“A COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW OF WATERGEMS APPLICATION IN

WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS”

A REPORT OF PROBLEM ANALYSIS LAB

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE
AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF TECNOLOGY
(Civil Engineering)

SUBMITTED BY:
GURJOT SINGH
CRN-2114018
URN-2103960

SUBMITTED TO:
PROF. BALIHAR SINGH

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING,

GURU NANAK DEV ENGINEERING COLLEGE,
LUDHIANA-141106

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 CONTENTS
1. Introduction 3
1.1 Introduction to WaterGems 3
1.2 Features of WaterGems 3

2. Commands in Watergems 6
2.1 File 6
2.2 Home 6
2.3 Element/commands 6
2.4 Geometry Tools 6
2.5 Compute 7
2.6 Analysis 7
2.7 SCADA Connect 7
2.8 Tools 7
2.9 View 8
2.10 Help 8

3. Methodology 9

4. Project 13
4.1 Building a Network and Performing a Steady-State Analysis 13
4.2 Extended Period Simulation 16
4.3 Automated Fire Flow Analysis 19

5. Conclusions 22

6. References 23

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 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction to Watergems

Efficient water distribution is a cornerstone of urban planning, industrial support, and public health,
requiring robust and reliable infrastructure to meet daily demands and future growth. Hydraulic
modelling has become essential in designing, analysing, and maintaining these complex water
networks, providing engineers with the insights they need to manage water flow, pressure, quality,
and energy consumption within the system.

WaterGEMS, a comprehensive hydraulic modelling software developed by Bentley Systems, is

widely regarded as one of the most powerful tools for modelling water distribution networks. By
creating detailed simulations of real-world water systems, WaterGEMS enables engineers to assess
how different components—such as pipes, pumps, tanks, and valves—function under varying
conditions. With WaterGEMS, users can model peak and low demand scenarios, simulate
emergency situations, analyse system performance, and detect potential areas for improvement.

The software's robust features allow water utility managers and civil engineers to optimize
operations, reduce costs, and ensure reliable service to customers. Additionally, WaterGEMS
provides critical tools for planning new infrastructure, enabling decision-makers to predict the
impact of new developments and expansions on existing systems. By integrating with GIS and
CAD platforms, WaterGEMS allows for geospatial accuracy and seamless data management, which
is crucial for infrastructure projects that rely on geographic data.

Overall, WaterGEMS plays a vital role in modern water management, helping professionals make
data-driven decisions that enhance sustainability, operational efficiency, and resilience in water
distribution networks.

1.2 Features of WaterGems

Following are the key features of WaterGEMS, highlighting its capabilities and how it supports
effective water distribution system management:

1. Comprehensive Hydraulic Modelling:

WaterGEMS enables engineers to build detailed hydraulic models of water distribution networks,
including components such as pipelines, pumps, tanks, valves, and reservoirs. It simulates flow
dynamics and pressure throughout the system, giving users a clear picture of network performance.

2. Scenario Management and Analysis:

One of WaterGEMS' powerful features is its ability to create and compare multiple scenarios, which
allows users to model various operating conditions (like peak demand or pump failures). Engineers
can simulate "what-if" situations to understand how different configurations or external factors affect
the network, enabling better planning and risk management.

3. Water Quality Analysis:

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In addition to hydraulic analysis, WaterGEMS can simulate water quality throughout the distribution
network. Engineers can analyse the movement of chemicals or potential contaminants, study water
age, and ensure regulatory compliance, making it easier to maintain safe drinking water standards.

4. Demand Forecasting and Management:

WaterGEMS provides tools for estimating and modelling water demand across different sectors, from
residential to industrial. By analysing demand patterns, engineers can ensure that the system meets
both current and projected needs, supporting better resource allocation and planning.

5. Energy Cost Analysis and Pump Optimization:

WaterGEMS helps optimize pump operations by calculating energy costs, allowing utilities to
minimize expenses through efficient scheduling. The software evaluates pump efficiency and
operational schedules to find the most cost-effective setup, helping reduce energy consumption and
operational costs.

6. Fire Flow Analysis:

To ensure adequate flow and pressure for firefighting needs, WaterGEMS includes fire flow analysis
tools that allow engineers to evaluate and improve fire protection capabilities across the network.
This feature is essential for meeting safety standards and protecting communities.

7. Pressure Management and Leak Detection:

WaterGEMS can identify areas with excessive or inadequate pressure, helping engineers manage
pressure levels across the network. By detecting potential leaks or weak points, WaterGEMS supports
system longevity and reduces water loss, ultimately conserving resources and minimizing
maintenance costs.

8. Integration with GIS and CAD Platforms:

WaterGEMS integrates with ArcGIS, AutoCAD, and MicroStation, allowing engineers to work
within familiar platforms and incorporate geospatial data into the hydraulic model. This integration
streamlines data management and enhances accuracy, making WaterGEMS suitable for large-scale
infrastructure projects.

9. Extended Period Simulation (EPS):

With Extended Period Simulation, WaterGEMS models system behaviour over extended periods,
providing insights into how variables like demand patterns, pump cycling, and tank filling affect the
network over time. This feature is particularly useful for optimizing daily operations and identifying
potential issues.

10. Advanced Reporting and Visualization:

WaterGEMS offers robust reporting and visualization options, including graphs, maps, and charts, to
make complex data easier to understand. Engineers can generate detailed reports to support decision-
making and communicate results to stakeholders effectively.

11. Automated Calibration and Optimization Tools:

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The software includes automated calibration tools that help match the model to real-world data,
improving its accuracy. Optimization tools allow users to fine-tune parameters, enhancing system
performance while ensuring realistic simulation outcomes.

12. Flexible Data Input and Integration:

Users can import data from spreadsheets, databases, or SCADA systems, ensuring the model reflects
real-time conditions. WaterGEMS supports a variety of data sources, making it versatile and
adaptable to different infrastructure setups and requirements.

With these features, WaterGEMS enables engineers and utility managers to design, analyse, and
optimize water distribution systems effectively, supporting reliable and sustainable water
management practices.

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 CHAPTER 2
Commands in WaterGems

Following are the essential command categories in WaterGEMS, highlighting key tools under each
section. This guide covers typical commands and features commonly used by engineers for
creating, analyzing, and managing hydraulic models in WaterGEMS.

2.1 File:

• New: Start a new project by creating a blank model or using templates.

• Open: Open an existing WaterGEMS project file.
• Save/Save As: Save the current project, either updating the file or saving it with a new
name.
• Import/Export: Import data from GIS files, CAD drawings, spreadsheets, or databases.
Export model data for use in other applications.
• Print: Print model layouts, reports, or specific data for documentation purposes.

2.2 Home:

• Units: Set or modify the measurement units for length, flow, pressure, and other parameters
within the model.
• Scenarios: Manage different scenarios within a single project, allowing you to switch
between operating conditions (e.g., peak demand vs. average day).
• Alternatives: Define and organize alternative sets of conditions or configurations, like
different demand loads or pipe materials, to support scenario analysis.
• Pipe Split: Split a selected pipe element, which is useful when adding additional
components or connections in the network.

2.3 Element/Components:

• Junctions: Add or modify junction points where pipes connect or water demand is placed.
• Pipes: Add new pipes and configure their properties, including material, length, diameter,
and roughness.
• Pumps and Valves: Place and configure pumps and control valves to manage flow and
pressure.
• Tanks and Reservoirs: Insert storage elements such as tanks and reservoirs, defining their
capacities, elevations, and operating levels.
• Demand Nodes: Set up points in the network where water demand is applied, either for
residential, commercial, or industrial use.

2.4 Geometry Tools:

• Draw Network: Create the network by drawing pipes, junctions, and other elements in a
visual layout.
• Move: Adjust the position of network elements on the layout to refine the model’s spatial
accuracy.
• Rotate: Rotate selected components or entire sections of the network for better orientation.
• Align: Align multiple elements for consistency in layout, which is useful when working
with imported GIS data.
• Snap: Snap elements to a grid or specific coordinates for precision.
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 • Background Layers: Add background images or GIS layers, such as maps or satellite
images, to improve visual context for the network layout.

2.5 Compute:

• Compute: Run simulations on the model based on defined scenarios. This command
analyses hydraulic behaviour, including flow, pressure, and system responses under various
conditions.
• Batch Run: Run multiple scenarios or simulations in one go, allowing for comprehensive
analysis and comparison.
• Validation: Check for errors or inconsistencies in the model setup, such as disconnected
pipes or improper elevations.
• Extended Period Simulation (EPS): Run simulations over extended time periods to
observe daily or seasonal variations in flow, demand, and pressure.

2.6 Analysis:

• Hydraulic Analysis: Perform analysis to understand flow rates, pressure distribution, and
velocity across the network.
• Water Quality Analysis: Simulate water quality aspects, including age, contaminant
spread, and chemical concentrations.
• Fire Flow Analysis: Analyse available fire flows at various points in the network to ensure
compliance with fire safety requirements.
• Criticality Analysis: Identify critical components (e.g., pumps or main pipes) whose failure
would significantly impact the system.
• System Head Curves: Generate pump head curves, showing how the pump operates under
varying conditions and helping with pump optimization.

2.7 SCADA Connect:

• SCADA Integration: Connect the model to SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition) data for real-time monitoring and calibration of the hydraulic model.
• Data Synchronization: Synchronize SCADA data with the model for more accurate, data-
driven simulations and analysis.
• Alerts and Alarms: Configure alerts based on SCADA data thresholds, allowing the system
to signal issues like high or low pressures.

2.8 Tools:

• Scenario Comparison: Compare multiple scenarios to analyse the impacts of different

configurations or operational settings on system performance.
• Demand Allocation: Allocate demand automatically based on population density, land use,
or specific user input to save time and ensure accurate demand distribution.
• Skelebrator (Skeletonization): Simplify the model by removing unnecessary elements
while preserving hydraulic accuracy, making it easier to analyse large networks.
• Graphing and Reporting: Generate graphs and reports for pressure, flow, and other
parameters, which are useful for documentation and presentations.
• ModelBuilder: Use ModelBuilder to import, map, and convert data from various sources
into a WaterGEMS model, streamlining data integration.

2.9 View:
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 • Zoom/Pan: Navigate around the model layout, zooming in on specific areas for detailed
editing.
• Display Settings: Adjust the appearance of elements and background layers, making it
easier to distinguish between pipes, junctions, and other components.
• Color Coding: Apply color coding to pipes and nodes based on properties like pressure,
flow, or velocity, which helps in quickly identifying areas of interest.
• Annotation: Add notes, labels, and other annotations to the model, which aids in
documentation and presentation of key elements.

2.10 Help:

• User Manual: Access the WaterGEMS user manual and reference guides for detailed
information on commands and features.
• Tutorials: Explore built-in tutorials that guide users through basic and advanced
WaterGEMS functionalities.
• Technical Support: Access Bentley Systems’ support resources, including community
forums, FAQs, and technical assistance.
• Check for Updates: Ensure the software is up-to-date with the latest features,
improvements, and bug fixes.

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 CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY

Step 1: Define Objectives and Scope

• Objective Definition: Clearly state the purpose of the hydraulic model (e.g., design
optimization, pressure analysis, water quality study).
• Scope Determination: Identify the areas to include in the model, such as specific
neighbourhoods, industrial zones, or a large city-wide network, depending on the project's
requirements.
• Establish Modelling Parameters: Define what parameters will be analysed, like pressure
distribution, flow rates, energy consumption, or water quality.

Step 2: Data Collection

• Physical Network Data: Gather information on the existing or planned infrastructure,

including pipes, pumps, reservoirs, tanks, and valves. Key attributes include pipe length,
diameter, material, and elevation.
• Operational Data: Collect data on the operation of pumps, valves, and reservoirs, including
pump curves, control logic, and valve settings.
• Demand Data: Obtain demand data for different areas served by the network. This may be
sourced from billing data, population statistics, or demand estimation based on land use.
• Geospatial Data (GIS): Acquire GIS data, if available, to provide accurate locations and
elevations for the system components.

Step 3: Create the Model in WaterGEMS

• Network Layout: Use the drawing tools in WaterGEMS to map out the network’s layout
based on collected data. Alternatively, import GIS or CAD files if available for precise
georeferencing.
• Add Components:
o Pipes: Insert pipes and input the relevant physical attributes like length, diameter, and
material.
o Nodes/Junctions: Place junctions where pipes intersect or demand is applied.
o Pumps, Tanks, and Reservoirs: Insert these components at designated locations and
input their operational properties.
• Set Base Demand: Apply water demand values at junctions based on collected data. Demand
can be set directly at nodes or distributed according to population data or customer usage
patterns.

Step 4: Define and Configure Scenarios and Alternatives

• Create Scenarios: Set up different scenarios in WaterGEMS for various operational

conditions (e.g., average day, peak demand, emergency shutdowns).
• Develop Alternatives: Use alternatives to adjust specific conditions within scenarios, such as
varying demand patterns, pipe roughness, or pump schedules.
• Control Sets: Define operational controls for components like pumps and valves to reflect
real-world settings.

Step 5: Hydraulic and Water Quality Parameters Configuration

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 • Boundary Conditions: Set boundary conditions, such as the water levels in reservoirs or the
pressures at specific nodes.
• Elevation Data: Assign elevation data to each node based on GIS or survey data, as it affects
pressure calculations.
• Demand Patterns and Load Allocation: Set demand patterns and load allocations, ensuring
realistic demand fluctuation throughout the day or week.
• Water Quality Parameters: If analysing water quality, configure parameters for chemical
concentrations, chlorine decay, or other quality indicators.

Step 6: Model Calibration

• Validate Initial Model: Run an initial simulation to check for errors or warnings related to
network connectivity, pressures, or boundary conditions.
• Calibration Against Field Data: Compare model output with field data from SCADA
systems or other measurement sources, adjusting parameters like pipe roughness, demand
factors, or pump efficiency as needed.
• Fine-Tune Parameters: Adjust attributes (like pipe roughness coefficients or demand
distribution) to ensure the model aligns with observed real-world conditions.

Step 7: Run Simulations

• Steady-State Analysis: Run a steady-state analysis for a snapshot view of the system under
a single demand condition, helping identify initial issues.
• Extended Period Simulation (EPS): Run an EPS over a period (such as 24 hours) to observe
how pressures, flows, and tank levels fluctuate with demand variations and pump schedules.
• Scenario Comparisons: Run simulations for multiple scenarios (e.g., peak demand, drought
conditions, power outages) to evaluate system performance under varying conditions.

Step 8: Analyze Simulation Results

• Pressure and Flow Analysis: Assess pressure and flow throughout the network, identifying
areas with high or low pressures, potential bottlenecks, or areas at risk of leakage.
• Energy and Cost Analysis: Evaluate the energy consumption of pumps under different
operating scenarios, helping identify potential cost-saving opportunities.
• Fire Flow Analysis: Verify that the system provides adequate flow and pressure for
firefighting purposes at designated nodes, ensuring compliance with safety standards.
• Water Quality Analysis: If applicable, examine water quality results, like water age,
disinfectant levels, and contamination spread, to ensure safe water delivery.

Step 9: Optimization and Scenario Testing

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 • Pump Optimization: Modify pump schedules or add variable-speed pumps to improve
energy efficiency and reduce operational costs.
• Pipe Sizing and Layout Adjustments: Test different pipe diameters or layouts to improve
flow and pressure distribution, enhancing system performance.
• Pressure Management: Adjust valves and pressure zones to maintain optimal pressure across
the network, reducing risks of leaks and pipe bursts.
• System Expansion Planning: Use the model to test the impact of planned expansions or
demand growth, ensuring the network can handle future needs.

Step 10: Generate Reports and Documentation

• Detailed Reports: Generate reports on pressure, flow, energy usage, and water quality, which
are essential for record-keeping and stakeholder presentations.
• Graphs and Visualizations: Create charts and maps that display key metrics, such as pressure
distribution or demand patterns, to facilitate decision-making.
• Scenario Summaries: Summarize findings for each scenario tested, helping stakeholders
understand how different conditions affect network performance.

Step 11: Model Validation and Review

• Validation Against New Data: Once the model is optimized, validate it against any
additional field data to ensure ongoing accuracy.
• Peer Review: If possible, have the model reviewed by other experts to verify its accuracy and
reliability.
• Scenario Refinement: Refine scenarios based on feedback or updated project objectives,
ensuring all relevant conditions are addressed.

Step 12: Model Maintenance and Updates

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• Update with New Data: Regularly update the model with new operational data, system
modifications, or infrastructure expansions to maintain accuracy.
• Ongoing Calibration: Periodically recalibrate the model to reflect any changes in network
performance or operating conditions.
• Documentation for Future Use: Maintain detailed records of model assumptions, calibration
adjustments, and scenario outcomes for reference and future modelling needs.

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 CHAPTER 4

FINAL PROJECT

4.1 Building a Network and Performing a Steady-State Analysis

Layout of Area

Properties of Reservoir and Tank

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Properties of Pump and its Definitions

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Flex Tables: Pipe properties(i.e. material, length, diameter etc.)

Compute and Analyse: Calculation Summary

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4.2 Extended Period Simulation

Creating Demand patterns: Residential, commercial

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 Creating Demand Patterns: 3 Hour fire Flow

Demand Center: Adding Demand to components i.e. pipes

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EPS Analyse and Calculation Summary

User Notifications: About Tank

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4.3 Automated Fire Flow Analysis

Creating Alternatives

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Assigning properties as Automated Fire Flow Analysis

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Color Coding: Use color coding for pipe and junction to property velocity and pressure
respectively
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Final pipe system

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 CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSIONS

1. This Lab Project involved the design and analysis of various components of a water
distribution system, enhancing our skills in hydraulic modelling and system optimization
using WaterGEMS.
2. The practical, hands-on approach of the training enabled us to apply theoretical knowledge to
real-world water distribution challenges.
3. This study provided in-depth insights into the WaterGEMS software suite, broadening our
understanding of its capabilities.
4. WaterGEMS was utilized for the hydraulic modelling and analysis, and best practices and
relevant standards were consulted to ensure accuracy.
5. Overall, this experience with WaterGEMS has given me valuable practical knowledge in
water network analysis and design. The training has equipped us with the skills to confidently
address complex challenges in water distribution engineering projects.

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 CHAPTER 6
REFERENCES

CPHEEO Manual on Water Supply and Treatment – Central Public Health and Environmental
Engineering Organization, India: Standards and guidelines for the design and operation of water
distribution systems.

IS 1172 (1993): Code of Basic Requirements for Water Supply, Drainage, and Sanitation –
Indian Standard for basic design requirements in water supply systems for residential and commercial
areas.

IS 10500 (2012): Drinking Water Specification – Provides standards for drinking water quality,
essential for analysing and ensuring water quality in distribution networks.

IS 15797 (2008): Design Standards for Water Supply Distribution Systems – Specifies guidelines
for planning, design, and implementation of water supply distribution systems.

IS 17482 (2020): Guidelines for Optimized Water Distribution Networks – Indian Standard that
provides guidance on hydraulic modelling and optimization techniques for efficient water
distribution.

https://www.civilenggnotes.com/watergems-overview/ – Overview and applications of WaterGEMS

software in civil engineering, covering its use in hydraulic modelling, water distribution design, and
analysis.

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