Laptop Chip Level Repair Guide 12
Chapter 1
The Introduction of Laptop
Repair
The laptop computer also called as: Laptop, Notebook Computer, Portable, NB
and etc. Nowadays, the laptop computer repair business still maintain in the
market now. But the desktop computer repair market percentage is huge drop
when compare to laptop computer.
1.1: The Level of Laptop Computer
Maintenance/Repair
1) Application Level Laptop Maintenance
This level of laptop repair is more on the software and system OS installed. For
example:
Install Operation System (OS)
Install sound card, network card, Bluetooth, graphic card and etc
hardware drivers.
Upgrade BIOS
And etc.
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2) Board Level Laptop Maintenance
This level of laptop repair is more on the swap board. For example:
Replace CPU (Processor), including the CPU heat sink & fan.
Replace Hard disk
Replace Battery
Upgrade/Replace RAM
Replace Keyboard
Replace Screen
Replace WIFI card
And etc.
In this level of laptop repair, the repairer must have the basic knowledge on
electronic. For example on how to use the multimeter to testing/measure voltage &
ohm values.
3) Components Level Laptop Maintenance
In this level of laptop repair, the repairer must know how to use the multimeter,
Oscilloscope, DC Regulated Power Supply, Soldering Workstation, BGA
machine and etc.
The repairer can repair laptop mainboard with replace the electronic
components to solve the laptop mainboard problem. For example electronic
components:
Resistor, Capacitor, Transistor/MOSFET
Inductor
IC chip
South & North Bridge
Discrete Graphic BGA chip & etc.
4) Signal Level Laptop Mainboard Maintenance
Signals level laptop repair is an advance level of component level laptop repair.
This is a top level or laptop repair. You need to know the knowledge on the
above 1), 2) & and 3). For example, know how to read the schematic diagram,
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Laptop Chip Level Repair Guide 14
for signal level laptop level repair, you must know how to measure and analysis
the signals of the mainboard. So the perfect laptop repair solution is:
Components Level + Signal Level repair!
1.2: The Basic Knowledge You Must Know
Before Starting to Repair Laptop
1) The basic electronic repair knowledge you must know:
a) The analogue and digital circuits.
b) What are the opened circuit, short circuit, leakage circuit and etc.
c) For the laptop repairer, you must know what's the "signal" and "timing
sequence".
I. Signal = When a laptop mainboard working, it will sends and
receives different data and commands to control the circuits. So the
signal is very important for a laptop mainboard to working
properly.
II. Timing Sequence = The meaning of Timing Sequence is as the
name of "Timing" and the "Sequence". When a laptop mainboard
supply an AC to it, press power button until it start-up/opening
successfully to working. At the same time mainboard each circuit
will sends and receives the signals in between their correct timing
and sequence, to successfully start-up/open the mainboard and
ready to use by the user. The timing sequence is important, and
must need to follow. If one of the step missing or incorrect timing,
it will cause the mainboard not working. Even the markets have
many brands laptop, but all or most of them are just using the Intel
or AMD platform chipset only. So the same chipset is using the
same timing sequence to work. And then we can just learn these
two main chipset timing sequence, we can handle and repair the
laptop easily.
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2) Know how to testing electronic components
As a laptop repairer, you must know what type of electronic component it is and
know how to testing an electronic component with using the proper tools &
equipment.
3) Know the structure of laptop
Need to know the structure of laptop before repair it. For example, how to
proper dismantle the laptop and the correct maintenance steps.
4) Know how to operation the testing equipment properly
Need to know the proper way on how to use the multimeter, soldering iron
(soldering workstation), diagnostic card, DC regulated power supply,
oscilloscope, BGA and etc. Also need to know how to avoid the electro-static
damage the laptop mainboard. So it will help the laptop repairer to increase their
successful rate in laptop repair.
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