INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 2411
Fourth edition
2017-09
Rubber- or plastics-coated fabrics —
Determination of coating adhesion
Supports textiles revêtus de caoutchouc ou de plastique —
Détermination de l'adhérence du revêtement
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Reference number
ISO 2411:2017(E)
© ISO 2017
ISO 2411:2017(E)
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ISO 2411:2017(E)
Contents Page
Foreword......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... iv
Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v
1 Scope.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references....................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
4 Atmosphere for conditioning and testing................................................................................................................................... 2
4.1 For conditioning...................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
4.2 For testing.................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
5 Time-interval between manufacture and testing............................................................................................................... 2
6 Preparation of test specimens................................................................................................................................................................. 3
6.1 General............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3
6.2 Method of preparation 1.................................................................................................................................................................. 3
6.3 Method of preparation 2.................................................................................................................................................................. 3
6.4 Determination of wet coating adhesion............................................................................................................................. 4
6.4.1 End-use..................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
6.4.2 Preparation of test specimens............................................................................................................................... 4
6.4.3 Conducting the test......................................................................................................................................................... 4
7 Apparatus...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
8
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Procedure..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
9 (standards.iteh.ai)
Calculation and expression of results.............................................................................................................................................. 5
9.1 General............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 5
9.2 Determination of mid-pointISO value ........................................................................................................................................... 5
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9.3 Calculation of mean result............................................................................................................................................................. 5
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9.4 Coating adhesion strength ............................................................................................................................................................. 6
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10 Test report.................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Annex A (informative) Comments on interpretation of the autographic traces...................................................11
© ISO 2017 – All rights reserved iii
ISO 2411:2017(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
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World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html. (standards.iteh.ai)
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 45, Rubber and rubber products,
Subcommittee SC 4, Products (other than hoses). ISO 2411:2017
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This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 2411:2000), which has been technically
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revised.
The changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— a warning statement has been added before the scope;
— in Clause 2, the publication year of ISO 2231 has been added;
— in 3.1, the definition of delamination has been modified;
— a new Clause 4, specifying the atmosphere for conditioning and testing, has been added;
— in Clause 6, the dimension of test specimen has been revised according to the addition of the test
specimen of 20 mm width in 6.2 and 6.3.4 ;
— in both 6.3.1 and 6.3.3, a welding process has been added;
— in 6.2.3 and 6.3.1, notes have been changed to body text;
— in Clause 7, Grade B and precision 1 have been changed to class B and class 1, respectively, according
to the updated references;
— in 9.2, N/10 mm and N/20 mm have been added;
— in Clause 10, items a), f), and l) have been added;
— in Figure 3, x-axis and y-axis names have been added;
— in Figure 4, figure subtitles have been added.
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ISO 2411:2017(E)
Introduction
Knowledge of the strength of adhesion between the coating and the adjacent layer is important as an
inadequate adhesion strength can often result in failure of the product due to delamination.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 2411:2017(E)
Rubber- or plastics-coated fabrics — Determination of
coating adhesion
WARNING — Persons using this document should be familiar with normal laboratory practice.
This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its
use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to
ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions.
1 Scope
This document specifies a method of determining the coating adhesion strength of coated fabrics.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2231:1989, Rubber- or plastics-coated fabrics — Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
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ISO 2286-1, Rubber- or plastics-coated fabrics — Determination of roll characteristics — Part 1: Methods
for determination of length, width and net mass
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ISO 5893, Rubber and plastics test equipment —Tensile, flexural and compression types (constant rate of
traverse) — Specification ISO 2411:2017
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ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials — Calibration and verification of static uniaxial testing machines — Part 1:
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Tension/compression testing machines — Calibration and verification of the force-measuring system
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
delamination
partial or whole separation of two, or more, of the component layers of a coated fabric
Note 1 to entry: This can be either a fabric to polymer separation or separation within the actual polymeric layer.
3.2
coating to fabric peel
separation with no coating polymer residue remaining on the substrate
3.3
partial film tear
delamination (3.1) leaving patches of coating polymer still adhering to the substrate (3.8)
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ISO 2411:2017(E)
3.4
inseparable
inability of the coating to peel because it breaks during preparation or test, indicating that the coating
adhesion strength is greater than the coating polymer strength
3.5
coating or film delamination
splitting of a multilayer coating leaving one or more layers of coating film residue on the substrate
3.6
fabric failure
breaking of substrate during test, indicating that the coating adhesion strength is greater than the
substrate strength
3.7
fabric delamination
splitting or delamination (3.1) of substrate leaving a partial layer or complete fabric laminate adhering
to the coating
Note 1 to entry: An example of this is in the case of coated non-woven laminates, when the non-woven textile
element can fail due to the coating adhesion strength being greater than the between-fibre cohesion of the non-
woven textile fabric.
3.8
substrate
textile component of a coated fabric
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4 (standards.iteh.ai)
Atmosphere for conditioning and testing
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The atmosphere shall be the method of conditioning “1” specified in ISO 2231:1989.
For fabrics coated on one side only, a minimum of 16 h exposure is recommended.
For fabrics coated on both sides, a minimum of 24 h is recommended.
4.2 For testing
The atmosphere shall be selected from A through C specified in ISO 2231:1989.
NOTE The temperature 23 °C is normally the testing atmosphere in temperate countries and 27 °C is
normally in tropical and subtropical countries.
5 Time-interval between manufacture and testing
For all test purposes, the minimum time between manufacture and testing shall be 16 h. For non-
product tests, the maximum time between manufacture and testing shall be 4 weeks, and for
evaluations intended to be comparable, the tests, as far as possible, shall be carried out after the same
time-interval.
For products, unless otherwise agreed between the interested parties, the time between manufacture
and testing shall not exceed 3 months.
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ISO 2411:2017(E)
6 Preparation of test specimens
6.1 General
For the determination of coating adhesion all samples shall be taken within the usable width (according
to ISO 2286-1) of the coated fabric under test. A total of 10 test specimens shall be tested.
Each test specimen before its width is trimmed shall have at least 20 % extra width of the trimmed test
specimen and not less than 200 mm length.
Five test specimens shall be cut with the length parallel to the longitudinal direction and five test
specimens with their length parallel to the transverse direction of the coated fabric under test.
In the case of coated fabrics with substrate having a pile, prepare 10 test specimens in the longitudinal
direction, five in the direction of the pile and five against the direction of the pile.
Either method of preparation may be used. The method of preparation to adopt is determined by
pretesting if necessary.
NOTE Generally, thick coatings are processed by method 1, thin coatings by method 2.
6.2 Method of preparation 1
6.2.1 Where the strength of the coating layer exceeds the force of the adhesive bond to the substrate,
prepare the test specimen by carefully cutting through the coating to the substrate at right angles to
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the length of the test specimen. From this, cut carefully to separate the coating film from the substrate,
for a distance sufficient to enable the ends of the test specimen to be mounted in the jaws of the test
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apparatus. Trim the width of the test specimen to (50 ± 0,5) mm or (20 ± 0,5) mm taking care to avoid
damaging the longitudinal threads of the substrate.
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6.2.2 Condition the test specimens856da122e7ec/iso-2411-2017
in accordance with 4.1.
6.2.3 After conditioning, mount the test specimen in the test apparatus, clamping the coated end in the
stationary jaw and the coating film in the traversing or moveable jaw (see Figure 1). When the adhesion
is very strong and it is not possible to manually separate the coating film from the substrate, method of
preparation 2 described in 6.3 should be used.
6.3 Method of preparation 2
6.3.1 Where the coating layer is not sufficiently strong to be stripped continuously from the substrate,
but where the coating layer can be distinctly identified from the substrate and can be cut through
separately, bond or weld two test specimens of the same material face to face, leaving the first 50 mm
clear of adhesive, using an adhesive system suitable for the type of coating being evaluated. It is
important that the adhesive chosen does not cause the coating to swell irreversibly or otherwise affect
the coating/fabric bond strength. Where the coated surface is treated in any way, e.g. siliconising, which
can inhibit the coating-to-coating bond, it is recommended that the adhesion test be conducted before
any such treatment is applied. Alternatively, when testing PU coated fabrics a sheet of rubber can be used
in place of one of the coated specimens. The formulation of the rubber compound should be such as to
produce a sheet with low stiffness and low elongation.
NOTE If necessary, it is possible to use a plain weave cotton fabric, desized and bleached, in order to ensure
complete release of remaining solvent.
6.3.2 To ensure a good bond, the composite test specimen shall be rolled at least twice with a roller of
76 mm face width and mass of 2 kg.
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