SOCIAL SCIENCE

IV STANDARD
Term I

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 What these Icons stand for!

Think and answer Choose the best option Collection of data

Fill in the blanks Gather informations from references Point out

Say true or false Think and write Match the following

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Sort out Project work(or)Group work

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 WONDERS IN THE SKY
Hearing the voice of the postman, Divya came out and
received the parcel from him.
It was a DVD from her uncle .
Sir, post
She was very curious to know
what the DVD contained.

She inserted the DVD into her laptop.

The title of the DVD was ‘The magical universe’
UNIVERSE
Universe is all that we touch, see, sense, measure or detect.
It consists of all living things, stars, planets, galaxies, dust, cloud, light,
time. Earth is a home to all living things. It is spheroid in shape. It is
surrounded by layer of gases called atmosphere.

Have you ever observed the sky?

___________________________

Have you tried to count the stars?

___________________________
STARS
Stars are huge luminous bodies. They have their own light and
heat .They are made of hot gases and dust . The Sun is also a star .
When you look at the sky at night, the stars appear smaller than the sun .
Why? ___________________________
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Do you know what makes these stars twinkle?

_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
The light rays from the stars pass through the atmosphere,in a
zig - zag line and thus the stars appear to twinkle.
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 PLANETS
Planets are celestial bodies which revolve around the Sun in
elliptical paths called orbits. They do not have their own light but they
reect that of the Sun. Planets do not twinkle as they are closer to the
earth
SATELLITES
Satellites are objects that go around a larger object
such as a planet. The moon is the only satellite that
goes around the earth, our planet. The other planets too
have their own satellites.
ASTEROIDS

Asteroids are also called as planetoids.

These are big pieces of rock or rock and
metal. They orbit around the Sun between
Mars and Jupiter in their own elliptical orbit
called the Asteroid Belt.

METEORS
Little pieces of rock and debris in
space are called meteoroids. These
meteoroids as they enter the earth’s
atmosphere get heated up due to friction
and leave a trail of bright light and called
meteors.
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They are also called falling stars or shooting stars. Meteors

that survive the journey through the atmosphere and hit the ground are
called meteorites.

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MOON

Moon is the natural satellite of the earth. It is

made of rocks. It has no air. The surface of the moon
has many craters and mountains. It does not have
its own light and heat. It reects the light of the Sun. It
revolves around the earth in an elliptical orbit and it
takes 27.3 days to complete one revolution. The
gravity on the moon is lesser than that of the earth.

Chandrayan-1 was launched by India on 22.10.08 to

probe the moon.
SUN
The Sun is the biggest star in our solar
system. It is a bright star and is at the centre of
the solar system. It is a big ball of re and
gives heat and light to the Earth. The light
from the Sun gives energy and strength for
things to grow. Without the light from the Sun
the Earth would be a cold dark place. It also
gives light to other planets of the solar
system.
About three quarters of the Sun's mass consists of Hydrogen, while
the rest is mostly Helium . Less than 2% of the mass is made up of ,
consists of heavier elements, including Oxygen, Carbon, Neon, Iron and
others
LET US TRY AND FIND OUT
Take a rope of 1 metre length. Tie a ball to one end. Then hold the other
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end and rotate the rope above your head so that the ball moves in circles.
The ball is in continuous motion until you hold the end of the rope.
Likewise, the Sun keeps the other planets intact because of its force of
attraction.

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 THE SOLAR SYSTEM
The Sun is at the centre of the solar system
The planets, comets, meteors and satellites
move around the Sun on a fixed path called an
orbit. The Sun and its eight planets make up
the solar system.

Look at the sentence, The starting letters of the planets are given
in colour, With the clues given try and write the names of the
eight planets and colour them.

My Very Efficient Mother Just Saved Us Now

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1. MERCURY

This is the smallest and closest planet to the Sun. It takes

only 88 Earth days to go round the Sun once . It has no
satellites and no atmosphere.

2. VENUS
It is the second planet in the solar family. It
revolves around the Sun from east to west. After the
Sun and the Moon, Venus is the brightest natural object
in the sky. It is also called the morning star or the
evening star because on some days we can see it
just before the sunrise or sun set.

3.THE EARTH
The third planet from the Sun is the Earth. It is the
home to all living things as it fulfills their basic needs.
The earth is neither too close nor too far away from the
Sun . It supports life and hence called The Living Planet.
The surface of the earth is made up of land and water.
About 71% of the earth's surface is covered by water
and 29% by land.
4.MARS
It is the fourth planet in the solar family.
Inactive volcanoes, rocky deserts and ice
covered poles were discovered on this planet.
The minerals and the iron present in the soil in
Mars give a red colour to this planet. It is a cold
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and dusty planet. It has 2 moons.

Collect articles and pictures related to space from the newspapers and
make an album.

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 5.JUPITER
It is the fifth and the largest planet in our solar
system. The surface of the planet is surrounded by
dark red and yellow clouds made of gases and
dust.The colour of the clouds depends on the gases.It
takes 12 years to make one revolution. It has 16
moons.
6.SATURN
Saturn is the sixth planet. It is a light planet, and mostly made
up of helium and hydrogen. It is surrounded by gases, dust, rocks
and icy boulders which make it look beautiful with its ring. For that
reason, it is also known as 'The Ringed Planet'. It has 30 moons.
Galileo Galili was the first person to discover the rings around
Saturn.

7.URANUS
Uranus is the seventh planet. Unlike the other
planets it does not spin on its axis. It rolls around the
sun.This planet is made up of hydrogen, along with
methane and helium. It is bluish green in colour. The
dust around it looks like a ring around it. It has 15 moons.

8.NEPTUNE
It is the eighth and the farthest planet.It appears
blue like an ocean. The Romans named it after the
God of the sea. It is made up of hydrogen, helium,
water and methane. It has 13 known moons.
Pluto is not considered a planet.
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Do you know?
Find out why.

Watching all this through the DVD, Divya was amazed.She clearly
learnt about the solar system .She started writing a thank-you letter to her
uncle for sending her a DVD worth watching several times.

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 EXERCISES
I.CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER
1. _____________ are luminous bodies.
a) stars b) planets c) moon
2. Satellite that moves around the earth is___________.
a) Sun b) Venus c) moon
3. There are____________planets in the solar family.
a) eight b) five c) ten
4. Gas which is not present in the sun is_________________.
a) methane b) hydrogen c) oxygen
5. The largest planet in the solar family is____________.
a) Mars b) Jupiter c) Neptune.
II.FILL IN THE BLANKS
1. The only planet which is suitable for living things is_______________.
2. The Sun is a ball of ______________.
3. The planet that can be seen in the sky in the morning and in
the evening is ______________________.
4. The surface of Mars is covered with ________________ and dust .

III. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING

1. Name the planets in the solar family.
2. Why do stars appear small?
3. Write a short note on meteors.
4. Why is the light of the moon not as hot as the sun’s light?
5. How do planets remain intact in space?

IV.ACTIVITIES
1. Conduct a quiz programme on the topic ‘Solar System’.
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2. Collect pictures related to the solar system and paste

them in your scrap book.
3. Make a model of the solar system with beads and balls .
4. Ask the students to enact the features of the solar
system by taking the roles of the planets.
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 HOME PLANET
Does it surprise you when I say that,
while you study and play at school in the
afternoon, children in America are having
their breakfast, and children in Japan would
have gone back home from school?
Different parts of the earth get the sunlight at different times. Do
you know why? It is because of the Earth's movements.
They are
1. Rotation
2. Revolution.
ROTATION
The Earth spins about an imaginary line called the axis.The axis
passes through the North pole and the South pole.The axis is tilted at an
angle of 23½° to the vertical line.It takes 24 hours or one day for the
Earth to complete one round. This movement of the Earth on its own axis
is called rotation.
N N
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EFFECTS OF ROTATION ON THE EARTH
1. It causes day and night.
2. Earth rotates from west to east [anti-clockwise]. So places in the
east experience the day rst.
3. Since the Earth spins from west to east, The Sun appears to rises
in the east and sets in the west.This gives us a sense of direction.
REVOLUTION

The Earth while spinning on its axis also

moves around the Sun along a xed path called the
Orbit .The Earth takes 365¼ days or one year to
go round the Sun once . This movement of the
Earth is called Revolution. The orbit of the Earth
around the Sun is elliptical ( Oval shaped ) in
shape.

Purvika is three years old now. How many times do you think
she would have travelled around the Sun?

EFFECT OF REVOLUTION ON THE EARTH

The major effects of the revolution is the Seasons that are caused
on the Earth. It changes from place to place.

G WI
IN NT
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 DO AND LEARN
You can track the changing seasons for yourself.
Note down the time of sunrise and sunset of your place every day
for a month. Mark the time on a line graph. Are the days getting longer
or shorter? Why ?
NORTHERN HEMISPHERE NORTH POLE

VERTICAL
RAYS

SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE
ING RAYS
SLANT
SOUTH POLE
SEASONS

Generally we talk about four seasons – spring [flowering season],

summer [hot season], autumn [fall] and winter [cold season]. The season
changes once in three months.

SPRING
It is a pleasant season that comes between
winter and summer. We can see the new leaves on the
trees,the flowers are in full bloom.There is a promise of
new beginnings and colour in the spring time air.

SUMMER
Summer is the hottest season among the four.
During this season we have longer days.

What comes to your mind when you hear the

word Summer?
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______________________________________
______________________________________
Which season do you like the most? Why?
_______________________________________________________________

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AUTUMN
Autumn is the season between summer and
winter. The air begins to cool. The trees shed their
leaves.This season does not occur in India
because of its geographical location.
WINTER
Winter is the coldest season. Our winters bring
us cool weather. During this season the days are
short and the nights are long. Snowfall occurs in
some countries and hilly regions.

SEASONS IN INDIA
India has only three predominant seasons. They
are summer season, rainy season and winter season.
1.SUMMER SEASON
During summer many parts of India get extremely hot. Days are very
hot and nights are warm. March, April and May are the summer months.
2.WINTER SEASON
The Indian winter in most parts of the country is usually mild and
enjoyable when compared to the other countries of the world.
November to February are the winter months. Some parts of our
country like Ladakh, Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh gets snow fall
during these months. In different parts of our State, we have
vegetables and fruits that grow during this season.
Can you name some?___________________________.
3.RAINY SEASON
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During this season the north-east monsoon and the south

west monsoon bring heavy rainfall to most parts of the country.

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 INFLUENCE OF SEASONS ON HUMANS
Our lifestyle changes according to the season. During
summer, we like to drink tender coconut, fruit juice, ice apple
(nungu) and wear cotton clothes We like to have hot steaming
food and beverages in winter. During winter we wear warm
wollen clothes.We use raincoats, gum boots and umbrellas
during the rainy season.

Do you know why?

The houses in the places which receive
heavy rainfall and snowfall have sloping roofs.

INFLUENCE OF SEASONS ON PLANTS

Fruits,vegetables and owers that are available in a particular
season may not be available in the other seasons.
In which season fruits like mangoes and watermelon are available
in abundance?________________________
Are they available in winter also?
Example: summer vegetable - drumstick
summer ower - jasmine
Find out the vegetables and owers available in winter.
INFLUENCE OF SEASONS ON ANIMALS
Winters are extreme in the polar regions.In the
Arctic,animals like whales move from North America to
the coastal region of Gulf of California before winter
starts to escape from the harsh weather.

Similarly, birds like the Arctic tern move in ocks to

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places where the weather conditions are suitable.

This movement is called migration.

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 The Polar regions remain frozen in winter. In the
extreme cold condition food is scarce. So the Polar
bears undergo long winter sleep called Hibernation .
The excess fat stored in their body provides energy
and helps them to survive during hibernation.

WEATHER AND CLIMATE

WEATHER CLIMATE

1. Climate is the average

1. Short period of time. weather conditions at a place
2. It changes from time to time and over a long period of time.
place to place. 2. It is a stable weather
3. Weather condition of a place is condition of a larger area
and does not change easily.
decided by the factors like sun,
3. It means average
wind, rain and clouds. temperature, rainfall etc.,. of a
region.

LET US FILL THE TABULAR COLUMN !

AVAILABLE IN AVAILABLE IN
ALL SEASONS A PARTICULAR
SEASON

VEGETABLES

FRUITS

FLOWERS
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 ECLIPSE
Eclipse is an astronomical event that occurs when one celestial
object casts a shadow on another.
There are two types of eclipses.
THE SOLAR ECLIPSE (solar-sun;eclipse-hidden)
When the moon comes between the sun and the earth the shadow
of the moon falls on the Earth. People who live in that part of the earth
cannot see the Sun. This is called solar eclipse. This can occur only
on a new moon day.
SUN

MOON

EARTH
SOLAR ECLIPSE

LUNAR ECLIPSE (lunar - moon; eclipse - hidden)

A lunar eclipse occurs when the earth blocks the sun's rays from
reaching the moon. This can occur only when the Earth comes in
between the Sun and the moon. A lunar eclipse can occur only
on a full moon day.
SUN

EARTH
MOON
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LUNAR ECLIPSE

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SOME INTERESTING FACTS!
1. If you feel cold during winter, just remember that in parts of North
America and Europe, the temperature in winter can be as low as
o
minus 50 C [ice everywhere]
2. The ideal room temperature is 25oc.
3. The wettest place on Earth is in India, at a place called Mawsynram
- it receives 12 metres of rainfall every year!
4. The world's driest place is in Chile, the Atacama desert.

Mawsynram, Meghalaya Atacama Desert, Chile, S.America

ACTIVITIES (Pair Work)
1. Talk to each other and share your experiences of weather and climate.
2. List the things necessary for different kinds of weather and climate.
3. Observe the phases of the moon and trace it in your note books or
prepare it with cream biscuits and paste it.

4. Find out if 2 full moon days occur in any single month this year
5. Spot the weather, climate associated words from the grid.

W I N T E R H U

L I T H I S O N

P R A I N U T E
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U A C O L D O W

R S U M M E R S

I M O N S O O N

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 EXERCISE
I. FILL IN THE BLANKS
1. The movement of the Earth on its own axis is called ___________.
2. The number of days the Earth takes to go round the Sun is _____.
3. The days are short and the nights are long in ________.
4. The average temperature of a particular place over a period of
time is called _______________.
5. The revolution of the Earth around the Sun and the tilt of the
Earth's axis causes ____________.
II. WHAT IS IT?
1. It can be seen in the coming of new leaves on the trees. ________.
2. It appears as a dark circle in the night sky on certain days. ______.
3. It occurs when one celestial object moves into the shadow of
another. ________.
4. It is usually mild and enjoyable when compared to the other
countries of the world. _______________.
5. It rotates from west to east. ___________.
III. WRITE 2 THINGS YOU CAN DO DURING THE FOLLOWING DAYS.
Sunny Day __________________________________________.
Cloudy Day _________________________________________.
Rainy Day __________________________________________ .
Windy Day __________________________________________.

IV. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING

1. What is an axis?
2. What causes seasons?
3. How does the moon get different shapes?
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4. What happens when the Earth comes in between the Sun and the
Moon?
5. Name the seasons of India.

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 EARTH'S GIFT
Natural resources are materials that are available naturally on the
earth.The Sun, air, land, water, natural gas, coal, oil, petroleum,
minerals, wood, topsoil, fauna, flora, forests and wildlife are not made by
human beings. Therefore they are natural resources.
Identify the resources in the pictures and complete the boxes provided.

THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF RESOURCES

RENEWABLE RESOURCES

WATER SUNLIGHT LAND AIR

NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES
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MINERALS - GOLD PETROLEUM COAL

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 1. RENEWABLE RESOURCES
Renewable resources are those that can be used again and again
Eg. Air, Water, and Sunlight.
2.NON- RENEWABLE RESOURCES
Non renewable resources are those that cannot be produced again
and again Eg. Coal, Petroleum. These natural resources are found
under the surface of the earth. With every advancement in technology,
our needs are growing and we tend to over indulge with the available
natural resources. It is our responsibility to use the resources
judiciously and conserve some for the future generations.
THINK........
Ravi’s mother Asked him Greedy Ravi The next day he
gave him 10 to eat ate all the did not have any
chocolates one a day chocolates chocolate to eat
within a day why did
this happen?
Think!
WATER
Water is important for all living beings. We depend on
the monsoon for rain. Though 71% of earth is covered by
water only 2% is fresh water which is usable .Therefore
our main source of water is rain. The rain water gets
collected in rivers, lakes, ponds etc.and it is used for
domestic purposes, irrigation, and also for the industries.
So it is our duty to conserve water.
Make a model of a house with thermocol
with rain water harvesting facility.
SOCIAL SCIENCE

Look at this picture and discuss in groups about the

method of rainwater harvesting. Ground Water

The Bhakra Nangal Dam is the Highest Dam in India.

The Hirakud dam is the longest Dam in the world.

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METHODS OF CONSERVING WATER

Rain Water Harvesting means the accumulation and storing of

rainwater. It recharges the groundwater. Rainwater collected from
roofs of houses, tents etc can make an important contribution to
drinking water.

Dams should be built across the rivers to prevent floods and

to store water.
We should not throw garbage and industrial wastes into,
rivers, lakes, etc.,to prevent water pollution.

March 22nd is celebrated as World Water Day .

Man utilises nearly 125 litres of water a day.

SOIL
Soil is an important natural resource. It takes thousands of years to
form a layer of soil. It is formed by breaking up of rocks and decayed
organic matter. Soil varies from region to region depending on the
surface, climate and rainfall.

TYPES OF SOIL
The main types of soil found in different regions of India are

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ALLUVIAL SOIL BLACK SOIL RED SOIL LATERITE SOIL DESERT SOIL

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 SOIL FERTILITY
Soil contains dead plants and animals, minerals, water and air which
make the soil rich and fertile.Plants and trees grow on the top layer
of the earth's surface .

METHODS OF CONSERVING SOIL

1. Soil has to be tested periodically to check the fertility of the soil.
2. Use of organic fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers helps to
retain the fertility. .
3. The efuents from the industries should be treated before they are
let into the rivers.
4. Overgrazing on the hill slopes leads to soil erosion.Hence it should
be controlled.
5. More trees and plants are to be grown to prevent soil erosion.
6. Use of plastics should be Avoided.
The following methods of farming are practised to prevent soil
erosion and to increase the fertility of the soil.
METHODS OF FARMING
TERRACE FARMING
The hill slopes are cut into broad steps called
terraces and farming is done.On the terraces. It helps
to slow down the ow of water. It also reduces soil
erosion and land slides The crops that are grown here
. are coffee, tea and underground vegetables.
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Do you wish to become a farmer? Give one reason for your answer.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________

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CROP ROTATION
Successive planting of different crops on the same
land is called crop rotation. This helps us to improve
soil fertility and to control insects and diseases.In crop
rotation a cultivated crop(for example rice)is alternated
with a legume (for example pulses or ground nuts). Legumes help us to
maintain the fertility of the soil by taking in nitrogen from the atmosphere
MIXED FARMING

Mixed Farming means combining two

independent crops on the same farm. They support
each other and add to the farmers' protability. eg.
groundnut and bengalgram.

These methods protect the fertility of the soil

AIR
Air is one of our basic needs. All living things need air to breathe.
Air consists of nitrogen, oxygen and other gases. Fresh air keeps us
healthy. It is an important natural resource.

In Coimbatore, Tiruppur, Tirunelveli,

Kanyakumari and Theni districts wind is
harnessed to produce electricity.

But unfortunately the air is polluted by dust, smoke etc. due to an

increase in the number of industries and vehicles. It affects plants,
human beings, animals and the atmosphere as a whole.

The energy we get from the sun is called Solar energy.It is the eco-
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friendly energy of the future. Today, solar energy is used to heat water
and light up homes. Solar energy is tapped to burn LED bulbs !

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 WAYS TO CONTROL AIR POLLUTION
There is a need to keep the air clean.
1. Vehicles should run on cleaner fuels like CNG. (Compressed
Natural Gas)
2. Garbage ,plastics and other wastes should not be burned in the
open.
3. Factories should lter and check the harmful gases before they are
let out into the atmosphere.

FOREST
A forest is a large area of land thickly covered by trees. One fth of
the land in India is covered by forests. Forests reduce air pollution
improve the quality of soil and make it fertile. The roots of trees .
help in reducing soil erosion.
They provide us with food, timber, medicines and are homes
to many animals and birds. They also provide raw materials
for industries. These rich ora and fauna are our natural
resources. We need to conserve our forests to prevent
oods, landslides and soil erosion.
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METHODS OF CONSERVING FORESTS
1. Should prevent over grazing by cattle.
2. Afforestation (planting of trees).
The government has made a
conscious effort to safeguard our
environment by launching many
programmes to plant more trees .

Amazon forest in South America provides 25% of oxygen

The age of the trees are known from its rings in the bark

GLOBAL WARMING
Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of the
Earth's surface and oceans.This is due to emission of green house gases
such as carbon dioxide from factories,vehicles and burning of fossil fuels
or from deforestation. This rise in temperature changes the climate,
melts the ice sheets and causes a rise in the sea level. This will pose a
great danger to the survival of our planet Earth.So, it is the responsibility
of every one of us to take care and save the Earth from any such danger.

Draw a picture and write a slogan on the topic "Save our Earth"

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Collect information about Chipko movement and Van Mahotsav.

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 ACTIVITIES
I. We are the water bodies. Can you find us in the word grid ?
S L A K E R T
O P R Q E I U
W E L L R V B
C G J H D E F
P O N D W R Z

II. Find out the difference between the two pictures and write the
difference in the given pollution column.
LAND

WATER

AIR
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III. Initiate a discussion on the Earth and its resources.
IV. Encourage the students to use water judiciously at home and
at the school.
V. Ask them to find out the types of Soil in their region.
VI. Have a debate on the hazards of Air pollution.
VII Teach them the benefits of growing trees.
VIII.Let each class sow and maintain a plant at school.
IX. Collect data of the dams in India and discuss the advantages and
disadvantages of dams and find how the hydro electric power is generated.

EXERCISE
I.CIRCLE THE CORRECT WORD IN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES.
1. Water and sunlight are renewable / non renewable resources
2. Soil erosion increases / decreases the fertility of the soil.
3. We need / do not need air to breathe.
4. We must plant/ not plant more trees.
II.SAY WHETHER THESE SENTENCES ARE TRUE OR FALSE
1.There are two types of resources ( )
2.Coal is a renewable resource ( )
3.Our main source of water is rain ( )
4.The government does not encourage people to grow more trees ( )
III. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING
1. Write any four methods by which soil can be conserved.
2. Name the two social forestry programmes.
3. How can air pollution be avoided?
4. What is global warming?
5. Suggest ways to protect our planet.
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IV. UNSCRAMBLE THESE WORDS TO GET THE USES OF WATER.

1. I D N G K R I N ____________________
2. C K G O O I N ____________________
3. G S A H I W N ____________________
4. S R P C O ____________________
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 I am Velan, an Indian elephant (also known as Asian elephant).
I am an old tusker [male elephant] I now live in the Mudumalai wildlife
sanctuary in Tamilnadu I have lived long enough to have seen many
events and changes that have occured in the forests I lived.
Listen to my story ..

I was born in the Nilgiri Hills. The

forests in the Nilgiris are thick and have a
variety of trees. A river ows through this
region. this river acts as a border between
Tamilnadu and Karnataka we live in a herd.
The leader of our group is a tusker. He leads
us when we move from one place to another
in the forest in search of water and food.
We live in a closely knit groups where young ones are looked
carefully by all the female elephants.
I loved eating the tender bamboo shoots and the wild sugarcane
that grew in the forest. I remember the enjoyable days I had with my
friends, playing in the water and rolling in the mud...I cherish those
beautiful memories. Oh! What wonderful days where those!!!
Now that I have become
old they have brought me
to the Mudumalai wildlife
sanctuary which is a safe
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place for me to live in old

age.
Do you know What a wild life sanctuary is?
A wild life Sanctuary is a protected area where the birds and
animals live in their natural habitats.
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 I must tell you about my life in Mudumalai. Look at this man.
He is Palanisami. His family has lived in the forest for years.
He works as a forest ranger. His duty is to look after the
forests. His job is to make sure that there are no forest res,
to see how many animals are there and to bring sick animals
to the animal hospital. He informs the department if he sees
people hunting animals. He takes tourists on trips to certain
areas where they can see the wildlife and birds.
He also makes sure that tourists do not throw plastics
and garbage in the protected area. He also takes care of me
and the others like me. He has taken a special training to work
in the forests. He knows a lot about the sanctuaries and
national parks in India. He talks about them enthusiastically
and interestingly. Just listen to him.

Hello! My name is Palanisami. Velan has already told you about

me. I just want to add one more thing about myself. Right from my
childhood I always wanted to be a part of this forest and I enjoy being
here. I have worked in a few other Sanctuaries and National Parks.
I am happy to share with you information about other national parks
and sanctuaries in Tamilnadu.

1.MUDUMALAI SANCTUARY AND NATIONAL PARK

'Mudumalai' means 'ancient hill-range. ' It was made a sanctuary in
early 1940. The bird life here is beautiful. It is also one of the Tiger
Reserves. The road connecting Mysore and Ooty passes through this
sanctuary. Some times, the speeding vehicles run over the crossing
animals, particularly at nights. Unfortunately some tourists who drive
through the sanctuary throw plastic bottles and bags
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these plastic bags and bottles harm

the animals.

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 2. INDIRA GANDHI WILDLIFE SANCTUARY -
NATIONAL PARK
It is in the Anamalai Hills. The hills are high and the
endemic forest is the Shola, with lots of bamboo!
Look at the animals.
Which is your favourite one?
___________________________

There are many species like

TIGER

ELEPHANTS GAUR SAMBAR DEER LEOPARD

JACKAL FLYING SQUIRREL PALM CIVET

Bird species like
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BARBETS BABBLERS DRONGOS PEAFOWL

can also be sighted.
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 3.POINT CALIMERE [KODIKKARAI] SANCTUARY
This is a coastal sanctuary. It has sandy coasts and backwaters. Apart
from animals this sanctuary is also famous for the Olive Ridley sea turtle
which lays its eggs on the shore here.

OLIVE RIDLEY OLIVE RIDLEY EGGS STAR TURTLE

During winter, thousands of migratory birds visit the sanctuary. Do you
know what migration is? When the climate gets very cold, birds go to
places where food and nesting places are available. Sometimes they
travel thousands of kilometers to reach suitable places.

PLOVERS WADERS TERN

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GULLS DUCKS
These birds spend the winter in warm places . Thousands of greater
amingo also ock here. The migratory birds are best seen between
November and March. Why do these birds migrate? Think __________
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 4. SRIVILLIPUTHUR GRIZZLED SQUIRREL
WILDLIFE SANCTUARY
This Sanctuary spread over an area of 480 sq.km. It
was opened in 1989 to protect the grizzled squirrel. The
endangered grizzled squirrel is the key species. This squirrel
is larger than the three-striped palm squirrel and it is
brownish grey in colour. Its belly is dirty white and its
tail has white bands. This squirrel lives in tamarind, vagai,
naval, neer maruthu and neem trees.
5.GULF OF MANNAR MARINE NATIONAL PARK
Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park is part of the
10,500 sq.km. of Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve.
It is situated on the south-east coast of
India. It is known for its rich marine life.
Marine elements like algae , sea
grasses, coral reefs, salt marshes and mangroves
combined with mudats and estuaries, allow 3,600 kinds
of plants and animals to exist.
6. GUINDY NATIONAL PARK
The Guindy National Park is the eighth smallest
national park in India and it is in the heart of Chennai.It
was the hunting place of Gilbert Rodericks for the
British. The Tamilnadu Forest Department tookover
the park in the year 1958. The park has more than 350
types of plants.
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Have you ever been to the Guindy National Park?___________________

Name the animals and birds you saw there.

__________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

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 We can see varieties of animals like Deer, Mongoose, Fox etc...

More than 100 varities of birds are found here.

About 350 species of plants are found here.

The Snake park is its special attraction.
7. KOONTHANKULAM SANCTUARY
Koonthankulam is a village 38 kms from
Tirunelveli town. People of this village have always
been the protectors of birds that visit the village and the
nearby ponds and lakes. They do not burst crackers
during Deepavali. For they fear that it may disturb the
birds there. Even when the chicks fall off the nests by
accident, the villagers take care of them.
5 DECLARED NATIONAL PARKS IN TAMIL NADU .
1.Indira Gandhi National Park [1989]
2.Mudumalai National Park. [1990]
3. Mukurthi National Park.[1982]
4.Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park [1980]
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5.Guindy National Park. [1976]

There are 7 wildlife sanctuaries and 13 bird sanctuaries. I will give you
the list; you can go through them leisurely. I am sure you enjoyed
listening to me as much as I enjoyed talking to you.Here is the list for you.

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 7 WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES IN TAMILNADU
1. Grizzled Squirrel Wildlife Sanctuary, a Giant Squirrel Sanctuary
near Srivilliputhur is in Virudhunagar district.
2. Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary is near Indira Gandhi National
Park in Coimbatore District.
3. Kalakkad Wildlife Sanctuary in Tirunelveli District is part of the
Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve .
4. Kanyakumari Wildlife Sanctuary is a tiger habitat in Kanyakumari
district.
5. Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary in Nilgiris district is close to
Mudumalai National Park.
6. Sathyamangalam Sanctuary in Erode District, was made a
sanctuary in 2008.
7. Vallanadu Wildlife Sanctuary, a Black Buck Antelope
sanctuary is in Thoothukudi District.
13 BIRD SANCTUARIES IN TAMILNADU
1. Chitrangudi Bird Sanctuary - Ramnadapuram District
2. Kanjirankulam Bird Sanctuary - Ramnadapuram District
3. Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary - Perambalur District
4. Karikili Bird Sanctuary - Kancheepuram District
5. Koonthankulam Bird Sanctuary - Tirunelveli District
6. Melselvanur-Keelselvanur
Bird Sanctuary - Ramnadapuram District
7. Point Kalimar Bird Sanctuary - Tanjore District
8. Pulicat Lake Bird Sanctuary - Thiruvallur District
9. Udhayamarthandapuram
Bird Sanctuary - Thiruvarur District.
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10.Vaduvoor Bird Sanctuary - Nagapattinam District

11.Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary - Kancheepuram District
12.Vellode Bird Sanctuary - Erode District.
13.Vettangudi Bird Sanctuary - Sivagangai District

166
 Apart from these 13 birds sanctuaries we have Veralimalai Peacock
Sanctuary-Pudukottai district. Kallaperambalur lake located in Tanjore
district has been recently announced as a bird sanctuary by the forest
department.
With the help of Tamilnadu political map do this activity.

Draw , , in the districts where we find birds sanctuaries .

Draw , , in the districts where we find wild life sanctuaries.

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167
 EXERCISE
I. FILL IN THE BLANKS

1.The sanctuary that protects the shola forest is _____________.

2.The sanctuary that protects the turtles is _____________________.
3.The sanctuaries where people protect birds are________________ &
_______________.
4.The sanctuary that protects a variety of squirrels is ______________.
5.The sanctuary that is in a city is _____________________________.
6.The sanctuary that protects marine life is _____________________.
7.The sanctuary where many migratory birds come is _____________.

II. COLLECT FEATHERS OF DIFFERENT BIRDS AND DECORATE

THE PEACOCK BY PASTING THE FEATHERS.
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 0

THE FREEDOM STRUGGLE

August 15th is the most important day for the people of India. It is the
day which is celebrated with pride and patriotism by every Indian citizen.
What is so special about this day?
It was on this date in 1947A.D that India was declared a free and
independent nation by the British.
But how did India come under the British?
In 1600A.D, Queen Elizabeth granted a charter to trade freely with the
countries of the east. The East India Company came into India. It rst
established a trading centre at Surat and then began building factories.
During this time India was divided into several small states and there was
no unity among the rulers. The East India Company took advantage of the
situation and began to interfere in the Indian affairs. Soon they conquered
the entire country and India became a market for English goods.
The Indian weavers were badly affected,
as the machine-made cloth of the British
was sold at a cheaper rate in the Indian
markets.
THE VELLORE MUTINY -1806

The main reasons for the mutiny were

1. The changes in the sepoy
dress code.
2. Hindus were prohibited
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from wearing religious marks on

their foreheads and Muslims
were required to shave their
beard and trim their moustache.

169
 3. The plan of restoring the kingdom of Mysore to the sons of
Tipu Sultan was also a reason for this mutiny.

SEPOY MUTINY- 1857

Though there were many causes for

this mutiny, the immediate cause was
when the sepoys were asked to use
cartridges greased with cow and pig fat.
This affected the religious sentiments of
both the Hindus and the Muslims.
Bahadur Shah, Nana Sahib, Tantia Tope
and Rani Lakshmi Bai played an
important role in this revolt.

The British put down these revolts with their military power [armed
forces]. The power of the East India Company was transferred to the
Queen of England and the British became a strong power in India.

THE INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS -1885

The Indian National Congress was founded upon
the suggestion of Allen Octavian Hume, a British ofcial
in 1885 in Mumbai. The aims of this congress was to
include the educated Indians in the British
administration in India and to bring economic reforms.
This organization later became the stirring force of the
freedom movement. A.O.HUME

Gopalakrishna Gokhale, Dadabhai Naoroji, Surendranath

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Banerjee, Bipin Chandra Pal and Lala Lajpat Rai were some of the early
leaders of the Congress. These leaders united the people for the cause
of freedom with patriotic messages. Poet Rabindranath Tagore's
patriotic songs brought the people together to a great extent.

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 THE PARTITION OF BENGAL 1905
The British were worried about the
growth of nationalistic [patriotic] feelings
among the Indians. In order to prevent this,
Lord Curzon divided Bengal (the source of all
revolts) into East and West in 1905 . The
eastern part of Bengal had Muslim majority and
BURNING FOREIGN CLOTHES
the western part had Hindu majority. By doing
so he tried to destroy Hindu-Muslim unity.

This partition of Bengal angered the people and led to the Swadeshi
movement. Indians began to use only goods made in India and
boycotted [refused to use] the British goods by throwing them into
bonres lit in public places.

JALLIANWALA BAGH MASSACRE 1919

The British passed the Rowlatt Act in 1919 to control the

growing nationalist movements. To show their disagreement to
this act in a peaceful way more than 10,000 men, women and
children had gathered at Jallianwala Bagh on 13 th April 1919
.
General Dyer, a British ofcial arrived with a troop and
gave shooting orders on the innocent unarmed people.
This ruthless massacre became the turning point in the
Jallianwala Bagh
freedom movement. Memorial

THE NON COOPERATION MOVEMENT 1920

Gandhiji used the Jallianwala Bagh incident as an opportunity to

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unite the people. He felt that if the Indians refused to cooperate with
the British, their rule in India would collapse and India would become
free. So he launched the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1920.

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 THE CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT 1930
In 1930 Gandhiji launched the civil disobedience movement. He
asked people to disobey all the British laws. Gandhiji took up Dandi March
(Salt Satyagraha) against the tax on salt because Indians were asked to
pay money to the British in order to produce salt! In the south, under the
leadership of Rajaji (C. Rajagoplachari) people marched from Tiruchi to
Vedaranyam to break the salt tax law.
THE QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT 1942
In 1942 during the Second World War the British wanted India to
join the war. India demanded complete independence in return. Since the
British were not willing Gandhiji launched the Quit India Movement in1942.
INDIA BECAME INDEPENDENT 1947
Gandhiji asked the people to 'Do or Die'. The movement gained great
momentum. Slowly the British agreed to leave India. Thus India attained
Independence on 15 th August 1947. Jawaharlal Nehru became the
rst Prime Minister of independent India.
LEADERSHIP AND INSPIRATIONS
MOHANDAS KARAMCHAND GANDHI
He was born on 2 nd October 1869 at Porbandar (Gujarat). He had
his early education in India and went to England to study law. In 1893 he
went to South Africa to practise law. During his stay there he saw the
racial discrimination and oppression committed against the Indians and
began to ght against the whites.
It was only then the concept of Satyagraha (satya- truth, agraha-
ght) which is based on truth and non-violence, evolved in him.
He came back to India in 1915 and visited
every nook and corner of India and set up the
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Sabarmati Ashram in Gujarat in 1916. He called

the oppressed section of people as Harijan or
children of God. He worked for the revival of
village craft. He popularised charka and khadi
as symbols of self-reliance.
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JAWAHARLAL NEHRU
He was born on 14 th November 1889. He was the
son of Motilal Nehru who was one of the important
Congress leaders. Nehru studied in England.
In 1912 he joined the National Movement. He was an ardent follower of
Gandhiji and his principles. He took part in the national movements and
was sent to jail several times. He believed that improving the condition
of the common people cannot be separated from the freedom struggle.
He became the rst Prime Minister of independent India.
V.O. CHIDAMBARAM PILLAI
V.O. Chidambaram Pillai was born in Ottapidaram, in
th
Tuticorin district of Tamil Nadu, on 5 . September 1872.
He is also known by his Tamil initials Vaa. Oo. Ce. He was a
lawyer and a trade union leader. He entered politics in 1905
soon after the Partition of Bengal and became a member of
Indian National Congress. He was the rst Indian to
start a Steam Navigation Company that ran a ferry
service between Tuticorin(Thoothukudi) and Colombo.
This Swadesi Steam Navigation Company was bold enough to
compete with the British trading ships. For this bold action of him, he
was called 'Kappalotiya Tamilan'. He was accused of talking and
writing against the British and sentenced to life imprisonment.He was
illtreated by the British in the prison.
THILLAIAADI VALLIAMMAI
She was born on 22 nd February1898 at Thillaiaadi in Nagapatnam
district. Her parents migrated to South Africa from India. Valliammai had
never been to India. Right from her childhood she had seen only hatred
for Indians and the racial discrimination. As a young girl she joined her
mother in the march against the marriage law passed by the South
African government. Along with the others she was put in jail where
she took ill. Later she died at the age of 16. Gandhi said that her
sacrice gave him the inner force to ght for Indian Independence.
173
 Establishment of
East Iindia company 1600 A.D

Trade centres

Surat,M
adras(C
hennai)
,Calcutt
a(Kolka
tta)

England

Looting Indian wealth

Quarrel among Indian Kings

Vellore mutiny 1806A.D

Jansi Rani Lakshmibai

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Sepoy Mutiny 1857A.D

174
 Jallian Wallahbagh Massacre 1919 A.D
General Dyre

Bengal partition Freedom struggle through

Swadesi movement Non-violence

Establishment of Indian
national congress 1885 A.D

India gained independence in 1947 A.D

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175
 TIMELINE CHART
YEAR EVENTS
1600 Establishment of East India Company
1806 Vellore Mutiny
1857 Sepoy Mutiny

1905 Partition of Bengal

1919 Jallianwallabagh Massacre
1920 Non Cooperation Movement
1930 Civil Disobedience Movement
1942 Quit India Movement
1947 India gained Independence
1950 India became a Republic

ACTIVITIES
I. WORK IN GROUPS
Find out the various steps through which our National flag
was developed - draw and show.
Collect pictures of your favourite freedom fighter and make
a chart to say why he / she is your favourite.

II. FIND OUT THE LEADERS HIDDEN IN THE GRID

A V R D B J N D N
V A A O O C E L S
1. V________ E L D G S N H B L
2. V_______ O L M T E C R J G
3. N________
W I A C Q U U Y O
4. G________
G A N D H I F T K
5. G_______
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6. T_________ X M W E Y G H C A
A M N Y S I F N L
C A W Q S E D J E
V I R I F W U D S
T U J T A G O R E

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 EXERCISE
I. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES
1. The East India Company established its first trading
centre in India at _______.
2. The main reason for the 1806 Vellore Mutiny was change in _____.
3. A.O. Hume a British official suggested the formation of_________.
4. Rabindranath Tagore brought the people together through
his _________.
5. In 1920 Gandhiji launched _____________.
II. GIVE REASONS

1. East India Company began to interfere in the Indian affairs.

2. Jawaharlal Nehru worked for the welfare of the common people.
3. Thillaiaadi Valliammai was imprisoned.
4. V.O. Chidambaram Pillai is known as 'Kappalotiya Tamilan'

III.FILL THE TABULAR COLUMNS

MUTINY YEAR REASON YOUR OPINION

VELLORE

SEPOY

IV. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING

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1. What was the immediate cause for the Sepoy Mutiny?

2. Why did Gandhi organize the Non Cooperation Movement?
3. Write three sentences about Salt Sathyagraha.
4. When did the concept of sathyagraha evolve in Mahathma Gandhi?
177
 LET US RECALL
What comes to your mind when you think of each lesson?
Write in the given space .
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179
 'I can, I did'
Student's Activity Record
Subject:

Sl.No Date Lesson Topic of the Activities Remarks

No. Lesson
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180