VIRTUALIZATION TECHNOLOGY AND CLOUD COMPUTING

Time: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 75

PART A

I. Answer all the following questions in one word or sentence.

(9 x 1 = 9 Marks)

1 Define Virtualization

2 List any two examples of Hypervisors

3 Define storage in VM

4 List any two advantages of application Virtualization

5 List any two load balancing methods in Cloud Computing

6 List any two vendors of Cloud Computing

7 List any two benefits of Cloud Computing

8 List any two Cloud Deployment models

9 List any two Cloud Data center elements

 PART B

II. Answer any Eight questions from the following

(8 x 3 = 24 Marks)
1 Write short note on Type – II Hypervisors

2 Explain Virtual Machine

3 Explain Network Virtualization

4 Explain the purpose of VM clones

5 Write short notes on Desktop and Application Virtualization

6 List and explain three needs of Cloud Computing

7 Outline Cloud Infrastructure

8 Explain Storage management in Cloud Computing

9 Write short note on Virtual Switch load balancing

10 Write short note on Computing on demand

PART C

Answer all questions from the following (6 x 7 = 42 Marks)

III Describe the importance of Virtualization

OR

IV Outline the role of Hypervisors in Virtualization

Explain Types of Virtualizations

V
OR
VI. Compare Hypervisors with its types

VII Describe the components and benefits of Network Virtualizations

OR
 Explain the advantages and disadvantages of Application Virtualization
VIII

IX Outline Cloud Data center requirements

OR
X
Describe characteristics of Cloud Computing

XI Explain Cloud Deployment Models

OR
X11 Explain Cloud Storage

XIII Explain various cloud Service Models

XIV OR
Explain Disaster Recovery in Cloud Computing

ANSWERS

Q No Scoring Indicators

PART A
Cloud computing refers to the delivery of various computing services, including servers,
I. storage, databases, networking, software, analytics, and intelligence, over the internet to
offer faster innovation, flexible resources, and economies of scale
2 Xen,KVM,Virual Box etc
virtualization and virtual machines (VMs), "storage" refers to the allocation and
3 management of data storage resources for the VM.
4 Hypervisor
 Reduce Cost, Works from any ware, Can work on own devices, Applications can easily
5 kept updated
6 Microsoft Azure, AWS, VMWare, Oracle, Google Cloud, IBM, Amazon etc

7 Availability, Security, Simplicity, Easy of Backup, Pay only for what used

8 Public , Private, Community , Hybrid

9 Application, DBMS, Compute, Storage, Network

PART B
Type II hypervisors, also known as hosted hypervisors or desktop hypervisors, are
virtualization software that runs on top of a conventional operating system, rather than
directly on the physical hardware of a computer. These hypervisors are typically used
for virtualization on desktop or laptop computers and are designed to allow users to run
multiple virtual machines (VMs) on a single physical machine.

Here are some key characteristics and features of Type II hypervisors:

1
1. Hosted Environment
2. User-Friendly
3. Resource Sharing
4. Examples
5. Compatibility
6. Use Cases

A virtual machine (VM) is a software-based emulation of a physical computer. It acts

as an isolated and self-contained computing environment within a host operating
system (OS) or on dedicated hardware. Virtual machines are designed to mimic the
2 hardware and functionality of a physical computer, allowing multiple operating
systems and applications to run concurrently on a single physical machine.

Network virtualization is a technology that allows the creation of multiple virtual

network segments or instances on a single physical network infrastructure. It decouples
the network's underlying hardware from the software that manages it, enabling more
3 efficient and flexible network management and utilization. Network virtualization is
commonly used in data centers, cloud computing environments, and enterprise networks
to improve resource allocation,
VM clones, short for Virtual Machine clones, are duplicates or copies of existing
virtual machines (VMs) in a virtualized computing environment. These clones are
created to replicate the configuration and state of the original VM at a specific point in
time. VM cloning is a common practice in virtualization technologies like VMware,
Hyper-V, and others

Purpose: VM clones are typically created for various purposes, such as testing,
4 development, disaster recovery, and scaling. They provide a convenient way to
replicate a known working configuration without having to manually recreate all
settings and software installations.

1. Types of Cloning:
 Full Clone
 Linked Clone:
 Desktop virtualization is a technology that allows multiple virtual desktop environments
to run on a single physical computer or server. It separates the desktop operating system
and applications from the underlying hardware, enabling users to access their desktops
remotely or run multiple desktop instances on a single machine
Application virtualization refers to the practice of encapsulating and isolating software
5 applications from the underlying hardware and operating system, allowing them to run
in a self-contained environment. This technology enables the execution of applications
on a wide range of computer systems without needing to install them directly on each
individual system. Instead, the applications are packaged along with their dependencies,
settings, and runtime components into a virtualized container or package.
6 Scalability, Cost Efficiency, Accessibility, Flexibility

Cloud infrastructure refers to the foundational technology and resources that make up
cloud computing environments. Cloud computing is a model for delivering and
accessing computing services over the internet on a pay-as-you-go basis. Cloud
infrastructure provides the underlying framework that enables the delivery of these
services. It typically includes the following components:

1. Data Centers
2. Virtualization
7 3. Networking
4. Storage
5. Compute Resources
6. Load Balancers
7. Security
8. Monitoring and Management Tools.
9. Scalability.
10. Service Models.

Storage management in cloud computing refers to the strategies and practices

employed to efficiently and securely store data in a cloud environment. Cloud
computing offers scalable and flexible storage solutions that can meet the diverse needs
of businesses and individuals. Here are key aspects of storage management in cloud
computing

Data Storage Models:

 Object Storage
 Block Storage
8
 File Storage
Scalability, Data Redundancy and Durability
Data Backup and Recovery, Data Lifecycle Management
Data Encryption, Access Control and Permissions
Cost Optimization, Data Transfer and Migration
Monitoring and Management
Compliance and Governance
Hybrid and Multi-Cloud Storage

Virtual switch load balancing is a crucial concept in the context of virtualization and
network management. Virtual Switch: A virtual switch is a software-based network
switch that operates within a hypervisor or virtualization platform. It connects virtual
9 machines (VMs) to physical network infrastructure.

1. Load Balancing Algorithms

 2. Network Performance
3. Redundancy
4. Failover.
5. Management and.
6. Scalability.
7. Security
10 Computing on demand" in the context of cloud computing refers to the ability to access
and use computing resources as needed:

1. Resource Provisioning: Cloud providers offer a variety of resources such as

virtual machines (VMs), storage, databases, and networking services. Users
can provision these resources through a web interface or APIs based on their
requirements.
2. Scalability: One of the primary advantages of cloud computing is the ability to
scale resources up or down as needed. This can be done manually by the user
or automatically based on defined policies. For example, if a website
experiences a sudden increase in traffic, additional servers can be provisioned
to handle the load, and when the traffic subsides, those resources can be
released.
3. Pay-as-You-Go: Cloud computing typically operates on a pay-as-you-go or
pay-for-what-you-use model. Users are billed based on their actual usage of
resources, which can lead to cost savings compared to traditional on-premises
infrastructure where you have to purchase and maintain hardware even during
periods of low demand.
4. Elasticity: Elasticity is a key feature of cloud computing. It means that
resources can automatically scale up or down based on real-time demand. This
ensures that applications can handle varying workloads without manual
intervention.
5. Self-Service: Cloud computing platforms are designed to be self-service,
allowing users to provision, configure, and manage resources without the need
for direct involvement from IT or system administrators.
6. Global Accessibility: Cloud services are accessible from anywhere with an
internet connection, making them suitable for global operations and remote
work.
7. Resource Management: Cloud providers offer tools and services for
managing and monitoring resources. This includes features like load balancing,
auto-scaling, and performance monitoring.
8. Security and Compliance: Cloud providers invest heavily in security
measures to protect data and resources. Users can also configure security
settings to meet their specific requirements. Compliance certifications are often
provided to ensure adherence to industry standards.
9. Backup and Disaster Recovery: Cloud providers typically offer backup and
disaster recovery solutions, making it easier for organizations to protect their
data and applications.

PART C
III 1. Resource Optimization
2. Cost Reduction
3. Improved Disaster Recovery
4. Scalability and Flexibility
5. Testing and Development
6. Enhanced Security
7. Legacy Application Support
8. Simplified Management
IV 1. Resource Allocation
2. Isolation and Security
3. Virtual Machine Management
4. Performance Optimization
5. Migration and High Availability
6. Snapshot and Backup
7. Resource Monitoring and Reporting
8. Networking and Storage Virtualization
9. Compatibility and Integration License Management
V 1. Hardware Virtualization
 Full Virtualization
 Para-Virtualization
2. Container Virtualization
3. Application Virtualization
4. Network Virtualization
5. Storage Virtualization
6. Desktop Virtualization
7. Operating System-level Virtualization
8. Storage Area Network (SAN) Virtualization.
9. Hardware-assisted Virtualization

VI Hypervisors, also known as virtual machine monitors (VMMs), are software or hardware
components that enable multiple virtual machines (VMs) to run on a single physical host
system. There are two primary types of hypervisors: Type 1 (bare-metal) and Type 2
(hosted)

Type 1 Hypervisor (Bare-Metal Hypervisor):

 Installation: Type 1 hypervisors are installed directly on the physical hardware

of the host system, without the need for an underlying operating system. They
run directly on the hardware.
 Performance: They generally offer better performance compared to Type 2
hypervisors because they have direct access to the hardware resources.
 Use Cases: Type 1 hypervisors are commonly used in enterprise environments
and data centers for virtualization, where performance, security, and isolation
are critical.
 Examples: VMware vSphere/ESXi, Microsoft Hyper-V (when installed as a
standalone hypervisor), Xen, KVM.

Type 2 Hypervisor (Hosted Hypervisor):

 Installation: Type 2 hypervisors run on top of an existing operating system

(host OS). Users install them as applications within the host OS.
 Performance: They tend to have slightly higher overhead compared to Type 1
hypervisors because they must go through the host OS to access hardware
resources.
 Use Cases: Type 2 hypervisors are often used for development, testing, or
running multiple operating systems on a personal computer or workstation.
 Examples: VMware Workstation, Oracle VirtualBox, Parallels Desktop (for
Mac).
 Comparison Factors:

 Performance: Type 1 hypervisors generally offer better performance because

they don't have the overhead of a host operating system. They provide direct
access to hardware resources.
 Security: Type 1 hypervisors are considered more secure since they have a
smaller attack surface compared to Type 2 hypervisors, which rely on the
security of the host operating system.
 Resource Isolation: Type 1 hypervisors provide stronger resource isolation
between VMs since they have direct control over hardware resources. Type 2
hypervisors may have resource contention due to the underlying host OS.
 Ease of Use: Type 2 hypervisors are often easier to set up and use for personal
or non-production purposes because they run on top of a familiar operating
system. Type 1 hypervisors may require more expertise.
 Use Cases: Type 1 hypervisors are typically used in enterprise environments,
cloud data centers, and production environments where performance and
security are paramount. Type 2 hypervisors are more suitable for development,
testing, or running multiple OS environments on a single desktop or laptop.
 Examples: Type 1 hypervisors include VMware ESXi and XenServer, while
Type 2 hypervisors include VirtualBox and VMware Workstation.

VII
Benefits of Network Virtualization:

1. Resource Optimization
2. Isolation and Security
3. Flexibility and Agility
4. Fault Isolation
5. Enhanced Management

6. Improved Testing and Development

Components of Network Virtualization:

1. Hypervisor or Virtual Switch

2. Virtual Network Adapters
3. Virtual LANs (VLANs
4. Overlay Networks
5. Network Virtualization Software
6. Network Policies
7. Orchestration and Management

8. Centralized Controllers.

VIII
Advantages:

1. Compatibility
2. Isolation
3. Simplified Deployment
4. Resource Efficiency
 5. Security
Disadvantages:
1. Unavailability
2. Initial Cost

IX 1. Location Selection
2. Hardware Infrastructure
3. Power and Cooling
4. Security Measures
5. Connectivity
6. Scalability and Redundancy
7. Virtualization and Hypervisors
8. Network Architecture
9. Storage Solutions
10. Management and Orchestration
11. Compliance and Data Governance
12. Monitoring and Analytics
13. Backup and Disaster Recovery
14. Documentation and Documentation
15. Resource Allocation and Billing
16. Customer Support and SLAs
17. Environmental Sustainability
18. Regulatory Compliance
19. Staffing and Training
20. Regular Maintenance and Upgrades
21. Testing and Quality Assurance
22. Disaster Recovery Testing
23. Cost Management
24. Documentation and Auditing
X 1. On-Demand Self-Service
2. Broad Network Access
3. Resource Pooling
4. Rapid Elasticity
5. Measured Service
6. Service Models
 Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS
 Platform as a Service (PaaS
 Software as a Service (SaaS
7. Deployment Models:
 Public Cloud
 Private Cloud
 Hybrid Cloud
8. Reliability and Redundancy
9. Security
10. Automation and Management
11. Geographic Reach
12. Ecosystem and Integration
1. Public Cloud:
XI  Ownership
 Accessibility
 Multi-Tenancy
 Scalability.
 Cost-Efficiency
  Examples of Public Cloud Providers: AWS, Azure, GCP, IBM Cloud,
Oracle Cloud.
Use Cases:
 Web hosting and website development
 Application development and testing
 Big data and analytics
 Disaster recovery and backup
 Content delivery and streaming
 Software as a Service (SaaS) applications
2. Private Cloud:
 Ownership
 Control
 Security and Privacy
 Scalability
 Cost
 Use Cases:
 Highly regulated industries (e.g., finance, healthcare) with
strict data privacy and compliance requirements.
 Organizations with specific security or performance needs.
 Large enterprises that want more control over their cloud
infrastructure.
 Research institutions or government agencies handling
sensitive data.

XII Cloud storage refers to a service that allows you to store and access data and files over
the internet instead of on your local computer or physical storage devices like hard
drives or USB drives.

It is a popular and convenient way to store, manage, and share data, offering several
advantages:

1. Accessibility
2. Scalability
3. Cost-Efficiency
4. Data Redundancy and Backup
5. Collaboration
6. Security and Data Protection.

7. Automatic Synchronization

Some popular cloud storage providers include:

1. Google Drive: Offers storage for various types of files and integrates
seamlessly with Google Workspace (formerly G Suite) applications.
2. Dropbox: Known for its user-friendly interface and file-sharing capabilities,
Dropbox is popular among individuals and businesses.
3. Microsoft OneDrive: Integrated with Microsoft 365 (formerly Office 365),
OneDrive provides cloud storage for Microsoft Office files and other data.
4. Amazon S3 (Simple Storage Service): A widely used solution for developers
and businesses, providing scalable object storage in the Amazon Web Services
(AWS) ecosystem.
5. Apple iCloud: Apple's cloud storage service, primarily designed for Apple
device users, offers storage for photos, documents, and app data.
 6. Box: Popular among businesses, Box offers secure and collaborative cloud
storage solutions.

XIII Compare SaaS and PaaS

Software as a Service (SaaS) and Platform as a Service (PaaS) are both cloud
computing service models, but they serve different purposes and provide different
levels of control and flexibility to users.

1. Purpose:
 SaaS: SaaS provides ready-to-use software applications that are hosted
in the cloud and delivered over the internet to end-users. These
applications are typically designed for specific business functions, such
as email, CRM, productivity tools, or collaboration software.
 PaaS: PaaS provides a platform and environment for developers to
build, deploy, and manage their own applications. It offers tools,
frameworks, and infrastructure for application development and
hosting.
2. Control and Customization:
 SaaS: SaaS applications are pre-built and maintained by the service
provider. Users have limited control over the underlying infrastructure
and software, and customization options are often restricted to
configuring settings within the application.
 PaaS: PaaS provides more control and customization options.
Developers can build and customize their applications using the
platform's tools and resources. They have greater flexibility to tailor
applications to their specific requirements.
3. Development:
 SaaS: SaaS applications are not typically used for development
purposes. They are designed for end-users to consume the functionality
provided by the software.
 PaaS: PaaS is specifically designed for application development.
Developers use PaaS platforms to build, test, and deploy their
applications. PaaS providers offer development tools, databases, and
runtime environments.
4. Deployment:
 SaaS: SaaS applications are already deployed and hosted by the service
provider. Users simply access them through a web browser or client
application without worrying about deployment details.
 PaaS: PaaS users are responsible for deploying their applications onto
the platform. The PaaS provider manages the underlying infrastructure,
but users have control over how their applications are deployed and
scaled.
5. Maintenance and Updates:
 SaaS: Service providers are responsible for maintaining and updating
SaaS applications. Users do not need to worry about patching, security,
or software updates.
 PaaS: PaaS providers manage the underlying infrastructure and
platform components, but users are responsible for maintaining and
updating their own applications.
6. Use Cases:
 SaaS: SaaS is ideal for businesses and individuals who want to access
software applications without the burden of managing infrastructure or
development. Examples include email services like Gmail, customer
 relationship management (CRM) tools like Salesforce, and
productivity suites like Microsoft 365.
 PaaS: PaaS is suitable for developers and organizations that want to
build, customize, and deploy their own applications. It is commonly
used for web and mobile application development, database
management, and application hosting.

XQIV Disaster recovery (DR) in cloud computing refers to the set of strategies and
procedures put in place to protect an organization's data, applications, and IT
infrastructure in the event of a disaster or disruptive event. These disasters can range
from natural calamities like earthquakes or floods to human-made incidents such as
cyberattacks, hardware failures, or data corruption. The goal of disaster recovery in the
cloud is to ensure that business operations can be quickly resumed with minimal data
loss and downtime.

Here are key components and concepts related to disaster recovery in cloud computing:

1. Backup and Replication

2. RTO and RPO: Recovery Time Objective (RTO) and Recovery Point
Objective (RPO)
3. High Availability (HA)
4. Data Centers and Regions
5. Failover and Failback
6. Disaster Recovery as a Service (DRaaS
7. Testing and Maintenance
8. Security and Compliance
9. Cost Considerations