The Contemporary World

MODULE 4: A World of Ideas

Globalization and Media: Creating a Global Village

OUTLINE
(Jack Lule)
I. Lesson 1: Global Media Cultures
a. Globalization Globalization
b. Partnership of Media & Globalization
● best considered a complex set of
c. Media
interacting and often countervailing
d. Marshall Mcluhan “The Medium is
human, material and symbolic flows that
the Message”
e. Promotions of Media lead to diverse, heterogeneous cultural
f. Global Village & its Downside positionings and practices which
g. Media & Economic Globalization persistently and variously modify
h. Media, Economic Globalization & established vectors of social, political and
Oligopoly cultural power.
i. Media & Political Globalization
j. Media & Cultural Globalization ● ​refers to the rapidly developing process
k. Glocalization of complex interconnections between
II. Lesson 2: Globalization and Religion
societies, cultures, institutions and
a. Religion VS. Globalism
b. God defines and judge human
individuals world-wide.
action
c. Religion for and Against ● Social compression of time and space,
Globalization shrinking distances and making the world
d. Religion against Globalization appear smaller, bringing people closer
together.
I. GLOBAL MEDIA CULTURES
Partnership of Media & Globalization
Global Media Cultures n ● Globalization could not occur without
● Addresses how mass media, driven by media;
technological advances and transnational
● Globalization & Media act in concert &
communication, shapes and reflects global
cohort & have partnered throughout the
identities.
whole human history

● Media platforms; social networks,

entertainment industries, and news outlets
help create a global narrative, influencing
cultural values, ideologies, and trends.

➔ Through media, the flow of

information and cultural symbols
transcends national borders,
facilitating a shared global
experience while also generating
debates on cultural
homogenization, dominance, and *But it does not suggest that the media have always

resistance. been positive & progressive in their influence.”

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Media industry is perfect for globalization or the ADVANTAGES OF MEDIA

spread of global trade without regard for traditional
borders. 1. Education
➢ the media educates the masses.
What do we mean by “the media”? With the help of television or radio
○ Professionals who produce the shows, the mob discovers various
content facts about health affairs,
○ Organizations who pay environmental preservation, and
professionals to produce the many more topics of relevance.
content
○ Technology 2. Updated

○ The message itself ➢ people receive the latest news in a

○ Social platforms short time. Distance does not

make a barrier in distributing

Media information to people from any

● It is the plural for medium – a means of place on earth. People get daily

conveying something such as a channel news updates from media outlets,

of communication which keeps them updated on the

● The plural form—media—came into general current trends and happenings

circulation in the 1920s (came into popular worldwide.

usage to talk about a new social issues)

3. Exercise innate potentialities
➢ people get to exercise their hidden
Media is the main means of mass communication
talents through the media. Media
(broadcasting, publishing, and the Internet),
helps to showcase their hidden
regarded collectively.
skills such as comedy, performing,
singing, recitation, etc.
Mass media — seen today as playing a key role in
enhancing globalization, facilitating culture 4. Gather knowledge
exchange and multiple flows of information and ➢ the media helps to increase
image between countries through: international knowledge about various subjects.
news broadcasts, television programming, etc.
5. Mass Production
In modern times, media are further ➢ media acts as a great tool in
drifting towards the digital aspect of this promoting mass consumer
domain. products, increasing sales of the
assets.
Modern digital media — consists of all sorts of
6. Entertainment
communication broadcasted electronically via
➢ serves as a good source of
computer networks and other such fiber optic
entertainment. People get
cables. Some modern forms of media; internet
entertained through music and
media or social media (Fb, IG, Twitter, WhatsApp
television programs.
etc.) have totally transformed our world over time.
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7. Cost reduction 5. Health Concerns

➢ electronic media promotes ➢ prolonged television watching or
electronic duplication of internet binging can lead to vision
information, reducing the problems, and exposure to loud
production cost and making mass noises by using headphones or
education achievable. earphones can lead to hearing
defects.
8. Cultural immersion
➢ media allows the diffusion of 6. Faulty advertisement tactics
diverse cultures by showcasing ➢ it often makes the use of drugs
different cultural practices. It and alcohol appear cool, which can
helps people around the world to be harmful to the nations’ youth.
be understanding of each other
and welcome their differences. 7. Personal Injury
➢ some people decide to try the
DISADVANTAGES OF MEDIA stunts that have been showcased
in the media, which lead to severe
1. Individualism injuries.
➢ people spend an excessive
amount of time on the internet, 8. Malware and Fake Profiles
watching or binging content. As a ➢ an individual can create an
result, their relationship with anonymous account and pretend
friends or family and neighbors to be someone else. Anyone can
may be affected. use such profiles for malicious
reasons, such as spreading lies,
2. Easy Access which can ruin the reputation of
➢ some media topics are unsuitable any targeted individual or
for children; limiting access to company.
such content can be challenging
for elders in specific scenarios.
Marshall Mcluhan “The Medium is the Message”
3. Fraudulence and Cybercrime
➢ internet opens up avenues for ● McLuhan believed that it was not what we
imposters, criminals, and hackers, said, but the way we said it that mattered
or such predators with the most
possibility to commit criminal acts
○ This theory helps to explain why
without any knowledge of the
we communicate through more
victims.
than one medium

4. Addiction
● He did not mean that ideas (“messages”)
➢ some television programs and
are useless and do not affect people.
internet media can be very
Rather, his statement was an attempt to
addictive to most children and
draw attention to how media, as a form of
adults, leading to a drop in
technology, reshape societies.
productivity.
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● McLuhan added that different media overthrew a dictator & realized their
simultaneously extend and amputate imagination to be free again
human senses.
❖ Stereotype — fixed, over generalized belief
● New media may expand the reach of about a particular group or class of people.
communication but they also dull the user’s ➢ targets a specific audience – it is
communicative capacities. what the majority of society wants
to see – media shows us what we
➔ Media messages carry meanings and
want to see
representations of the nation, allowing for
➢ Media also breaks the stereotype…
conversations that make it sensible to its
Sometimes it is the most effective
citizens, articulate its characteristics, and
tool to do so.
discuss the prospects.
➔ Consider the role of the media in the
When considering media and globalization, we
imagination and promotion of a nation.
should consider whether or not the developments
have promoted social justice and equality or have
replicated or intensified between haves and
What does MEDIA PROMOTE? have-nots.

GLOBAL IMAGINARY
GLOBAL VILLAGE & ITS DOWNSIDE
● Media bring about a fundamentally new
imaginary—Global Imaginary—the globe Media have connected the world; drawn closely
itself as imagined community (Steger, together by media, people would be like neighbors,
2008) living in a Pentecostal condition of universal
● Cosmopolitanism is now a feature of understanding & unity
modern life; people imagine themselves as ● Lewis Mumford (1970) found utopian hope
part of the world in media technology but he was dismayed
as it was used for capitalism, militarism,
● Nations are the result of ‘imagined
profit & power
communities’; people will never meet face
to face with others but they can imagine ● Globalization & media have produced a
themselves as one--in the minds of each marriage of the visions of McLuhan &
lives the image of their communion Mumford: McLuhan predicted media &
globalization have connected the world &
● The imagination is not a trifling fantasy but
its people from end to end so that we can
a ‘social fact’ & a staging ground for action
imagine the world as a village
Evidence of Imagination in the context of Global
● The connection, closeness &
Imagination
interdependence of the global village have
1. The Potato Famine in the 1800s made the no collective harmony or peace; but
Irish people imagine a better life in America combined to create the dark dystopian
& millions emigrated world that Mumford dreaded
2. The Filipino people, suffering under
conjugal dictatorship, filled EDSA,
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MEDIA & ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION as more actors contend for power

(journalists die in the line of duty & without
● Media have been essential to the growth justice = ultimate form of censorship)
of economic globalization in the world
● All these groups threatened by the work of
● Media have made economic globalization a crusading reporter; all have targeted
possible by creating the conditions for reporters; thus globalization has made
global capitalism & by promoting the the world a harrowing place for
conceptual foundation of the world’s journalists
market economy
● Media are subject to other pressures in this
● EG is about story & myth—narratives that age of high-tech persuasion, manipulation,
make natural the buying & selling of & propaganda; economic, political &
products across borders & boundaries & personal pressures shape the news around
mythic celebrations of products & the globe
consumption
● The opposite hypothesis appears to be
● ​The media foster the conditions for global true: governments shape & manipulate
capitalism (they invite us to buy & the news
consume, from ceaseless commercials on
radio & TV, to product placement in films, to ● Officials around the world are extremely
digital billboards, etc) successful at influencing the world &
molding the news so that it builds support
Economic and cultural globalization for their domestic & foreign policies
arguably would be impossible without a global
commercial media system to promote global WHAT THE NEW MEDIA CAN DO?
markets & to encourage consumer values
(McChesney, 2001) ➔ New media do indeed complicate politics;
being mobile, interactive, discursive, &
MEDIA & POLITICAL GLOBALIZATION participatory—with dramatic political
implications
● Globalization has transformed world ➔ Low cost & ease of posting text, photos,
politics in profound ways; overthrow of video & music etc., digital media allow for
kingdoms & empires—creation of possibility of multiple, varied voices & views
nation-state; now some argue that the that can challenge & question those in
nation-state deteriorates as people & power (Shirky, 2008)
borders become more fluid

New Media (Social Media)

● In our age of globalization, the entire world
★ LinkedIn
can be a war zone; numerous forces
★ Twitter
compete for wealth & power within & across
★ Facebook
borders
★ Instagram
● Though media corporations are powerful ★ Websites
political actors, individual journalists are
subject to brutal & intense intimidation
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LIMITATION OF THE NEW MEDIA According to Jack Lule, globalization & media
have done wondrous deeds
● Unfortunately, new media voices can all too
easily be silenced; some governments own ● they have succeeded in bringing the world
the Internet service provided & can simply closer together
shut down the internet to prevent ● they have removed the shackles of time &
organizing thru social media sites space
● they have given us the ability to truly
● Governments can use Facebook & other imagine the world as a global village
SMS to spy upon & track down & arrest
protest leaders In summing up:
● Globalization & media too often have
● New media can also be silenced in more fulfilled Mumford’s worst fears
primitive ways—by threatening people, by ● They have built a village with large tracts of
arresting them, & by killing them economic injustice, political repression &
cultural conflict
Globalization complicates but does not lessen
● They have sown seeds of bitter & deadly
political intimidation and control of media
discord between nations, classes, political
parties, ethnic groups, religions &
neighbors
Media & Cultural Globalization ● They have pit human against nature; they
have despoiled the very globe they
● On one level, the Media, are the primary
encircle: We should expect better
carriers of culture; it generates numerous &
ongoing interactions among cultures

● They market brands aggressively, seek out

new markets worldwide for their cultural
products & actively bring about
interactions of culture for beauty, power &
profit

​Three outcomes/influences of globalization on

culture: Jan Nederveen Pieterse (2004)

★ Cultural differentialism
★ Cultural convergence
★ Cultural hybridity
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II. GLOBALIZATION AND RELIGION Religions are the foundations of modern

republics
Religion VS. Globalism
Ex. Malaysian government
Religion Globalism
- On its constitution “Islam is the
º More Sacred º Values material religion of the Federation”
º Follow Divine wealth - The rulers of each state was also
º Godly º Follow human-made the “Head of the religion of Islam
law
º Human
Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini (Late Iranian religious
leader)
God defines and judge human action
● “there is no fundamental distinction among
Religion Globalism constitutional, despotic, dictatorial,
democratic, and communist regimes.”
º Virtuous º Raise profits
º Sinless Life º Enrich themselves
Religion was a result of a shift in state policy
º Heaven º Shrewd
º Saint businessperson
º Markets Ex. Church of England
- It was “shaped by the rationality of
modern democratic
Globalization
● networking and expansion of once local
Modern Secular Society
products, beliefs, and practices into
universal products, beliefs and practices ● It was owned in the early 1800s by Alexis de
often through technology. Tocqueville.
● Built when religion and law were fused
Religion has entered the “information age” and has together.
globalized at accelerating rates, in the methods
religions use for teaching and in belief systems.
Religion has always been at the very center of all
great political conflicts and movements of the
What is religion? social system.
➢ a “system of beliefs and practices.”
➢ more specifically, the word comes from the
Latin “religare” which means “to bind Religion for and Against Globalization
together again that which was once bound
but has since been torn apart or broken.” Religion for Globalization
● “OldWorldReligions”seeglobalizationless as
Realities: an obstacle and more as an opportunity to
expand their reach all over the world
Peter Berger
● Freed communities from the “constraints of
● the “contemporary world is furiously
the nation-state”
religious”
● Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, Religion against Globalization
Buddhism, Confucianism ● It opposes“profane”globalization
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● Globalization threatens to destroy the

cultural system that bind people together

● Muslim views globalization as a trojan horse

hiding supporters at Western values like
secularism, liberalism, or even communism
to displace Islam

​Religious fundamentalism may dislike

globalization's materialism, but it continuously
uses “the full range of modern means of
communication and organizations.”

● There is an evidence that institutional

advocates of globalization could be
responsive to the “liberationist, moral
critiques of economic globalization”
coming from the religious

● “The preferential option for the poor” - a

powerful message of mobilization but lacks
substance when it comes to working out a
replacement system that can change the
poor's condition in concrete ways.

In summing up:
● Because of “Moral” arguments, people were
able to justify their political movement
● Religious leaders have used religion to
wield influence in the political arena
● Despite their inflexible features--the
warnings of perdition, promises of salvation
and their obligatory pilgrimages--malleable.
The resilience is extraordinary wherein it
outlasted secular ideologies like
communism.
● Therefore, Globalists have no choice but to
accept that religion is here to stay.