Lecture-2
SOCI-00303 CIVICS AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
(2+0)
Books:
1. John J. Macionis, Lindaa Marie Gerber, Sociology (New York: Pearson
Education, 2010)
2. Community Development, Social Action and Social Planning by Alan
Twelvetrees 12 May 2017
3. The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (Pakistan: The
National Assembly of Pakistan,2012),also available online at the official
website of National Assembly of Pakistan:
http://na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/13333523681 951.pdf(Accessed
on April 25, 2017)
Course Learning Outcomes
Taxonomy
S. No. CLOs PLO
Level
CLO-1 Understand the significance of community engagement. C2 PLO-6
Discuss the responsibilities of individuals as an integral
CLO-2 C2 PLO-6
part of community
Course Contents
• Introduction to citizenship education and Community Engagement,
Identity, Culture, and Social Harmony, Multi-cultural society and inter-
cultural dialogue.
• Active Citizen: Locally Active, Globally Connected, Human rights,
constitutionalism and citizens' responsibilities, Social issues in
Pakistan, Social Action Project.
An introduction to education for democratic
citizenship
An introduction to education for democratic citizenship answers to the questions like:
• why teach about citizenship?
• what to teach about citizenship?
• how to teach about citizenship?
An introduction to education for democratic
citizenship
CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION
• The process of helping young people learn how to become active, informed and
responsible citizens.
• It encompasses different forms of education.
• It aims to prepare them for life as citizens of a democracy.
An introduction to education for democratic
citizenship
CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION
Democracies depend upon citizens who are:
• Aware of their rights and responsibilities as citizens.
• Informed about the social and political world.
• Concerned about the welfare of others.
An introduction to education for democratic
citizenship
CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION
Democracies depend upon citizens who are:
• Articulate in their opinions and arguments.
• Capable of having an influence on the world.
• Active in their communities.
• Responsible in how they act as citizens.
An introduction to education for democratic
citizenship
CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION
• Citizenship education is not about trying to fit everyone into the same mold creating the
model, or good citizen.
• Its aim is to empower citizens to make their own decisions and take responsibility for
their lives and the life of their communities.
An introduction to education for democratic
citizenship
THE ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION
1. Knowledge and Understanding about topics such as:
laws and rules,
the democratic process,
the media,
human rights,
An introduction to education for democratic
citizenship
THE ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION
1. Knowledge and Understanding about topics such as:
diversity,
money and the economy,
sustainable development
the world as a global community
An introduction to education for democratic
citizenship
THE ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION
1b. Knowledge and Understanding about concepts such as:
Democracy
Justice
Equality
An introduction to education for democratic
citizenship
THE ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION
1b. Knowledge and Understanding about concepts such as:
Freedom
Authority
The rule of law
An introduction to education for democratic
citizenship
THE ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION
2. Skills and Aptitudes:
• Critical thinking
• Analyzing information
• Expressing opinions
An introduction to education for democratic
citizenship
THE ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION
2. Skills and Aptitudes
• Taking part in discussions and debates
• Negotiating
• Conflict resolution
• Participating in community action
An introduction to education for democratic
citizenship
THE ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION
3. Values and Dispositions
• Respect for justice,
• Democracy and the rule of law,
• Openness,
An introduction to education for democratic
citizenship
THE ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION
3. Values and Dispositions
• Tolerance,
• Courage to defend a point of view,
• A willingness to listen to, to work with and stand up for others.
An introduction to education for democratic
citizenship
What is distinctive about Citizenship Education?
1. Distinctive content a central core of learning, factual and conceptual.
2. Distinctive focus on every issue that concerns young people as citizens, as members of
society with legal rights and responsibilities.
3. Distinctive approach it develops through active involvement young people are given
opportunities to develop their learning and to put it into practice in real life situations.
An introduction to education for democratic
citizenship
The Most Effective Form of Learning Citizenship
• Active; emphasizes learning by doing
• Interactive; uses discussion and debate
• Relevant focuses on real-life issues; facing young people and society
• Critical; encourages young people to think for themselves
• Collaborative; employs group-work and co-operative learning
• Participative; gives young people a say in their own learning
An introduction to education for democratic
citizenship
Citizenship Learning takes place in three distinct aspects of the life of the school
1. Curriculum an element in other subjects
2. Ethos and Culture through the values on which it operates and the way in which its
daily business is organized an ethos which values young people and encourages them to
take an active part in the life of the school
3. Wider Community through opportunities for involvement in the local community and
the wider world
An introduction to education for democratic
citizenship
How Different Subjects Contribute to Citizenship Education
• Well-planned and organized work within other subjects makes a distinctive and natural
contribution to citizenship learning, and helps to strengthen and enrich the citizenship
curriculum as a whole.
• It enables staff to develop citizenship within a broad framework so that students can
see its full significance for all parts of life
• It is also a way of finding curriculum time for citizenship where there is serious pressure
on the timetable
An introduction to education for democratic
citizenship
Learning and Teaching Strategies
• Learning climate; a climate that is non-threatening in which young people can
express their opinions freely and without embarrassment and use their initiative
without undue fear of failure.
• Controversial Issues; to shelter young people from controversy is to leave them
ignorant and ill-informed about the major issues of the day and ill-prepared to
deal with them.
An introduction to education for democratic
citizenship
A number of strategies to help you minimize bias:
• Making sure all sides of an argument are heard
• Presenting opposing views in a balanced way
• Not presenting evidence as if it is incontrovertible
• Challenging popular and conventional views
An introduction to education for democratic
citizenship
A number of strategies to help you minimize bias:
• Not setting yourself up as the sole authority on a subject
• Not presenting opinions as if they are facts
• Establishing a climate in which all feel able to contribute
An introduction to education for democratic
citizenship
Three general approaches to teaching controversial issues:
• Neutral; expressing no views at all, acting only as a facilitator of discussion.
• Balanced; presenting a range of views, including ones you may disagree with.
• Committed; making your own views known as a participant in the group.
An introduction to education for democratic
citizenship
Active Learning (Learning by doing):
• Learning through experiencing situations and solving problems yourself, instead of
being told the answers by someone else experiential learning.
• It is acquiring the expertise and experience needed to be actively involved in the life
of the community locally, nationally or internationally.
An introduction to education for democratic
citizenship
Active Learning (Learning by doing):
• Active learning is a cyclical process
• To be effective, young people need time to REFLECT upon what they have done and
experienced.
• They also need time to draw on what they have learned, and PLAN how they can
APPLY this in future situations
An introduction to education for democratic
citizenship
Active Learning (Learning by doing):
Discussions and debates
The sort of skills needed:
• Use social and communication skills how to speak clearly, take turns and make appropriate
eye contact
• Understand citizenship language and terminology terms such as citizen, public interest,
common good
• Make appropriate use of debating techniques; arguing a case, negotiating consensus, using
rhetoric
• Recognize that people argue from different standpoints individual interest/common good,
short term/long term, religious/secular.
An introduction to education for democratic
citizenship
Active Learning (Learning by doing):
Project Work
• It helps young people develop a range of citizenship skills.
• Research drawing up questionnaires, carrying out interviews and surveys, using
libraries, internet searches.
• Analytical interpreting evidence, using statistics, recognizing bias, summarizing
findings, making recommendations.
• Presentational writing reports, public speaking, making handouts, preparing OHPs,
PowerPoint displays.
Thank You
