1.
Explain in details HTML5
Ans:- HTML5 is the fifth major version of Hypertext Markup Language, the standard
language for creating web pages and web applications. It's designed to provide a more
comprehensive and flexible way to structure and present content on the web.
Key Features of HTML5:
1. Semantic Elements: HTML5 introduces new semantic elements that provide more
meaningful structure to your content. This improves accessibility and search engine
optimization. Examples include:
o <header>: Defines the header section of a page.
o <nav>: Defines a navigation section.
o <article>: Defines an independent article.
o <section>: Defines a section of a page.
o <aside>: Defines aside content.
2. Multimedia Support: HTML5 provides native support for audio and video elements,
eliminating the need for plugins like Flash. This makes web content more accessible and
efficient.
3. Canvas and SVG: The <canvas> element allows you to draw graphics using JavaScript,
while the <svg> element is used for vector graphics. Both offer powerful tools for
creating interactive and visually appealing content.
4. Offline Web Applications: HTML5 enables web applications to work offline, providing
a more seamless user experience. This is achieved through features like application cache
and service workers.
5. Local Storage: HTML5 provides local storage for storing data on the user's device. This
can be used to create more personalized and interactive web applications.
6. Web Workers: Web workers allow you to run JavaScript code in the background,
improving performance and responsiveness. This is particularly useful for
computationally intensive tasks.
2.Explain <audio>, <video> and <canvas> elements in HTML 5.
<audio> element:
Purpose: Used to embed audio content directly into a web page.
Attributes:
o src: Specifies the URL of the audio file.
o controls: Displays a set of playback controls (play, pause, volume, etc.).
o autoplay: Automatically starts playing the audio when the page loads.
o muted: Mutes the audio by default.
o loop: Repeats the audio after it finishes playing.
Example:
HTML
<audio controls>
<source src="music.mp3" type="audio/mpeg">
Your browser does not support the audio element.
</audio>
Use code with caution.
<video> element:
Purpose: Used to embed video content directly into a web page.
Attributes:
o src: Specifies the URL of the video file.
o controls: Displays a set of playback controls (play, pause, volume, etc.).
o autoplay: Automatically starts playing the video when the page loads.
o muted: Mutes the video by default.
o loop: Repeats the video after it finishes playing.
o width: Sets the width of the video.
o height: Sets the height of the video.
Example:
HTML
<video controls width="320" height="240">
<source src="video.mp4" type="video/mp4">
Your browser does not support the video tag.
</video>
Use code with caution.
<canvas> element:
Purpose: Provides a space on a web page where you can draw graphics using JavaScript.
Attributes:
o width: Sets the width of the canvas in pixels.
o height: Sets the height of the canvas in pixels.
Example:
HTML
<canvas id="myCanvas" width="200" height="100"></canvas>
Use code with caution.
var canvas = document.getElementById('myCanvas'); var ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
ctx.fillStyle = "red"; ctx.fillRect(0, 0, 100, 1
3. What is HTTP? Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a request-response protocol that
allows communication between a client and a server.
Ans:- You're absolutely right! HTTP is indeed the foundation of the World Wide Web,
facilitating communication between clients (like web browsers) and servers.
Let's delve deeper into how it works:
Request-Response Cycle:
1. Client Initiates Request: A client, such as a web browser, sends a request to a server,
specifying the resource it wants to access (e.g., a webpage, image, or video).
2. Server Processes Request: The server receives the request, processes it, and prepares a
response.
3. Server Sends Response: The server sends the response back to the client. This response
can contain the requested resource, along with additional information like status codes
(e.g., 200 OK, 404 Not Found) and headers.
Key Components of HTTP:
Requests: These include the method (e.g., GET, POST, PUT, DELETE), URL, headers
(containing metadata), and sometimes a body (for POST requests).
Responses: These consist of a status code (indicating the success or failure of the
request), headers (providing additional information), and a body (containing the
requested resource or an error message).
HTTP Versions:
HTTP/1.0: The original version, introduced in 1991.
HTTP/1.1: Introduced in 1997, it introduced improvements like persistent connections,
pipelining, and caching.
HTTP/2: Released in 2015, it offers significant performance enhancements through
features like multiplexing, header compression, and server push.
Examples of HTTP Requests:
GET: Used to retrieve a resource from the server.
GET /index.html HTTP/1.1
Host: example.com
POST: Used to submit data to the server, often for creating or updating resources.
POST /login HTTP/1.1
Host: example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 26
username=john&password=doe
\4. What are the HTML tags used to display a table
Ans:- HTML tags used to display a table:
1. <table>: This is the root element that defines a table.
2. <tr>: Defines a table row.
3. <th>: Defines a header cell in a table.
4. <td>: Defines a data cell in a table.
Example:
HTML
<table>
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Age</th>
<th>City</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>John Doe</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>New York</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Jane Smith</td>
<td>25</td>
<td>Los Angeles</td>
</tr>
</table>
5. What is the difference between GET and POST methods?
Ans:- GET and POST are two common HTTP methods used to send requests to a server.
They serve different purposes and have distinct characteristics:
GET Method:
Purpose: Primarily used to retrieve data from a server.
Characteristics:
o Requests are cached by browsers.
o Request parameters are visible in the URL.
o Generally considered safer for public data.
o Limited data size (typically around 2,048 characters).
Usage:
o Fetching web pages, images, or other resources.
o Searching for information.
o Reading data from a database.
POST Method:
Purpose: Primarily used to submit data to a server, often for creating or updating
resources.
Characteristics:
o Requests are not cached by browsers.
o Request parameters are sent in the request body, not in the URL.
o Generally considered more secure for sensitive data.
o Can handle larger data sizes.
Usage:
o Submitting forms (e.g., login, registration).
o Uploading files.
o Creating or updating database records.
**Key Differences:
Purpose:
o GET: Retrieve data
o POST: Submit data
Caching:
o GET: Cached
o POST: Not cached
Parameters:
o GET: Visible in URL
o POST: Sent in request body
Security:
o GET: Generally safer
o POST: More secure
Data size:
o GET: Limited
o POST: Can handle larger sizes
6. Discuss about Exception handling in Java with suitable examples
Ans:- Exceptions are like unexpected errors that can occur in your Java code. When
these errors happen, they can disrupt the normal flow of your program. To prevent
these disruptions and keep your code running smoothly, we use exception handling.
Here's a simple analogy: Imagine you're baking a cake. If you run out of eggs, it's an
exception. You can't continue baking without them. In Java, exceptions are like running
out of eggs.
How to Handle Exceptions:
1. Try-Catch Block: This is like a safety net. You put your code that might cause an
exception inside a try block. If an exception happens, it's caught in a catch block.
Java
try {
// Code that might cause an exception
int result = 10 / 0; // This will cause a division by zero error
System.out.println(result);
} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println("Error: Division by zero!");
}
Use code with caution.
2. Finally Block: This is like cleaning up after the exception. It always runs, even if there's
an exception or not.
Java
try {
// Code that might cause an exception
} catch (Exception e) {
// Handle the exception
} finally {
System.out.println("Finally block executed.");
}
Use code with caution.
Types of Exceptions:
Checked Exceptions: These are exceptions that the compiler checks for. You must
handle them or declare them.
Unchecked Exceptions: These are exceptions that the compiler doesn't check for. They
often happen due to programming mistakes.
7. Describe the data types, functions and objects used in JavaScript with an example
Ans:- JavaScript has a dynamic typing system, meaning variables can change their data
type during runtime. Here are the primitive data types in JavaScript:
Number: Represents numerical values (integers and floating-point numbers).
JavaScript
let age = 30; // Integer
let pi = 3.14159; // Floating-point number
Use code with caution.
String: Represents sequences of characters.
JavaScript
let name = "John Doe";
Use code with caution.
Boolean: Represents true or false values.
JavaScript
let isStudent = true;
Use code with caution.
null: Represents the absence of a value.
JavaScript
let myVariable = null;
Use code with caution.
undefined: Represents a variable that has been declared but not assigned a value.
JavaScript
let myOtherVariable; // undefined
Use code with caution.
Objects: Objects are collections of key-value pairs. They can hold data of any type.
JavaScript
let person = {
name: "Alice",
age: 25,
city: "New York"
};
Use code with caution.
Functions in JavaScript
Functions are blocks of code that can be reused. They can take arguments and return
values.
JavaScript
function greet(name) {
console.log("Hello, " + name + "!");
}
greet("Bob"); // Output: Hello, Bob!
Use code with caution.
Arrow Functions: A concise syntax for writing functions.
JavaScript
const greetArrow = (name) => {
console.log("Hello, " + name + "!");
};
Use code with caution.
Example:
JavaScript
function calculateArea(length, width) {
return length * width;
}
let rectangle = {
length: 5,
width: 3
};
let area = calculateArea(rectangle.length, rectangle.width);
console.log("Area:", area); // Output: Area: 15
Use code with caution.
8. Explain in detail the working of the following Internet Protocols TCP/IP and HTTP.
Ans:- TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)
TCP/IP is a suite of protocols that governs how data is transmitted across the internet. It's
like the postal system for the digital world.
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol):
Reliable: Ensures data is delivered correctly and in order.
Connection-oriented: Establishes a connection between two devices before data is
transmitted.
Flow control: Prevents one device from overwhelming the other with data.
Error checking: Detects and corrects errors in data transmission.
IP (Internet Protocol):
Best-effort delivery: Doesn't guarantee delivery or reliability.
Connectionless: Data packets are sent independently without establishing a connection.
Routing: Determines the path data packets take to reach their destination.
How they work together:
1. TCP establishes a connection: TCP creates a virtual connection between the sender and
receiver.
2. TCP breaks data into packets: Data is divided into smaller packets.
3. IP routes packets: IP addresses are assigned to each device, and IP determines the best
path for packets to reach their destination.
4. TCP reassembles packets: TCP receives the packets and reassembles them into the
original data.
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
HTTP is the protocol used for communication between web browsers and web servers.
It's like the language they speak.
Client-server model: A client (e.g., web browser) sends a request to a server (e.g., web
server).
Request-response cycle: The server processes the request and sends a response back to
the client.
Methods: HTTP defines methods like GET, POST, PUT, DELETE for different actions.
Status codes: HTTP uses status codes to indicate the success or failure of a request (e.g.,
200 OK, 404 Not Found).
Example of an HTTP request:
GET /index.html HTTP/1.1
Host: example.com
Example of an HTTP response:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/html
<html>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to my website!</h1>
</body>
</html>
9. Give the structure of HTTP request and response message.
Ans:-
Structure of HTTP Requests and Responses
HTTP Requests
An HTTP request consists of the following components:
1. Start Line:
o Method: The HTTP method used (e.g., GET, POST, PUT, DELETE).
o Request URI: The path of the resource being requested.
o HTTP Version: The version of HTTP being used (e.g., HTTP/1.1).
2. Headers:
o General Headers: Provide general information about the request (e.g., Date,
Cache-Control).
o Request Headers: Provide specific information about the request (e.g., User-
Agent, Content-Type, Content-Length).
o Entity Headers: Provide information about the entity enclosed in the request
(e.g., Content-Encoding).
3. Empty Line: A blank line separates the headers from the message body.
4. Message Body: Optional, contains the data being sent to the server.
Example of a GET request:
GET /index.html HTTP/1.1
Host: example.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36
(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/118.0.0.0
Safari/537.36
Accept:
text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/ap
ng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b1
HTTP Responses
An HTTP response consists of the following components:
1. Status Line:
o HTTP Version: The version of HTTP being used (e.g., HTTP/1.1).
o Status Code: A numeric code indicating the result of the request (e.g., 200 OK,
404 Not Found).
o Reason Phrase: A human-readable description of the status code.
2. Headers:
o General Headers: Provide general information about the response (e.g., Date,
Server).
o Response Headers: Provide specific information about the response (e.g.,
Content-Type, Content-Length, Location).
o Entity Headers: Provide information about the entity enclosed in the response
(e.g., Content-Encoding).
3. Empty Line: A blank line separates the headers from the message body.
4. Message Body: Optional, contains the data being sent to the client.
Example of a 200 OK response:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 12
Hello, world!
Sources and related content
10. List and Explain HTML elements and intrinsic attributes in detail
Ans:-
HTML Elements and Intrinsic Attributes
HTML elements are the building blocks of a web page. They define the structure and
content of the page. Each element has a specific purpose and can contain other elements
or text.
Intrinsic attributes are attributes that are directly associated with an HTML element.
They provide additional information about the element, such as its appearance, behavior,
or relationship to other elements.
Common HTML Elements
<html>: Defines the root of an HTML document.
<head>: Contains metadata about the HTML page.
<title>: Specifies the title of the page.
<body>: Contains the visible content of the HTML page.
<h1> to <h6>: Defines headings of different levels.
<p>: Defines a paragraph.
<a>: Defines a hyperlink.
<img>: Inserts an image.
<ul>: Defines an unordered list.
<ol>: Defines an ordered list.
<li>: Defines an item in a list.
<table>: Defines a table.
<tr>: Defines a table row.
<th>: Defines a table header cell.
<td>: Defines a table data cell.
<form>: Defines an HTML form for collecting user input.
<input>: Defines an input field.
<button>: Defines a button.
<label>: Defines a label for an <input> element.
<select>: Defines a list of options.
<option>: Defines an option in a <select> element.
<textarea>: Defines a multi-line text input control.
<div>: Defines a division or section in an HTML document.
<span>: Defines a generic inline container.
Intrinsic Attributes
id: Specifies a unique ID for an element.
class: Specifies one or more class names for an element.
style: Specifies an inline style for an element.
title: Specifies a tooltip for an element.
href: Specifies the URL of a hyperlink.
src: Specifies the URL of a resource (e.g., image, audio, video).
alt: Specifies an alternative text for an image or other non-text content.
target: Specifies where to open a linked document.
type: Specifies the type of an input element.
value: Specifies the value of an input element.
name: Specifies the name of an element.
checked: Specifies that a checkbox or radio button is checked.
selected: Specifies that an option in a <select> element is selected.
disabled: Specifies that an element is disabled.
Suman Educational Trust’s
Dilkap Research Institute of Engineering & Management Studies
At- Village Mamdapur, Post- Neral, Tal- Karjat, Pin:-410101.
Academic Year 2024-25
Class: TE Subject: IP
Semester: V Branch: Computer
Question Bank
2. Explain in details HTML5
3. Explain <audio>, <video> and <canvas> elements in HTML 5.
4. What is HTTP? Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a request-response protocol that
allows communication between a client and a server.
5. What are the HTML tags used to display a table
6. What is the difference between GET and POST methods?
7. Discuss about Exception handling in Java with suitable examples.
8. Describe the data types, functions and objects used in JavaScript with an example
9. Explain in detail the working of the following Internet Protocols TCP/IP and HTTP.
10. Give the structure of HTTP request and response message.
11. List and Explain HTML elements and intrinsic attributes in detail
