... Of the amino acids

a. 1/3
b. 1/2
c. 1/4
d. 1/5

17. During denaturation, proteins will not lose their structure, with regard to :
a. Primary structure
b. Secondary structure
c. Tertiary structure
d. Quaternary structure

18. The force maintaining the primary structure of a protein is:

a. Peptide bonds
b. Hydrophobic forces
c. Hydrogen bonds
d. Electrostatic (ionic) bonds
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

19. The forces maintaining the secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures of a protein
are the following EXCEPT:
a. Electrostatic (ionic) bonds
b. Hydrophobic forces
c. Van der Waals forces (Hydrogen bonds)
d. Peptide bonds

20. All the following proteins are deficient in Tryptophan except

a. Collagen
b. Elastin
c. Zein
d. All of the above
e. Meat

21. Protein of low biological value :

a. Casein
b. Zein
c. Albumin
d. Globulin

22. Denatured proteins :

a. Are soluble
b. Are difficult to digest
c. Are biologically inactive
d. Peptide bonds are broken

23. At IEP, amino acids and proteins show:

a. Maximum net charge.
b. Maximum mobility in electric field.
c. c- Maximum perceptibility.
d. Maximum buffering action.

24. The following are aliphatic amino acids, EXCEPT:

a. Alanine, Valine and glycine
b. Glycine, Leucine and serine
c. Threonine, serine and glutamic acid.
d. Phenylalanine, tryptophan and Histidine.
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

25. Sulfur containing amino acids include :

a. Cysteine, methionine and cystine
b. Alanine, serine and threonine .
c. Histidine, tryptophan and alanine .
d. Glycine, threonine and lysine .

26. All the following are heterocyclic amino acids, EXCEPT:

a. Histidine.
b. Phenylalanine.
c. Tryptophan
d. Proline

27. The following are basic amino acids :

a. Tryptophan and phenylalanine.
b. Alanine and glycine.
c. Histidine, lysine, arginine.
d. Valine , Leucine and isoleucine

28. Non-polar amino acids include:

a. Glutamine and asparagine.
b. Phenylalanine and tryptophan
c. Cysteine, serine and tyrosine.
d. Lysine, arginine and Histidine.

29. An essential hydroxyl amino acid is:

a. Tyrosine.
b. Serine.
c. Threonine.
d. Hydroxy lysine.

30. Semi-essential amino acids include :

a. Valine and threonine.
b. Arginine and Histidine.
c. Cysteine and methionine.
d. Phenylalanine and tyrosine.
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

32. 2ry structure of proteins is MALNLY stabilized by:

a. Ionic bond.
b. Hydrophobic interactions.
c. Hydrogen bonds.
d. Ester bonds.

33. Collagen and elastin are :

a. Derived proteins.
b. Fibrous proteins.
c. Phosphoproteins.
d. Conjugated proteins.

34. Histones are rich in:

a. Neural amino acids.
b. Basic amino acids.
c. Acidic amino acids.
d. Aromatic amino acids.

35. Glycine in collagen represents:

a. 25%
b. 33%
c. 66%
d. 90%

36. Basic Essential amino acids:

a. Arginine
b. Lysine
c. Histidine
d. All of the above

37. Essential sulphur containing amino acid:

a. Lysine
b. Cysteine
c. Cystine
d. Methionine
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

38. Sulfhydryl group containing amino acid :

a. Lysine
b. Cysteine
c. Proline
d. Methionine

39. Non-Optically active amino acid:

a. Glycine
b. Alanine
c. Valine
d. None of the above

40. The active group of Glutathione is :

a. Amino group
b. Sulfhydryl group
c. Carboxylic group
d. Imino group

41.Covalent bond :
a. A weak bond
b. True chemical bond
c. Hydrogen bond
d. Responsible for secondary structure of protein
e- Liable to be denaturated

42. Non covalent bond:

a. A weak bond
b. Between electrons of atoms in a common orbit
c. Responsible for primary structure of protein
d. Disulphide and peptide bonds

43. Keratin is:

a. Protein of tendons
b. Rich in sulfur
c. Poor in cysteine
d. Conjugated protein
e. Soluble in water
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

44. Caseinogen is:

a. Simple protein
b. Derived protein
c. Phospho protein
d. Present in plasma

45. Denaturation is:

a. A change in the first structure
b. Occurs in lipids
c. Doesn't affect the biological activity of protein
d. Caused by electrophoresis
e. A change in the secondary structure

46. Proteins at the basic side of IEP:

a. Have positive charge
b. Have negative charge
c. Is neutral
d. Is precipitated
e. Don’t move in electrical field

47.IEP of neutral amino acids:

a. 7
b. More than 7
c. Less than 7
d. None of the above

48. IEP of acidic amino acids :

a. 7
b. More than 7
c. Less than 7
d. None of the above

49. IEP of basic amino acids :

a. 7
b. More than 7
c. Less than 7
d. None of the above
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

50. Protein rich in Proline and hydroxy Proline is:

a. Globin
b. Collagen
c. Casein
d. Histone

51. The buffering property of proteins is due to the presence of:

a. Acidic and basic groups
b. Hydrogen bonds
c. Indole group
d. Hydrophobic bonds

52. Glycine is characterized by :

a. Absence of asymmetric carbon
b. Absence of optical activity
c. The shortest amino acid
d. All of the above

53. Histidine is :
a. Basic amino acid
b. Contains imidazole group
c. Abundant in Hemoglobin structure
d. All of the above

54. Glycine is :
a. Non optically active
b. Neutral
c. Present in GSH
d. All of the above

55. Tetra peptide contains ......... Peptide bonds.

a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

56. Di carboxylic amino acid :

a. Aspartate
b. Glutamine
c. Asparagine
d. All of the above

57. Sickle Cell Disease is due to replacement of ..... With ......... At 6th position of beta chain
a. Valine , Glutamic Acid
b. Glutamic Acid , Valine
c. Valine , Aspartic Acid
d. Aspartic Acid , Valine

58. Disulfide bonds are present in all the following except:

a. Insulin
b. Immunoglobulin
c. c-Albumin
d. Glucagon

59. All the following are manifestations of Scurvey except :

a. Bleeding Gums
b. Defect in Bone formation
c. Red spots around hair follicles
d. Diarrhea

60. Neutral amino acid :

a. Arginine
b. Lysine
c. Glutamate
d. Cysteine

61. Arginine contains.............Group .

a. Pyrrole
b. Indole
c. Guanidine
d. Imidazole
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

62. Amino Acid with an Amide Group is :

a. Arginine
b. Theronine
c. Cysteine
d. Glutamine

63. An Essential amino acid is :

a. Serine
b. Alanine
c. Tryptophan
d. Tyrosine

64. Non-Protein A.A which is a melanin precursor is :

a. Beta Alanine
b. GABA
c. DOPA
d. Cystine

65. The dipolar ion of an A.A at its IEP in an aqueous medium is called:
a. Amphipathic
b. Zwitterion
c. Iso Electric Point
d. None of the Above

66. Glutathione consists of Glutamic acid , Glycine and :

a. Alanine
b. Methionine
c. Cysteine
d. Glutamine

67. On exposure to heat or X-Ray all bonds are broken except :

a. Disulfide
b. Hydrogen
c. Peptide
d. Ionic
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

68. Keratin is Rich in :

a. Phenyl Alanine
b. Histidine
c. Cysteine
d. Proline

69. Collagen contains high percentage of:

a. Phenyl Alanine
b. Serine
c. Glycine
d. Tryptophan

70. Keratin is:

a. Scleroprotein
b. Rich in Cysteine c. Simple Protein
d. All of the Above

71. Scurvey is due to:

a. Impaired Collagen production
b. Inhibition of Prolyl Hydroxylase
c. Weak capillary wall leading to Hemorrhage
d. All of the Above

72. Inter chain Hydrogen bonds in collagen is due to:

a. Hydroxy Lysine
b. Proline
c. Glycine
d. Hydroxy Proline

73. Which of the following is non polar heterocyclic essential amino acid:
a. Proline
b. Histidine
c. Tryptophan
d. None of the Above

74. All the following proteins are deficient in Tryptophan except:

a. Collagen
b. Zein
c. Milk
d. Elastin
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

75. Which of the Following is Primary Amino Acid:

a. Cysteine
b. Hydroxy Proline
c. Hydroxy Lysine
d. None of the Above

76. Which of the following bonds stabilizes Quaternary Structure:

a. Hydrogen
b. Ionic
c. Hydrophobic
d. All of the Above

77. Protein function are mediated by :

a. Secondary order of proteins
b. Primary order of proteins
c. Tertiary order of proteins
d. Domain of proteins

78. Which of the following bonds play the major role in stabilizing the tertiary structure
of proteins ?
a. Peptide bond
b. Disulfide bond
c. Ionic Bond
d. Hydrogen bond

79. Cooking meat allows its digestion because of denaturation of protein with loss of :
a. Primary structure
b. Secondary structure
c. All orders of structures
d. Secondary tertiary and quaternary structures

80. Amino acids that enter in protein structures are called :

a. Non primary aa
b. Primary aa
c. Essential aa
d. Protein aa
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

81. Some neurotransmitors are :

a. Non primary aa
b. Non protein aa
c. Primary aa
d. Common aa

82. Amino acids present in membrane proteins facing lipids are :

a. Essential
b. Polar charged
c. Non polar
d. Non essential

83. Which of the following amino acids are nutritionally essential amino acids in healthy
human?
a. arginine and glutamine
b. Leucine and asparagine
c. Aspartate and alanine
d. Methionine and lysine

84. Thyroxine is derived from:

a. Tryptophan
b. Tyrosine
c. Alanine
d. Glycine

85. Which of the following is a "branched-chain" amino acid?

a. arginine
b. valine
c. lysine
d. tryptophan

86. Methionine amino acid is :

a. Neutral, non essential , non polar aa
b. Neutral , essential , polar aa
c. Basic , essential , non polar aa
d. Neutral , essential , non polar aa
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

87. All of the followings are non protein amino acids:

a. Phenylalanine, GABA, beta alanine
b. Alanine , DOPA ,GABA
c. Beta alanine , phenylalanine , monoiodotyrosine
d. Beta alanine , GABA , diiodotyrosine

88. Non essential , aromatic , neutral amino acid is:

a. Proline
b. Tryptophan
c. Tyrosine
d. Phenylalanine

89. All of the following statements about peptide bonds are TRUE EXCEPT:
a. They are covalent bonds
b. Disrupted by denaturation
c. Formed between the COOH of an amino acid the NH2of another amino acid
d. Responsible for the primary structure of proteins

90. The tertiary structure of a protein is:

a. its helical orientation.
b. its three-dimensional shape.
c. the particular sequence of amino acids.
d. the arrangement of several protein subunits to create a functional unit.

91. Which statement is NOT TRUE about protein structure?

a. The polypeptide backbone is easily broken during denaturation.
b. Non-covalent bonding stabilizes folding of proteins in α-helix.
c. The disulfide bonds are covalent.
d. Globular proteins have an axial ratio of less than 10

92. Primary structure of a protein is formed by:

a. Hydrogen bonds
b. Peptide bonds
c. Disulphide bonds
d. Electrostatic bonds
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

93. Domains of a protein are:

a. polypeptide chains with free C- and N-termini
b. segments of a polypeptide chain with a functional tertiary structure
c. protein subunits in oligomeric proteins
d. monomers of globular proteins e.g. hemoglobin

94. Which of the followings are metallochromoproteins:

a. Hemoglobin and casienogen
b. Catalase and hemoglobin
c. Albumin and globulin
d. Myoglobin and globulin

95. Which of the following is true about albumins and globulins

a. they're fibrous .
b. non heat coagulable.
c. found in blood plasma

96. Which of the following amino acids are nonpolar and essential ?
a. leucine and isoleucine.
b. leuicine and proline.
c. asparatate and glutamine.

97. Which type of amino acid is gamma amino butyric acid ?

a. primary amino acid.
b. not primary amino acid.
c. non protein amino acid

98. Glutathione has…

a. N- amino terminal that end in gulatamine .
b. it contain cysteine.
c. c- amino terminal that end with gulatamine .

99. Which type of protein is found in hair?

a- myosin.
b- keratin.
c- actin.
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

Protein Answers

1- C 2- B 3- A 4- D
5- D 6- A 7- B 8- A
9- C 10 - B 11 - A 12 - B
13 - B 14 - A 15 - B 16 - A
17 - A 18 - A 19 - D 20 - E
21 - B 22 - C 23 - C 24 - D
25 - A 26 - B 27 - C 28 - B
29 - C 30 - B 31 - C 32 - B
33 - B 34 - B 35 - D 36 - D
37 - B 38 - A 39 - B 40 - B
41 - A 42 - B 43 - C 44 - E
45 - B 46 - A 47 - C 48 - B
49 - B 50 - A 51 - D 52 - D
53 - D 54 - B 55 - A 56 - B
57 - D 58 - D 59 - D 60 - C
61 - D 62 - C 63 - C 64 - B
65 - C 66 - C 67 - C 68 - C
69 - D 70 - D 71 - D 72 - C
73 - C 74 - A 75 - D 76 - C
77 - B 78 - D 79 - D 80 - B
81 - C 82 - D 83 - B 84 - B
85 - D 86 - D 87 - C 88 - B
89 - B 90 - A 91 - B 92 - B
93 - B 94 - B 95 - C 96 - A
97 - C 98 - B 99 - B
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

Enzymes
1. Which of the following causes conformational change to the active site of enzyme?
a. Proteolyticcleavage
b. Allosteric inhibitor.
c. Coenzymes.
d. Competitive inhibitor.

2. In ........ Inhibition, the inhibitor is an end product of enzyme action

a. Non-competitive.
b. Allosteric.
c. Competitive.
d. Feedback.

3. Coenzymes are:
a. Dialyzable, non-protein molecules.
b. Colloidal, protein molecules.
c. Structural analogues of enzymes.
d. Different forms of the same enzyme.

4. Digestive enzymes belong to the class of:

a. Hydrolases.
b. Ligases.
c. Lyases.
d. Oxidoreductases.

5. The coenzyme
a. Increases the affinity of the enzyme to the substrate.
b. Lowers the activation energy.
c. Increases the number of active sites on the enzyme.
d. Accepts one of the products of the reaction.

6. An enzyme is:
a. Protein in nature.
b. Highly active.
c. Highly specific.
d. All of the above.
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

7. The enzyme:
a. Reduces the energy of activation.
b. Increases the total energy of the substrate.
c. Increases the equilibrium constant.
d. Decreases the total energy of the product.

8. In enzyme kinetics, V-max denotes:

a. The amount of an active enzyme.
b. Substrate concentration.
c. Half of substrate concentration.
d. Quantity of coenzyme.

9. All the following statements are true regarding enzymes, Except :

a. Enzymes lower activation energy.
b. They alter equilibrium of the reaction.
c. They accelerate the chemical reaction.
d. Most of the enzymes are protein in nature.

10. The Km value of an enzyme is:

a. The substrate concentration at half maximal velocity.
b. Half the substrate concentration at maximal velocity.
c. Dissociation constant of enzyme-substrate complex.
d. The total enzyme concentration.

11. Enzyme which are synthesized in an inactive form are called:

a. Co-enzymes.
b. Apo-enzymes.
c. Lysozymes.
d. Pro-enzymes.

12. In competitive inhibition:

a. Inhibitor has structural similarity to substrate.
b. Km is decreased.
c. Vmax is decreased.
d. Reaction rate is independent of substrate concentration.
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

13. In a competitive inhibition:

a. Km is increased and Vmax is increased.
b. Km is decreased and Vmax is normal.
c. Km is increased and Vmax is normal.
d. Km is decreased and Vmax is increased.

14. All of the following are true regarding isoenzymes except :

a. They have identical polypeptide chains.
b. They have different affinity to the substrate.
c. They can be separated by electrophoresis.
d. They are present in different cells.

15. As regards lactate dehydrogenase, all are correct except :

a. It is formed of four subunits.
b. Isoenzymes 5 increases in plasma in liver diseases.
c. There are 6 isoenzymes.
d. Isoenzyme 1increases in plasma in myocardial infarction.

16. In the reaction drawn below, what is the type of the enzyme used to convert molecule
1 to molecule 2?
a. Hydrolase.
b. Ligase.
c. Isomerase.
d. Dehydrogenase.

17. In non-competitive inhibitors:

a. Km increases.
b. Km decreases.
c. Vmax decreases.
d. All of the above.

18. Isoenzymes are enzymes with different amino acid sequence but the same:
a. Tissue.
b. Function.
c. Quaternary structure.
d. Electrophoretic pattern.
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

19. All the following enzymes are Oxidoreductases except:

a. Glutathione peroxidase.
b. Di oxygenase.
c. Catalase.
d. Aldolase.

20. Which of the following is not true regarding enzymes?

a. Enzymes are proteins and can be denaturated.
b. Enzymes act at a very low concentration.
c. Enzymes will only react with one or a very small number of compounds.
d. Enzymes are very small molecules, much smaller than their substrates

21. An example of Lyase is:

a. Glutamine synthetase.
b. Fumarase.
c. Cholinesterase.
d. Amylase.

22. The enzyme belonging to the Ligase class is:

a. Glycogen synthase.
b. Glutamine synthetase.
c. Porphobilinogen deaminase.
d. Histidine decarboxylase

23. Inorganic catalyst is:

a. Protein.
b. Heat stable.
c. Non dialyzable.
d. Highly specific.
e. Of high molecular weight.

24. Enzymes are:

a. Heat labile.
b. Colloidal in nature.
c. Non dialyzable.
d. All of the above.
e. None of the above.
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

25. Catalytic site of the enzyme is:

a. Amino terminal of polypeptide chain.
b. The site of prosthetic group attachment.
c. The site of substrate attachment.
d. Carboxy terminal of polypeptide chain.
e. Site of inhibitor attachment.

26. Pepsin acts on

a. Peptide bond between NH, of aromatic amino acid and carboxylic group of another
amino acid.
b. Peptide bond between COOH of basic amino acid and amino group of another amino
acid.
c. Peptide bond between COOH of aromatic amino acid and amino group of another amino
acid.
d. Terminal peptide bonds at the carboxylic end of peptide chain.
e. Terminal peptide bonds at the amino end of peptide chain.

27. Trypsin acts on:

a. Peptide bond between NH, of aromatic amino acid and carboxylic group of another
amino acid.
b. Peptide bond between COOH of basic amino acid and amino group of another amino
acid.
c. Peptide bond between COOH of aromatic amino acid and amino group of another amino acid.
d. Terminal peptide bonds at the carboxylic end of peptide chain.
e. Terminal peptide bonds at the amino end of peptide chain.

28. Optimum PH for salivary amylase is:

a. PH3
b. PH 4
c. PH 6
d. PH 6.8
e. PH 9.5

29. Chloride is activator for:

a. Trypsin
b. Salivary amylase.
c. Peroxidase.
d. Catalase.
e. Kinase.
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

30. Competitive inhibitors are:

a. Reversible.
b. Similar to substrate.
c. Combine at the active catalytic site of enzymes.
d. All of the above.
e. None of the above.

31. An example of competitive inhibitor is:

a. Excess ATP and Citrate inhibit phosphofructokinase.
b. Glycogen inhibits glycogen synthase.
c. Malonic acid inhibits succinic acid dehydrogenase.
d. Palmitic acid inhibits acetyl CoA carboxylase.

32. Concerning allosteric effectors:

a. Allosteric effectors are usually analogs of substrate.
b. Allosteric site of enzyme is distinct from its substrate binding site.
c. Allosteric effectors cause enzyme denaturation.
d. Allosteric effectors cause non-conformational change in enzyme.

33. An allosteric modular influences enzyme activity by:

a. Competing for the catalytic site with the substrate.
b. Binding of a site on the enzyme molecule distinct from the catalytic site.
c. Changing the nature of the product formed.
d. Changing the specificity of the enzyme for its substrate.
e. Covalently modifying the enzyme.

34. The active site of an enzyme is:

a. The region that binds the substrate.
b. The region specific for an allosteric inhibitor.
c. The region that binds coenzyme
d. The site for binding of non-competitive inhibitor.

35. Optimum PH for pepsin is:

a. 1.5
b. 6.8
c. 7.5
d. 8.5
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

36. A zymogen is:

a. An isoenzyme.
b. Enzyme precursor.
c. Anti-enzyme.
d. Enzyme inhibitor.

37. An enzyme which removes electrons from substrate is termed:

a. Oxidoreductase.
b. Ligase.
c. Hydrolase.
d. Transferase.

38. An enzyme that combine 2 substrates to synthesize one is termed:

a. Ligase.
b. Hydrolase.
c. Lyase.
d. Transferase.

39. Enzymes present in structurally different forms but catalyze the same reactions are:
a. Coenzymes.
b. Isoenzymes.
c. Holoenzymes.
d. Proenzymes.

40. An enzyme which changes a substrate from L form to D form is:

a. Lyase
b. Hydrolase.
c. Ligase.
d. Isomerase.

41. An increase in non-functional plasma enzyme level is indication of :

a. Tissue destruction.
b. Normal growth.
c. Recovery from a disease.
d. No significance.
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

42. The coenzyme is:

a. Protein in nature.
b. Organic compound.
c. Inorganic substance.
d. All of the above.

43. One of the following is considered a feature of Enzymes except

a. Globular Proteins
b. Undergo Denaturation
c. Simple Proteins
d. Non Specific

44. All of the following is true regarding enzymes except:

a. Heat Labile
b. Colloidal
c. Dialyzable
d. High Molecular Weight

45. Enzyme acts on a special type of bond at specific site and attached to specific groups:
a. Group Specificity
b. Absolute Specificity
c. Relative Specificity
d. Optical Specificity

46. Pancreatic Lipase represents:

a. Group Specificity
b. Absolute Specificity
c. Relative Specificity
d. Optical Specificity

47. Special sequence of amino acids to which substrate is attached:

a. Inhibitory Site
b. Active Site
c. Allosteric Site
d. All of the Above
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

48. Substrate induces a conformational change in the active site:

a. Lock and Key Model
b. Flexible model of catalytic site
c. Rigid model of Catalytic site
d. None of the Above

49. Complete irreversible loss of enzyme activity occurs at:

a. 37 degree C
b. 45 degree C
c. 0 degree C
d. 65 degree C

50. Substrate concentration which produces half maximal velocity (½Vmax.):

a. Full Concentration
b. Null Concentration
c. Michael’s Constant
d. All of the above

51. All of the following inhibits enzymatic activity except:

a. Physical Agents
b. Heating
c. Shaking
d. Red and Blue lights

52. Non Functional plasma enzymes include all of the following except
a. Prostatic Acid Phosphatase
b. Alkaline Phosphatase
c. Lipoprotein lipase
d. Creatine Kinase

53. Enzymes link two molecules using energy from ATP:

a. Lyases
b. Hydrolase
c. Ligase
d. Redox Enzymes

54. Pepsin acts on peptide bonds between amino groups of aromatic amino acid and
carboxylic group of another amino acid:
a. True
b. False
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

55. Some enzymes containing SH groups requires Minerals to be activated

a. True
b. False

56. In Competitive inhibition Vmax of the enzyme is not decreased

a. True
b. False

57. Isoenzyme is oligomeric enzyme

a. True
b. False

58. In reversible non competitive inhibition, Vmax is

a. Decreased
b. Increased
c. Unaffected
d. None of the above

59. Functional plasma enzymes are characterized by all of the following except
a. Their substrate is present in plasma
b. Their level in plasma is usually low and increase in tissue damage
c. They are synthesized in liver
d. They include lipoprotein lipase and Thrombin

60. Enzymes catalyze reactions by:

a. Increasing Product energy
b. Altering the equilibrium of reaction
c. Decreasing the activation energy
d. Lowering total energy of reactants

61. Which of the following regarding Km is false:

a. It is the substrate concentration at which half of the enzyme binding sites are occupied with
substrate
b. It is not related to enzyme affinity to substrate
c. It increases in the presence of competitive inhibitor
d. It is characteristic for each enzyme
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

62. Optimum PH for Alkaline Phosphatase is:

a. 8
b. 8.2
c. 9.5
d. 8.6

63. Formation of which of the following is considered as the first step in any enzyme
catalyzed reaction?
a. Enzyme-product complex
b. Enzyme-intermediate complex
c. Enzyme-substrate complex
d. Enzyme-cofactor complex

64. An enzyme speeds up a chemical reaction by which of the following?

a. Regulating pH
b. Acting as a buffer
c. Preventing denaturation
d. Lowering the energy of activation

65. What are isoenzymes?

a. Enzymes that have identical amino acid sequences
b. Catalyze the same biochemical reactions
c. Enzymes that have similar physical, chemical and immunological properties
d. Are always monomers

66. What is the name given to enzymes that are always present in a cell at relatively
constant amounts?
a. Inducible enzymes
b. Coenzymes
c. Endoenzymes
d. Constitutive enzymes

67. The “lock and key” model of enzyme action illustrates that a particular enzyme
molecule ..
a. Forms a permanent enzyme-substrate complex
b. May be destroyed and resynthesized several times
c. Interacts with a specific type of substrate molecule
d. Reacts at identical rates under all conditions
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

68. Which type of specificity does the rigid model of catalytic site show?
a. Absolute specificity
b. Relative specificity
c. Group specificity
d. Stereochemical specificity

69. What does conformational change in the catalytic site of enzymes signify?
a. explains rigid model
b. explains flexible model
c. leads to breakdown of non covalent bond
d. leads to denaturation of enzymes

70. In the provided diagram, what does the point labeled (1)
indicate?
a. Neutral pH
b. Basic pH
c. Acidic pH
d. Optimum pH

71. In the provided diagram, What do the points labeled

(3) and (4) indicate?
a. Reversible low enzyme activity
b. Irreversible loss of enzyme activity
c. Gradual increase in enzyme activity
d. Gradual decrease in enzyme activity

72. What is the role of inhibitory peptide chain in proenzymes?

a. Increases enzymes activity
b. Masks the catalytic site
c. Decreases the molecular weight of the enzymes
d. Has no effect on enzymatic activity

73. How does a competitive inhibitor prevent an enzyme from doing its job?
a. By altering the pH
b. By denaturing the enzyme
c. By binding to the active site
d. By binding to the substrate
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

74. Which of the following statements regarding an allosteric inhibitor is true?

a. It binds to the catalytic site of the enzyme
b. Its effect is reversible
c. It is a substrate analogue inhibitor
d. It is a competitive inhibitor

75. Which of the following statements regarding a non- competitive inhibitor is true?
a. It resembles the substrate in chemical structure
b. It binds to the catalytic site of the enzyme
c. It decreases the Vmax
d. It increases Km

76. Class I enzymes participate in which of the following reactions?

a. Phosphorylation
b. Oxidation- reduction
c. Transamination
d. Isomerisation

77. Which of the following catalyzes the from substrate to only oxygen?
a. Oxidase
b. Catalase
c. Peroxidase
d. Dehydrogenase

78. What class of enzymes can break a bond without water addition?
a. Hydrolases
b. Ligases
c. Taransferases
d. Lyases

79. What are the inactive enzymes that are not bound to their cofactors called?
a. Apoenzymes
b. Coenzymes
c. Enzyme inhibitors
d. Holoenzymes
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

80. Which of the following statements regarding covalent modification of enzyme activity
is TRUE?
a. Phosphorylation of the enzyme always activates it.
b. Dephosphorylation of the enzyme releases ATP
c. ProteinkinaseusesADPasphosphatedonor.
d. Phosphate groups are removed by phosphatase.

81. Which of the following enzymes is increased in plasma in case of myocardial

infarction?
a. Ferrochelatase.
b. Succinate dehydrogenase.
c. Pancreatic amylase.
d. Lactate dehydrogenase.

82. Which of the following is produced by the combination of apoenzyme and coenzyme?
a. Holoenzyme
b. Enzyme substrate complex
c. Prosthetic group
d. Enzyme product complex

83. What is a Zymogen or proenzyme ?

a. Enzyme modulator
b. Vitamin
c. Enzyme precursor
d. Hormones

84. Which of the following enzymes has absolute specificity for its substrate?
a. Carboxypeptidase
b. Pancreatic lipase
c. Urease
d. Lipoprotein lipase

85. An increase in serum level of LDH1, relative to LDH2 is an indication of which of the
followings ?
a. Muscular dystrophy
b. Leukemia
c. Myocardial infraction
d. Hepatitis with jaundice
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

86. Which is the only tissue which has mixed MB (CK2) isoenzyme ?
a. Prostate
b. Liver
c. Cardiac tissue
d. Spleen

87.The effect of substrate concentration on enzyme activity :

a. Equall Vm.
b. Equall Km.
c. Proportional to substrate concentration.
d. independent on enzyme concentration.

88.- Which type of inhibitor can be overcome by increasing substrate concentration?

a. competitive .
b. non-competitive.
c. allosteric

89. Choose the inhibitor which forms EI or ES complex , but not ESI.
a. competitive.
b. non-competitive.
c. allosteric.

90. When substrate concentration = km , Velocity equals..

a. 0.5 v max
b. 0.1 v max
c. 0.2 v max

91. Which type of inhibitions the inhibtor is attached to other site that the active site and
decreases the activity of the enzyme?
a. competitive inhibitor.
b. non-competitive inhibition.
c. allosteric inhibition

92.-Which of the following Answers is proportional for relieve the Competitive Inhibition
for Enzymes?
A. Substrate Concentration
B. Product Concentration
C. Enzyme Concentration
D. Co-factor Concentration
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

Enzymes Answers
1) b 2) d 3) a 4) a
5) d 6) a 7) a 8) a
9) b 10) a 11) d 12) a
13) c 14) a 15) c 16) d
17) c 18) b 19) d 20) d
21) b 22) b 23) b 24) d
25) c 26) a 27) b 28) d
29) b 30) d 31) c 32) b
33) b 34) a 35) a 36) b
37) a 38) a 39) b 40) d
41) a 42) b 43) d 44) c
45) a 46) c 47) b 48) b
49) d 50) c 51) d 52) c
53) c 54) a 55) b 56) a
57) a 58) d 59) b 60) c
61) b 62) c 63) c 64) d
65) b 66) d 67) c 68) a
69) b 70) d 71) b 72) b
73) c 74) b 75) c 76) b
77) a 78) d 79) a 80) d
81) d 82) a 83) c 84) c
85) c 86) c 87) 88) a
89) a 90) a 91) c 92) a
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

Molecular Biology
1. The chief product of catabolism of purines in human being is:
a. Urea
b. Uric acid
c. Hypoxanthine
d. Beta amino isobutyric acid.

2. Fidelity of replication is ensured by:

a. Complementary base pairing
b. Specificity of DNA polymerase
c. Recognition of specific nucleotide sequency
d. Formation of phosphodiester bond

3. During DNA replication, 5°- GTCAAT- 3' strand produces a new complementary DNA
strand with the following structure:
a. 5' CAGTTA-3'
b. 5'-ATTGAC-3'
c. -c °5- ACACCG-3'
d. 5'-GCCACA-3'

4. Which enzyme protects DNA from aging?

a. DNA polymerase
b. Topoisomerase
c. Deoxyribonuclease
d. Telomerase

5. Al the bases are found in mrna, except:

a. Adenine
b. Guanine
c. Uracil
d. Thymine

6. The nitrogenous base absent in DNA is:

a. Uracil
b. Cytosine
c. Thymine
d. Guanine
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

7. The processing of mrna does not involve:

a. Capping at 5' terminus
b. Poly A-tail attachment
c. Removal of introns
d. Transfer of mRNA into nucleus

8. Intron is the portion of

a. a DNA that is cleaved off during replication
b. mRNA that is removed after transcription
c. tRNA that is added on after its svnthesis
d. Protein that is removed after translation

9. Which is not true regarding the genetic code?

a. Degenerate
b. Ambiguous
c. Non overlapping
d. Universal

10. Xerodema pigmentosa results from defect in:

a. Transcription
b. Post transcription
c. DNA repair
d. Translation

11. The order nucleotides in DNA strand in always written:

a. From the 5' to 3' direction
b. From the 3' to 5' direction
c. Could be in both direction
d. None of the above

12. The-number of nitrogenous bases in mrna that form a codon :

a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

13. Replication is characterized by all EXCEPT:

a. It is semiconservative
b. It requires DNA polymerases
c. It occurs from 3' - 5' direction
d. None of the above

14. Processing of mrna includes:

a. 3' capping
b. -b 5° polyadenylation
c. Spilicing
d. None of the above

15. One of the following is transition type of point mutations:

a. Adenine is replaced by cytosine
b. Uracil is replaced by adenine
c. Guanine is replaced by adenine
d. Guanine is replaced by uracil

16. Sickle cell anemia is due to:

a. None-sense mutation
b. Silent mutation
c. Missense mutation
d. Frame shift mutation

17. As regard RNA, all are correct EXCEPT:

a. It contains xanthine
b. Important for protein synthesis
c. It contains uracil
d. It contains of single strand

18. Nucleotide is converted into nucleoside by removal of:

a. Purine base
b. Pyrimidine base
c. Phosphorus
d. Phosphate
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

19. Cytosine is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:

a. Pyrimidine base
b. Present in DNA, RNA
c. 2-oxy-4-amino pyrimidine
d. 2-oxy-6-aminopyrimidine

20. One of the second hormone messengers is:

a. AMP.
b. CAMP
c. ADP
d. ATP.

21. Active methionine (SAM) acts as:

a. Sulphate donor
b. Methyl donor
c. Hydrogen donor
d. Oxygen donor

22. 3' phodphoadenosine 5' phosphosulplate (PAPS) act as:

a. Sulphate donor
b. CH3, donor
c. Hydrogen donor
d. CO2, donor

23. Concerning DNA structure all the following are correct EXCEPT:
a. The 2 strands of DNA run anti parallel.
b. The 2 strands are held together by complementary base pairing
c. Adenine pairs with thymine through 3hydrogen bonds
d. Cytosine pairs with guanine through 3hydrogen bonds

24. The acceptor arm of trna terminates at its 3’ OH ends by:

a. 5'-ACC-3’
b. 3'-CAC
c. 5’-CCA-3'
d. None of the above
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

25. Which of-the following is the mrna start codon in most cases?
a. UAA
b. AGU
c. C- AUG
d. UGA

26. Which of the following is an activated methyl carrier?

a. ATP
b. SAM
c. PAPS
d. GMP

27. For the following DNA sequence, determine the sequence and direction of the
complementary strand: 5° ATCGATCGATCGATCG-3'
a. a 3'-ATCGATCGATCGATCG-5'
b. 5'-CGAUCGAUCAUCGAU-3'
c. 5'-CGATCGATCGATCGAT-3'
d. d-3'-CGATCGATCGATCGAT-3'

28. What is the function of DNA ligase?

a. Works with continuous 6'- 3' synthesis
b. Undoes the work of-DNA polymerase
c. Joins the Okazaki fragments
d. Winds the leading and lagging strands together

29. The coding strand of DNA is the same as the associated mrna EXCEPT for:
a- mRNA uses U instead of T
b- mRNA uses T instead of U
c- mRNA uses G instead of C
d- mRNA uses C instead of G

30. The anticodon is a set of three nuclecotides on the 3°-end of ....., which corresponds to
the codon on the ........
a. tRNA; mRNA
b. mRNA; tRNA
c. tRNA; rRNA
d. rRNA; tRNA
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

31. What type of mutations involves a change that produces a stop codon?
a. Unacceptable missense
b. Partially acceptable missense
c. Silent
d. Nonsense

32. During the initiation of translation in eukaryotes, at RNA complex is formed with:
a. His (CAU)
b. Ser(UCG)
c. Met(AUG)
d. Gly (GGG)

33. What causes Peptidyl transferase to hydrolyze the bond between the peptide chain
and trna, terminating translation?
a. tRNA anticodon
b. mRNA condon
c. tRNA stop codon
d. Releasing factors

34. Which of the following relives the supercoil on the parental duplex of DNA caused by
unwinding during synthesis?
a. DNA polymerase
b. Helicase
c. DNA ligase
d. Toposiomerase

35. Which of the following eukaryotic DNA control sequences does not need to be in a
fixed location, and is most responsible for high rates of transcription of particular
genes?
a. Promoter
b. Promoter-proximal element
c. Enhancer
d. Basal expression element

36. A promoter is a specific sequence of DNA

a. to which RNA polymerase binds
b. to which a repressor binds
c. to which a restriction endonuclease bind
d. which is not found in eukaryotic cells
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‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

37. What is the most important condition for the formation of a single stranded DNA from RNA?
a. The RNA strand must contain 2°-deoxyribose.
b. The RNA strand must have a high content of G and C
c. A primer must be present
d. A reverse transcriptase must be present.

38. Deamination of cytosine, if not repaired, produces

a. an insertion mutation
b. a deletion mutation
c. a point mutation
d. a purine

39. Which of the following proteins can introduce positive supercoils into DNA?
a. Primosome
b. DNA ligase -
c. Helicase
d. Single strand-binding protein

40. If cytosine content ofdna is 20% of the total bases, the adenine content will be:
a. 10%
b. 20%
c. 30%
d. 40%
e. 50%

41. Which one of-the following statements about mrna is incorrect

a. Sugar moiety is ribose
b. mRNA is longer than DNA
c. single stranded
d. has a 5' 7-methyl guanosine cap
e. has a 3' poly A tail

42. Number of hydrogen bonds between G and C

a. Two
b. Three
c. Four
d. Five
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

43. Hnrna is modified by adding of ........ To 5' end and ............. To 3' end.
a. Cap - Poly (A) tail
b. Cap - Promotor
c. Poly (A) tail - Cap
d. Promotor – Cap

44. Mutation that involves codon change but produces the same amino acid is called:
a. Acceptable Missense
b. Non sense
c. Silent
d. None of the Above

45. Degeneracy of Genetic Code means that:

a. A given amino acid can be coded by more than one codon.
b. Codon can't code for more than one amino acid
c. A given codon can code for more than one amino acid
d. There is no Punctuation in the code sequence.
e. Codons are not Ambiguous

46. House keeping gene is expressed:

a. In all cells at all times
b. Only after being induced
c. Can be subjected to repression
d. None of the Above

47. In DNA molecule:

a. G and C pairs by two hydrogen bonds.
b. Bases occupy interior of the helix.
c. Purine on one strand always hydrogen bonds with purine on the other strand
d. 5' ends of both strands are at the same end of the double helix

48. End of each Okazaki fragment begins with:

a. RNA Primer synthesized by DNA Polymerase Alpha
b. RNA Primer synthesized by DNA Polymerase Delta
c. DNA Primer synthesized by DNA Polymerase Delta
d. DNA Primer synthesized by DNA Polymerase Alpha
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

49. Which of the following relieves Supercoils on the Parental DNA caused by unwinding
during Replication ?
a. DNA Ligase
b. DNA Helicase
c. DNA Polymerase
d. Topoisomerase

50. Telomeres:
a. Interspersed throughout the entire chromosome length
b. DNA sequences that help in DNA packing into compact structure
c. Repititive DNA sequence at the end of human chromosome
d. Has a fixed length throughout the entire life of the cell

51. All the following are Rules of DNA replication Except:

a. It is very Accurate
b. It is Continuous in both strands
c. It occurs in S phase of Cell cycle
d. It is Semi Conservative

52. Topoisomerase inhibitor that Function as Anti-Cancer is:

a. Nalidixic Acid
b. Puromycin
c. Etoposide
d. None of the Above

53. Which of the Following Pyrimidine Nucleotides is used as Energy source in Chemical
Reactions ?
a. ATP
b. GTP
c. UTP
d. AMP

54. At which site the amino acid is carried on trna ?

a. A of 3' end
b. C of 3' end
c. A of 5' end
d. C of 5' end
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

55. At which Phase of cell Cycle does Pyrimidine dimer error occurs ?
a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M

56. Trna is transcribed by:

a. RNA Polymerase I
b. RNA Polymerase II
c. RNA Polymerase III
d. All of the Above

57. Number of High energy bonds broken in initiation of Protein Biosynthesis is:
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. None of the Above

58. Peptide bond during Elongation of Protein Biosynthesis occurs between:

a. Amino group of amino acid at (A) site + Carboxylic group of amino acid at (P) site
b. Amino group of amino acid at (P) site + Carboxylic group of amino acid at (A) site
c. Amino group of amino acid at (A) site + Amino group of amino acid at (P) site
d. Amino Acid and (A) of (CCA) at 3' end of tRNA

59. What causes Peptidyl Transferase to hydrolyze bond between Peptide chain and trna
in (P) site ?
a. mRNA Codon
b. tRNA Anti Codon
c. Releasing Factors
d. All of the Above
e. None of the Above

60. Protein Maturation involves all the following except:

a. Protein Folding
b. Hydroxylation of Proline
c. Carboxylation of Aspartic Acid
d. Addition of Carbohydrate
e. Phosphorylation of Serine
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‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

61. Antibiotic that act by Blocking Peptidyl Transferase:

a. Erythromycin
b. Tetracyclin
c. Chloramphenicol
d. Streptomycin

62. Regulatory region that is responsible for increasing the rate of gene Expression
a. TATA Box
b. CAAT Box
c. GC Box
d. Enhancers
e. Silencers
f. All of the Above

63.What may shut down the translation of a processed mrna?

a. decaping .
b. detailing.
c. a protein that binds to the 3’ end tail.
d. RNA editing

64 -Enhancers are ……..

a. proteins that bind with repressors deactivating them.
b. sites for Rna polymerase binding .
c. distant located where regulatory proteines bind.
d. proteins lockated adjacent to promotoers.

65 - A 13 year old boy suffers from ulceration and extreme sensitivity to sunlight , which
of the following enzymes has a defect ?
a. endonucleases.
b. exonucleases.
c. topoisomerase

66- Single stranded binding protein binds to single stranded DNA to ..

a. To keep the two stands from binding together.
b. To break hydrogen bond between two complementary base pairs.
c.It cuts super coils caused by helicase enzyme.

67.What makes a different amino acid but with the same function ?
a. UUU --> UAA .
b. UCA --> ACU
c. UCA --> UCU
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

68. Which one of these point mutations is a transition one ?

a. Adinine and uracil.
b. Adenin and guanine.
c. Guanine and uracil.

69. Which of the following amino acids doesn't have a specific code on DNA?
a. cysteine.
b. alanine.
c. valine.
d. cystine.

70. Which of the following presents at the 5 ' end of okazaki fragment?
a. RNA primer.
b. small DNA primer.
c. DNA polymerase binding site

71. What type of mutation caused this type of disease ?

a. no sense.
b. missense.
c. silent.

72. What is the type of mutation when deletion or insertion of bases occurs?
a. point mutation.
b. frame shift
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

Molecular biology Answers

1- b 2- a 3- b 4- d
5- d 6- a 7- d 8- b
9- b 10 - c 11 - a 12 - b
13 - c 14 - c 15 - c 16 - c
17 - a 18 - d 19 - d 20 - b
21 - b 22 - a 23 - c 24 - c
25 - c 26 - b 27 - c 28 - c
29 - a 30 - a 31 - d 32 - c
33 - d 34 - d 35 - c 36 - a
37 - d 38 - c 39 - c 40 - c
41 - b 42 - b 43 - a 44 - c
45 - a 46 - a 47 - b 48 - a
49 - d 50 - c 51 - b 52 - c
53 - c 54 - a 55 - a 56 - c
57 - d 58 - a 59 - c 60 - c
61 - c 62 - d 63 - 64 - c
65 - a 66 - a 67 - c 68 - b
69 - d 70 - a 71 - b 72 - b
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

Cell signaling
1. Which of the following is true about a hydrophilic signaling molecule?
a. Its receptor is located in the cytosol of-the target cell
b. It can not pass the cell membrane, so it has a cell surface receptor
c. Since it can enter the cell, it directly affects some specific cell process
d. Steroid and thyroid hormones are examples

2. Phosphorylation of a protein:
a. Increases a protein's activity
b. Decreases a protein's activity
c. Either increases or decreases a protein's activity
d. Has no effect

3. What best describes G protein coupled receptors?

a. Formed of seven different polypeptide chains each is in alpha helix
b. It is coupled to a G protein of four different subunits
c. Ligand binding induces conformational changes that allow autophosphorylation
d. G protein attached to GTP is active, while bound to GDP is inactive

4. Which of the following describes ligand-gated ion channels?

a. Ion channels open or close in response to a ligand
b. Activated by change i n action potential of cell
c. They are intracellular receptors
d. The ligand which binds to ti must be an ion

5. What defines a cell as a target for certain hormone?

a. .a It is neighbor cell to the secreting cell
b. It has signaling molecules
c. It has receptor specific to hormone
d. It is a cell distant to the secreting cell

6. Growth factors bind to what type of receptors? .

a. ligand-gated ion channels
b. G-protein-linked receptors
c. cyclic AMP
d. Receptor tyrosine kinases
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‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

7. Which type of signaling is the transmission of nerve impulse through the synaptic cleft?
a. Endocrine
b. Paracrine
c. Autocrine
d. By direct contact

8. On Phosphorylation of a signaling molecule, phosphate group can be linked to which

of the following?
a. a Tyrosine
b. Serine
c. Threonine
d. All of the above

9. Which type of receptors does steroid hormones bind to?

a. ligand-gated ion channels
b. G-protein-linked receptors
c. Intracellular receptors
d. Receptor tyrosine kinases

10. Which type of receptors is present in this figure?

a. a ligand-gated ion channels
b. G-protein-linked receptors
c. Intracellular receptors
d. Receptor tyrosine kinases

11. Which type of receptors responsible for transmission of nerve impulse through the
synaptic cleft?
a. ligand-gated ion channels
b. G-protein-linked receptors
c. Intracellular receptors
d. Receptor tyrosine kinases

12. Which of the following is not true about a hydrophobic signaling molecule?
a. Its receptor is located in the cytosol of the target cell
b. It can not pass the cell membrane
c. Since it can enter the cell, it directly affects some specific cell process
d. Steroid and thyroid hormones are examples
 َ َّ‫َو َم ْن أَحْ يَاهَا فَكَــأَنَّ َما أَحْ يَا الن‬
‫اس َج ِمي ًعأ‬

13. Number of Domains in Typical Intra Cellular receptor is:

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

14. Number of domains in typical cell membrane receptor is:

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

15. Which of the following is true about steroid hormones?

a. they're hydrophilic.
b. they bind to intracellular receptors.
c. they bind to surface receptors.

16. Which type of cell signaling is clarified in this photo ?

a. autocrine signaling.
b. paracrine signaling.
c. endocrine signaling.

Cell Signaling Answers

1) b 2) c 3) d 4) a
5) c 6) d 7) b 8) d
9) c 10) d 11) a 12) b
13) b 14) c 15) b 16) b