ETHICS AND UNIVERSAL VALUES

MORAL, LAW, AND RELIGION

GEC 221 D

GROUP 1
Members:
Balt, Sittie Aylisha
Gubat, Pricess johaina
Lucman, Abdul rashid
Mangontara, Norfaida
Macapaar, Nairah P.
Macapatao, Sittie raifah
Mama, Raimah
Paino, Surayah
Pangandaman, Azzam
Sangcopan, Aliacsan
Sarip, Halima

FEBRUARY 20, 2023

ETHICS AND UNIVERSAL VALUES
MACAPATAO: Our topic is Ethics and universal values. A value is one of our most important
and enduring beliefs, whether that be about a thing is a behavior. Even though some values may
be universal, they often arise from particular religions, social and political contexts. The term
“value” means something that an individual or community believes has a worth that merits it
being pursued, promoted or privileged. This can be a thing (money, food, art) a states of mind
(protecting innocents, telling the truth, being creative).
Universal values, if it has same value or worth for all, or almost all people sphere of human value
encompass morality, aesthetic preference, human trait, human endeavor, and social order.
Example of universal values in human values. The values and virtues practiced in universities
heavily influence the future leaders.
SARIP: Future leaders are greatly impacted by the principles and virtues that are taught in
universities. It is widely believed that raising the status of the teaching profession is necessary to
protect its honor and integrity. The term "basic human values" refers to the principles that
underpin who we are as people. Truth, honesty, loyalty, love, peace, and other values are
regarded as fundamental human qualities because they highlight people's intrinsic goodness and
the goodness of society as a whole
PAINO: So to my part I will discussing about the five human values and that is a right conduct,
peace, truth, peaceful co-existence and discipline. So before that let’s talk about the right
conduct. All of us are know what is the word right conduct because every day we heard that
word from other to give a discipline to her neighbor. So right conduct is showing our real
personality or manner that can explain our self, for example a man didn’t help a person who
really need a help just like a little food, advise or even a money and aside from that they showing
his personality by unrespecting other.
The next one is a word peace are defined to a concept of societal friendship and harmony in the
absence of hostility and violence in a social sense, for example is when you and your friend have
a misunderstanding and you don’t like to fight her because you want a peaceful then you decided
to choose remain silent and hear what you friend saying until she stop. Another one is the word
truth, the word truth is defining about the real or happening to your society or even in your
relationship to a person and also the word truth is telling you the reality. So let’s proceed to the
word peaceful co-existence the peaceful co-existence is explaining how individual want a
peaceful life by doing an action or saying, just for example forgiving a person to her mistake
because you don’t want to get mad because all you wanted is a peaceful life and also by taking
care of our environment by doing cleanliness, gardening and other. And lastly the word
discipline is one of important thing that we need to learned because our action and saying are
depending to how we discipline ourselves and also discipline is defined to who you are and what
you are.

MORAL, LAW, RELIGION

NAIRAH: we are all know what is morality is, right? So let’s recall what is morality. Morality is
a set of values, beliefs, and principles that guide an individual’s behavior and decisions. It can
also refer to the actions and choices we make, or the way we think and feel about those actions
and values. There are examples of being a good moral, like Being honest, treating others w/
respect, helping those in need, adhering to laws, social norms. Also there are others examples are
not taking advantage of people in vulnerable positions, avoiding violence, being generous and
kind toward often.
Many people believe that it is moral to take care of the environment and act in ways that promote
sustainability.
BALT: Have you ever thought someone else acted unethically? Have you ever questioned their
moral compass or the principles that guide their judgment? When our imaginations stray to these
locations, the terms ethics and morals tend to feel very similar, yet they are not nearly the same.
Continue to listen for clarifications and examples of ethics, and morality to discover how they
differ.
Morals and ethics are closely related. In fact, a lot of ethicists think the two phrases can be used
interchangeably. However, there are a few little variations in how they impact our life. Ethics
define what actions are "right" or "wrong," while morals determine whether people feel "good"
or "bad." Ethics decide what actions are "correct," while morals reflect our intentions. Think of
ethics as the driving force behind right or wrong conduct, while morals serve as the guide.
You're most likely to see a code of ethics in the commercial or legal areas. These areas are far
more black and white than personal beliefs or morals since they define norms for employees and
residents in a society.
For example: Doctors are held to a strict code of ethics when they swear the Hippocratic Oath.
They are bound to the rule "do no harm," and can be held accountable if they do cause harm to
their patients.
A student who helps another student cheat on a test is breaking their school's ethics. Even though
they are doing it for a moral reason (helping a friend), they are committing an ethical violation
and can be punished. Ethics are basically an institution's attempt to regulate behavior with rules
based on a shared moral code. Violating ethics has the same consequence as breaking a rule,
while violating one's morals results in personal guilt and shame instead of a societal
consequence. Ethical dilemmas occur when an institutional set of ethics conflicts with one's
personal moral code.
Morals, also known as moral values, are the system of beliefs that emerge out of core values.
Morals are specific and context-driven rules that govern a person’s desire to be good. They can
be shared by a larger population, but a person's moral code may differ from others' depending on
their personal values. We make moral decisions based on personal values all the time. An
example of a moral in the example above is determined by a person's value of honesty: cheating
is bad. Someone who values success more than honesty may behave by another moral: cheating
is fine.
Additional examples of morals include:
It is bad to steal candy (based on a value of honesty).
Helping a friend is a good thing to do (based on a value of friendship).
It is bad to skip a workout (based on a value of a healthy lifestyle).
PANGANDAMAN: Why moral is important? It is important concept that guides the behavior
and decisions of individuals in a society. It is the foundation of ethical conduct, helping us to
distinguish right from wrong. When we act in a moral way, we promote good values, such as
kindness and respect. We also act in ways that benefit everyone. This can help create a better
world for us to all.
GUBAT: Natural law is the law of god as understood by human resource.
-God gave humans reason by which they are to learn of the natural laws. God also provides
revelation concerning god's will and wishes. In the scriptures there are passages dealing with
human matters and they are interpreted to have been given as a guide for the moral life.
Divine law is law of god as expressed in revelation and such as expressed in the holy scriptures.
-Divine law is any law that, according to religious belief, comes directly from the will of God, in
contrast to man-made law. Like natural law it is independent of the will of man, who cannot
change it. However, it may be revealed or not, so it may change in human perception in time
through new revelation. Divine law is eternal law, meaning that since God is infinite, then his
law must also be infinite and eternal. In Thomas Aquinas’s Treatise on Law, divine law, as
opposed to natural law, comes only from revelation or scripture, hence biblical law, and is
necessary for human salvation. According to Aquinas, divine law must not be confused with
natural law. Divine law is mainly and mostly natural law, but it can also be positive law.
Human law is the ordinance of man which could either be legal the law of civil authority or
ecclesiastic/canon the law of church
-canon law, Latin jus canonicum, body of laws made within certain Christian churches (Roman
Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, independent churches of Eastern Christianity, and the Anglican
Communion) by lawful ecclesiastical authority for the government both of the whole church and
parts thereof and of the behavior and actions of individuals. In a wider sense the term includes
precepts of divine law, natural or positive, incorporated in the canonical collections and codes.
These are the limits to the law from ethics. The law cannot make people, honest, caring or fair
for example lying or betraying a confidence is not illegal but it is unethical while not every
healthcare profession requires adherence to a code of ethics, all require adherence to the law the
difference between (moral and law)
-The rule of law is expressed by codified legal standards. In the United States, and most other
democracies, laws spell out how we will govern ourselves. Over centuries, laws have evolved
based on commonly understood societal concepts of right and wrong. Even in the present, the
law is evolving to reflect not only our history but also current ideas of how we want to be
governed. Knowing we can depend on the law provides stability for the country and for
ourselves.
So, what is ethics? Ethics is the area of philosophical study that examines values, actions, and
choices to determine what is right and wrong. Core principles that have been foundational for
ethical behavior were established millennia ago by the great philosophers Aristotle, Plato, and
Socrates. In the fourth century B.C. they defined ethics as “the science of morals.” Ethics lays
down the principles of human behavior. For example, we can debate the principle of the greatest
good for the greatest number.
Law has e subjection to its rules and commands morality demands that men should act from a
sense of ethical duty morality has no such enforcing authority from the state it is autonomous
(coming from inner life of men). Ethics is the moral principles that govern a person’s behavior,
or the conducting of an activity. Morals are concerned with the principles of right and wrong
behavior, and the goodness or badness of human character. Law is the system of rules that a
particular country or community recognizes as regulating the actions of its members, and may
enforce by the imposition of penalties. If you are ethical, you can abide by the law. If you are
moral, you can be ethical. Also, if you are moral, you can abide by the law. But, you can never
be all three together. Morality governs private, personal interactions. Ethics governs professional
interactions. Law governs society as a whole, often dealing with interactions between total
strangers. Some people talk about their personal ethics, others talk about a set of morals, and
everyone in a society is governed by the same set of laws. If the law conflicts with our personal
values or a moral system, we have to act – but to do so, we need to be able to tell the difference
between them.
MANGONTARA: Understand law in ethics. Ethics comes from people’s awareness of what is
right and wrong. Laws are enforced by governments to their people. Ethics are moral codes that
every person must conform to laws are codifications of ethics meant to regulate society
The relationship of religion and ethics may overlap and may influence each other but they are
different and can be independent of each other. Religion is something to do with our beliefs in
the supernatural being or in a divine being, absolute in God.
SANGCOPAN: The role of religion in Ethics. This sort of spiritual education empowers every
individual to refine their character and to contribute to an ever advancing civilization. At this
level, effective personal responsibility and accountability can be built into the institutions of
society. Between the relationship of religion and ethics is about the relationship between
revelation and reason. Religion is based in some measure on the idea that God (or some deity)
reveals insights about life and its true meaning.
LUCMAN: The sentence "Do not judge, or you too will be judged" is a statement that cautions
people against being judgmental towards others. The meaning of the sentence is that if you are
quick to judge and criticize others, you should be prepared to have others judge and criticize you
in return. This statement is often associated with the Bible verse from Matthew 7:1, which says,
"Do not judge, or you too will be judged. For in the same way you judge others, you will be
judged, and with the measure you use, it will be measured to you." The verse emphasizes the
importance of treating others with kindness and compassion, and refraining from being harsh or
judgmental towards others.
The meaning of this sentence is to treat others the way you want to be treated. It is a reminder to
avoid harming or causing pain to others, as it would be hurtful if the same were done to you.
This concept is known as the "golden rule" and is a fundamental principle of many cultures and
religions. Is to treat others the way you want to be treated. It is a reminder to avoid harming or
causing pain to others, as it would be hurtful if the same were done to you. This concept is
known as the "golden rule" and is a fundamental principle of many cultures and religions.
The sentence you provided is a variation of the "Golden Rule," which is a principle of treating
others as you would want to be treated yourself. The sentence means that fulfilling one's duty in
life is to follow this principle and to refrain from doing anything to others that one would not
want others to do to oneself. In other words, it is a moral guideline that encourages people to
treat others with respect, empathy, and kindness, based on the principle of reciprocity.
MAMA: An ethics is defined as the philosophical study of morality, those who study religion get
their moral precepts from what they believe god say's should be done. Those who study religion
get their moral principles, rules, or precepts from what they believe and what god says to do.
Like examples the bible, the tora, and the qur'an, as a part of our society we all know what those
are and what does it means to us. This perspective is not at all unexpected, because all religions
apply a perspective on morality, such as the moral absolutism, moral universalism, and moral
relativism.
The role of religion in ethics is ideally serves several functions, is about the relationship between
revelation and reason. Religious is based in some measure on the idea that god or some deity
reveals insight about life and its true meaning, so it's gives meaning and purpose to life, and
these insights are collected in the bible, tora, and qur'an.

REFERENCES:
1. https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/western-mindanao-state-university/bs-
economics/political-self-understaanding-the-self/18685264
2. https://www.slideshare.net/jianvyGomez/political-slef-understanding-the-self
QUESTIONS IN OUR QUIZ!

ESSAY! 5 POINTS EACH

1. WHAT IS THE RELATION BETWEEN UNIVERSAL VALUES TO

ETHICS?

2. WHY DO YOU WE NEED TO UNDERSTAND HUMAN VALUES.

CITE AN EXAMPLE.

3. WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES OF MORAL, LAW, RELIGION IN

ETHICS?