UGONG PASIG NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

S c i e n c e , Te c h n o l o g y, E n g i n e e r i n g , a n d M a t h e m a t i c s

EXPLORING THE EFFICIENCY OF PAPER WASTE AS AN

ALTERNATIVE SOURCE FOR WHITEBOARD INK PRODUCTION

By:
Agsaoay, Sean Andrei B.

Mallorca, Keith Heaven R.

Pielago, Kenjie R.

Regala, Kyl Reinee C.

12 STEM – JAMES
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ABSTRACT

This study investigates the efficient benefit of using paper bio

charge as an alternative ink to create a non-toxic marker. This
research explores the safeness of using paper bio charge as an
alternative ink. Using paper bio charge and jobus as a pigment to
the ink, the research illustrates effective application of ink on a
whiteboard. Results indicate that this research only provides a safer
ink compared to the commercial marker used nowadays. The study
encourages more research into recycling paper waste to create non-
toxic whiteboard marker ink products, improving both environmental
and health outcomes. The findings emphasize the significance of
investigating bio charged papers in reproducing whiteboard marker
ink and promoting sustainability within the community. The study
emphasizes the importance of investigating bio charged papers for
reproducing whiteboard marker ink and promoting community
sustainability. The study encourages further research into recycling
paper waste to create non-toxic whiteboard marker ink products,
which will enhance both environmental and health outcomes.

INTRODUCTION

The researchers of this study had observed that Ugong Pasig

National High School produces a lot of paper waste from scratch
papers and other used paper related materials, specifically during
quarterly examination. The researchers have also noticed that a
significant amount of paper can be seen the school’s waste disposal
area. Due to this, the researchers will be making a product that will
be beneficial to students and teachers in classrooms, particularly
Ugong Pasig National High School. One thing that inspired the
product is the use of whiteboards in classrooms. To use it, a
whiteboard marker is used instead of chalk. Whiteboard markers are
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S c i e n c e , Te c h n o l o g y, E n g i n e e r i n g , a n d M a t h e m a t i c s
very useful in our everyday life, especially at work and in school,
during meetings and discussions. These are designed for use on a
whiteboard, especially coated boards and smooth surfaces. These
are special pens because they are erasable and leave no mark.
Researchers want to reduce paper waste production and increase its
recycling abilities by using it as a main material in producing
whiteboard marker ink. This research presents an economically
viable method for producing erasable ink from local sources,
specifically papers, while additionally contributing to sustainable
waste management.

Nineteen percent (19%) of the Philippines’ municipal solid

waste is waste paper. It is the second most produced solid waste,
next to kitchen waste (Parayno and Busmente, n.d.). Only 60% of
the 100 tons of waste paper produced annually are recycled, and
the remaining 40% go to landfills. The waste from used papers is
still valuable, yet its beneficial traits are ignored by many. The waste
from used papers is still valuable, yet its beneficial traits are ignored
by many. Waste paper is a valuable cellulose-rich substance derived
mostly from office paper, newspaper, and paper sludge that may be
recycled and returned to paper manufacture or utilized in a new life
cycle (de Oliveira et al., 2023).

According to the study conducted by Barrameda (2020), since

whiteboard markers are safer than chalk, they have gained broad
popularity. Despite its widespread use in business, notably in
academe and academe-related establishments, one common issue
that has been raised is the high cost of the material, specifically the
ink. It clearly indicates that making the ink locally but utilizing
imported synthetic components is expensive, hence a need to
change the materials used in production has developed to reduce
the overall cost of production. Furthermore, some imported
whiteboard markers include xylene and toluene, which can be
detrimental to the health of users. Burning of papers will be done,
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S c i e n c e , Te c h n o l o g y, E n g i n e e r i n g , a n d M a t h e m a t i c s
also known as combustion which produces heat through the
interaction of oxygen and other elements. When paper is burned,
oxygen from the air reacts with the carbon and hydrogen in the
paper, producing carbon dioxide and water vapor, which blow away
the carbon particulates in the smoke. inevitably, the solid ash
residue is lighter than the original paper (Watt, 2011). This carbon is
used in making inks according to the study of Lallensack (2019), the
powder that remains after burning is known as "carbon black” which
is used to create smooth, flowing black rollerball ink, and the
powder is combined with a polymer and a solvent.

In the field of sustainability and eco-friendliness, there has

been a rising interest in exploring the potential of waste products as
a source of alternative materials. In this context, the present
research investigates the feasibility of using used paper as an
alternative source for whiteboard marker ink production. This study
aims to identify the most suitable and environmentally friendly
methods and materials for producing whiteboard marker ink from
used paper. To achieve this, it is essential to take into consideration
previous literature, current practices, and recent research studies on
sustainable alternatives for marker ink production. Therefore, this
research ensures that we are not reinventing the wheel and is
motivated by our own perspective and interest in certain theories
and solutions regarding the use of waste materials for sustainable
production.

Dr. Trabold and his research team began a study in 2017 to

determine if bio charge created from waste paper could be used to
manufacture a black-ink pigment for consumer and commercial
printing with this need in mind. Conventional black ink is created
from coal blank, a fossil fuel that is not very environmentally
friendly. This prompts the linked study to carry out an experiment
involving the conversion of wasted paper into ink. As a result, the
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black ink would be more environmentally friendly, with less carbon
contributing to climate change (Trabold, 2020).

According to the research findings by Cruto (2019), charcoal

can be used as an alternative marker ink due to its good absorption,
color, and odor when tested in several writing materials. However,
more study is recommended to further improve its odor, color, and
consistency. Biochar, a solid byproduct of biomass pyrolysis, has
been created and used for thousands of years and is best known as
charcoal (when made from woody biomass). Despite the fact that
charcoal is the most common and well-known kind of biochar,
biochar can be made from any biogenic material. Pyrolysis is the
thermochemical breakdown of fuel at high temperatures without the
use of external oxygen (Quicker & Weber, 2018). The burning
residue is a light black substance made of carbon. Carbon's ability
as a binding agent material is one of its properties. As a result,
carbon adheres and suspends to any surface while remaining non-
permanent and non-preserved. As a result, it can be smudged in a
humid climate and washed off any surface. This property of carbon
is analogous to the attribute of commercialized whiteboard marker
ink that is friction-free and non-permanent on non-porous surfaces
(Barrameda, 2022).

Because dry-erase markers were designed for non-porous

surfaces, they operate well on mirrors, metals, and glass. Dry-erase
marker ink is extremely similar to permanent marker ink, and it can
stain porous surfaces just as easily if you're not careful. The ink is
composed of color pigments, a chemical solvent, and a polymer or
"release agent." The type of polymer employed differs between dry-
erase markers and permanent markers. Permanent markers contain
an acrylic polymer that aids in the adhesion of the pigment to
surfaces, whereas dry-erase markers have an oily silicone polymer.
The silicone polymer makes dry-erase marker ink slippery and keeps
the colored pigment of the marker from coming into direct contact
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with the surface. This is why dry-erase markers are so easily
removed from non-porous surfaces. In addition, the solvent in the
marker (typically alcohol) helps the ink dry quickly, allowing the ink
to adhere to the surface rather than absorb it. Because the ink is
already in place, dry ink is the easiest to remove (Claurus, n.d.).

This study investigates the effectiveness of used paper bio

charge in making whiteboard marker ink, where new theoretical
insights on how can used paper turn into a biochar will be used as
an alternative main ingredient for whiteboard marker ink production.
The study develops the conceptual framework by focusing on
biochar generated from waste paper assuming it could be utilized to
create a black-ink pigment for consumer and commercial printing.
Showing the efficacy and quality of used paper biochar whiteboard
marker, a new product for teachers and students will be used, which
can contribute to the environment and can be the practical solution.
As a result, this study and initiative not only benefit the environment
but also the economy.

The significance of this study is that, through manufacturing

whiteboard marker ink using used papers, the 3 Rs—reduce, reuse,
and recycle—can be promoted. The researchers would also be able
to promote the significance of making use of waste products in
finding alternatives, especially nowadays when the need to save
money due to inflation of products is crucial. Additionally, this study
about producing an alternative ink for whiteboard markers will help
readers and fellow researchers be aware of the feasibility of used
paper. In this study, it is expected that the results will greatly affect
the following:

Nowadays, most schools have switched from using blackboard

and chalk to innovative whiteboards and erasable markers. The
reason for this is that, despite being more expensive, whiteboards
are favorable because of their high quality and the fact that the
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writing can be easily erased. The production of cheaper whiteboard
marker ink will therefore mitigate the financial strain on the
students.

The production of less expensive whiteboard marker ink will

be beneficial to teachers, as it is a tool that they commonly use to
write when they are teaching. Aside from reducing their expenses,
having a product that is made from waste can help them promote to
their students the proper waste management practices, such as
reuse, reduce, and recycle.

Being exposed to various wastes poses a threat to one’s

health. Thus, making use of wastes such as used papers and
transforming them into new products will reduce the waste that is
collected by garbage collectors. Making this move can have a
significant impact on people, such that it will give them the idea
that waste can be converted into something useful, therefore slowly
reducing waste production and the health risks faced by the
personnel who collect it.

The result of this study will lead the way for future researchers
to deepen and expand their studies on paper as the primary
material used to make whiteboard marker ink. Obviously, there is
still room for improvement and potential for this. Future researchers
may have ideas to improve and upgrade the study's pre-existing
output, possibly improving its efficiency.

The study will be limited to formulating the whiteboard marker

ink only. The researchers will not produce the marker’s casing that
will contain the ink; hence the casing will be purchased through
online websites. This study will be conducted at Ugong Pasig
National High School, Pasig City from 2023 to 2024. The gathering of
used papers will come from Ugong Pasig National High School's
waste sites and classrooms.
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Objectives

The study aims to reduce paper waste production and

increase its recycling abilities by using it as a main material in
producing whiteboard marker ink. Specifically, the study aims to:

• To manufacture whiteboard marker ink from the used papers in

Ugong Pasig National High School and minimize the use of fossil fuels in
the production of whiteboard markers.

• To make use of the generated used paper waste in Ugong

Pasig National High School

• To expand paper waste's recyclability’s and use it as the main

material in producing the whiteboard marker ink.

Statement of the Problem

The main problem of the study is the feasibility of producing

whiteboard marker ink from used papers. Specifically, it aims to
answer the following research questions:

1. What is the standard ratio of materials needed to make the most

effective paper-waste based whiteboard marker ink?

2. How effective is the paper waste-based whiteboard ink marker

compared to commercial products in terms of chemical composition,
visibility, viscosity, writability, and erasability?

3. How safe is the paper waste-based whiteboard ink compared to

other commercial marker?

Hypotheses

The hypotheses of the study are the following;

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S c i e n c e , Te c h n o l o g y, E n g i n e e r i n g , a n d M a t h e m a t i c s
Null Hypothesis

1 . H 0: There are no significant differences between the chemical

substance found in commercial whiteboard markers to the paper-
waste whiteboard markers.

Alternative Hypothesis

1. H 1: There is significant difference between the chemical

substances found in commercial whiteboard markers to the
paper-waste whiteboard markers.

Data Analysis

(Frequency and percentage formula)

Definition of Terms

Cellulose-Rich - An organic substance called cellulose is derived

from wood pulp. Paper and paperboard production is its main use. A
form of cellulose with micro-scaled fibers is called micro cellulose, or
microcrystalline cellulose.

Xylene - A sweet-scented white liquid is used in the production of

glues, chemical cleaners, degreasers, paint strippers, insecticides,
and other chemicals, along with colors and inks.

Toluene - Another chemical that was commonly found in paint

thinners, glues, and marker pens.

Thermochemical - Thermochemistry, or thermochemical breakdown,

is a process where water undergoes a transformation into oxygen
and hydrogen at extremely high temperatures.

Non-porous surfaces - Nonporous surfaces (HN) are rigid and without

pores. Neither liquid nor air can pass through it.
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Inevitably -In a way that is unavoidable or can't be escaped, and as
it will unavoidably occur.

Brainstorming - A collaborative problem-solving strategy that

involves every member of the group sharing ideas randomly.

METHODOLOGY

The research design that will be used in this study is an

experimental research design, as the researchers will determine if
the biochar derived from paper wastes can be used as an
alternative for whiteboard marker ink production. This study
includes the experimental variables, namely the ink derived from
paper waste biochar as the independent variable and the efficacy of
the ink as the dependent variable. The study has an experimental
group containing the 4 replicates of ink containing different ratios of
ingredients, and a controlled group is also present, which will be a
selected brand of commercial whiteboard marker to be compared
with the whiteboard marker ink formulated by the researchers.

In making the experiment, the researcher will be using

different kinds of equipment. The researcher will use mostly
laboratory equipment and chemical materials. The researcher will
use this equipment and materials to make the experiment
achievable.
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Chemical Materials

The chemical materials that the researcher will use are distilled
water, resin (silicon polymer), alcohol (ethanol), and propylene
glycol.

This research study aims to utilize paper waste to formulate

erasable marker inks. For this study to be conducted, the
researchers will employ the following methodology to manufacture
the desired product:

First, gathering of materials: Paper waste of any kind, as the

main ingredient of the study, will be collected from Ugong Pasig
National High School by the researchers. The rest of the materials
required will be purchased through online websites.

Second, the collected paper waste will be torn up into smaller

pieces to increase the surface area in order to maximize the
combustion of paper.

Third, the prepared papers will then be processed through

pyrolysis to produce biochar that will be used as the ink’s main
component. After that, the biochar will be turned into powdered
form.

Fourth, the bio charge will be collected and placed in a safe

sealed container.

Fifth, 4 replicates will be prepared with the following ratio of

components:
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Typically encountered chemicals are:
 Paper bio charge (used paper)
 Polydimethylsiloxane
 Alcohol (Ethanol)
 Distilled water
 Propylene glycol

According to the table, the standard commercial whiteboard

marker lacks the chemical that the researchers are using.
Primarily, (xylene) is a synthetic substance made from coal tar
and petroleum. In the printing, rubber, and leather industries, it
serves as a solvent. Among the things that can expose you to
xylene are rust inhibitors, paint, varnish, shellac, gasoline, and
cigarette smoke. Breathing in the fumes of these kinds of items can
lead to xylene exposure.
(Methyl isobutyl ketone), a harmful chemical that can irritate the
eyes and nose. Cause feelings of weakness, headaches, nausea,
vomiting, dizziness, and coordination problems through short-term
use.

Sixth, the measured materials in each replicate are mixed

together using a beaker and glass stir rod.
Then, the solution from the beaker is then poured into a marker
tube labelled “Ink 1” and “Ink 2” to indicate which contains a
specified measure of the components.
Lastly, the solution will now be funnelled into the marker casing,
ready for testing.
The researchers will employ ANOVA as a statistical tool to be
used in this study. ANOVA is used to test the significant difference
across two or more groups. This statistical tool will allow the
researchers to analyze the 4 experimental groups of whiteboard
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S c i e n c e , Te c h n o l o g y, E n g i n e e r i n g , a n d M a t h e m a t i c s
marker ink to identify what is the standard ratio of materials will
produce the most viable whiteboard marker ink.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Paper Polydimeth Ethanol Distilled Propylen

Bio (mL)
charge y Water e
(g) (mL)
Lsiloxane Glycol
(mL) (mL)
Experi Trial 20 5.5 35 45 3.5
1
mental
Group
Trial 20 5.5 45 35 3.5
2
Trial 20 30 10 15
3
With Trial 20 15 10 0 20
jobus 4
With ac Trial 20 15 10 0 20
5
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With ac Trial 10 15 30 0 25
6
With ac Trial 10 5 40 0 20
7
Trial 10 0 20 0 5
8
With ac Trial 10 0 10 0 10
9
With Trial 10 0 20 0 10
glycerin 10
e and
foodcol
or
With Trial 10 0 20 0 10
glycerin 11
e

NO. TUBE 1 WRITABIL ERASABILITY VISCOSITY

ITY
TRIAL 4 The overall The The marker ink’s The viscosity
performanc visibility of erasability is of the solution
e of the the exceptional is
marker is marker’s since it not only considerably
below ink is mild can be erased watery
average, and can't but also does because the
not only is be seen in not leave any researchers
the a distance. residue on the used a small
marker’s board when amount of
ink barely erased. silicon oil,
visible which makes
when the solution
applied but viscous.
the
viscosity of
the solution
is
considerabl
y watery
that is very
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different to
other ink’s
TRIAL 2 The overall The The marker’s ink The viscosity
performanc visibility of has the ability to of the solution
e of the the be erased but is watery
marker is marker’s leaves residue because the
ink is less on the board researcher’s
visible after being sifted the
than trial erased. solution.
one (not
sifted).
TRIAL 3 The The The erasability The viscosity
market’s visibility of of the marker’s of the solution
overall the ink is average, is more fluid
performanc solution the marker’s ink because of
e is notable, when used has the ability to the increase
the only as a be erased but it in silicon oil.
difficulty marker leaves residue
the improved to the board
researchers compared when erased.
had is the to trial 1
writability and trial 2.
of the The
marker. marker is
starting to
be more
visible
because of
the
increase in
amount of
silicon oil.
TRIAL 4 The The erasability The viscosity
visibility of of the marker’s of the solution
the ink is is a bit watery
marker’s exceptional for but not that
ink when the reason that watery
changed it doesn't only compared to
to color have the ability trial 3.
livid to be erased but
(because it also doesn't
the leave any
researcher residue to the
's used board when
jobus) can erased.
be seen
even at a
distance.
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TRIAL 5 The The erasability The viscosity
visibility of of the marker’s of the solution
the ink is the best is more
marker’s outcome the viscous
ink has researchers had compared to
improved produced trial 4 that is
drastically compared to more watery
and can be previous trials. and less
seen even The ink doesn’t tinted. Due to
from far spread when the abundant
away. erased and use of silicon
doesn’t leave oil, the
any stains that researchers
commercial noticed that
marker the solution is
produces. settling down
more slowly.
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NO. TUBE 2 WRITABILITY ERASABILITY VISCOSITY
TRIAL 6 Due to the The erasability
marker's tip of the marker’s
not being ink is poor.
able to Due to the
absorb the inability of the
ink or tip of the
solution, it marker to be
lacks the unable to
capacity and absorb the
ability to be solution or the
able to be ink, it only
written on a produces
whiteboard. watery and
slightly tinted
ink that only
leaves small
number of
stains.
TRIAL 7 The When the
writability of marker’s ink
the marker’s is erased, it
ink is the leaves small
same as trial number of
7. Due to the stains that is
tip’s inability lesser than
to absorb the what
ink, it didn’t commercial
produce any marker
decent result. produces.

Discussion # 1: Tube 1 Trial 4 yun ang most effective na

marker.
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WRITABILITY ERASABILITY VISCOSITY
TRIAL 4 The visibility The The viscosity
(TUBE 1) of the erasability of of the
marker’s ink the marker’s solution is a
when changed ink is bit watery
to color livid exceptional but not that
(because the for the reason watery.
researcher's that it doesn't
used jobus) only have the
can be seen ability to be
even at a erased but it
distance. also doesn't
leave any
residue to the
board when
erased.
COMMERCI The visibility The The viscosity
AL of the marker erasability of of the
MARKER is more the marker is solution is a
noticeable easier to bit watery
than the remove but not that
researcher’s because of watery,
marker (trial same as the
the presence
4). It also researcher’s
of one
adds a vibrant marker.
color because component
of the (Polymer
components binders).
that they use
in making it.

According to the table, the researcher’s marker (trial 4 with

jobus) shows an average level of visibility due to its livid color,
which remains noticeable even from a distance, possibly enhanced
by jobus used by the researcher.

However, the commercial marker shows better visibility, due

to its bright color, which could be the result of added pigments or
dyes that enhance brightness and saturation.

This difference shows that while the researcher’s marker is

effective enough in providing basic visibility, commercial markers
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are designed with added colorants to stand out more clearly, which
may attract to consumers.

The Trial 4 with Jobus shows good visibility due to its color
changing to “livid,” which makes the text visible even from a
distance. This color shift could be intended to enhance readability,
giving it an advantage in certain lighting or at a distance. The
commercial marker, however, is shows to be more noticeable
overall. This is due to the vibrant color that commercial markers
typically have, achieved through the use of high-quality pigments or
dyes. These vibrant colors help it stand out, making it more
attractable than the researcher’s marker from Trial 4 With Jobus
While both markers are visible on the board, the commercial
marker’s vibrant color is generally more noticeable. However, the
custom marker has a unique characteristic with its color change to
“livid,” which also supports good readability.

The Trial 4 with Jobus has excellent erasability. It not only

erases easily but it leaves a residue on the board. This quality of the
marker could be beneficial in settings where the marker is used
frequently, as it keeps the board clean. The commercial marker is
also easy to erase, primarily due to the polymer binder in its
formulation. This polymer helps in easy removal, possibly by
forming a thin film that can be wiped away.

The Trial 4 With Jobus solution is described as “a bit watery

but not that watery.” This shows that it has a balanced viscosity,
allowing for smooth writing without being too runny. The commercial
marker has a similar description in terms of viscosity, also being “a
bit watery but not that watery.” This consistency suggests that it is
also formulated to provide a good balance between smooth ink flow
and controlled application. Both markers have a similar viscosity,
ensuring that neither is too thick nor too runny. This balanced
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consistency is beneficial for smooth writing without risking
excessive dripping or pooling of ink.

In conclusion, the commercial marker excels in visibility with

its vibrant color, while the Trial 4 custom marker has the unique
feature of changing to “livid” for enhanced readability. For
erasability, the Trial 4 With Jobus marker stands out by leaving no
residue after erasing, while the commercial marker’s polymer binder
aids in easy removal. Both markers perform similarly in viscosity,
providing a balanced ink flow that avoids being overly watery.

PRODUCT SAFETY MEASURES

Biocharge Contact with skin: Rinse or wash the
(used paper) afflicted area thoroughly with soap and water.
If skin irritation or rash develops, seek for a
medical attention.
Contact with eyes: If the bio charged paper
has gotten into the eyes, immediately wash
away with plenty of water for at least 5-10
minutes till it gets better, but if you feel any
irritation while lifting the eyelids, seek
medical help if needed.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water (do not
swallow). Never force an unconscious
individual to vomit or drink fluids. If medical
advice is required, have the product bottle or
label on
available.
Inhalation: In the case of taking, it
accidentally, relocate the victim to fresh air
and keep them seated.
Eyes: If in eyes, rinse carefully with water for
several minutes. Remove contact lenses if
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present and simple to do. Continue rinsing.
polydimethylsiloxa Skin protection: Handle with gloves. Gloves
ne must be inspected prior to use. Use proper
glove removal technique (without
touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin
contact with this product. Dispose of
contaminated gloves after
use in accordance with applicable laws and
good laboratory practices. Wash and dry
hands.
Body Protection: impervious clothing, the
type of protective equipment must be
selected according to the concentration and
amount of the dangerous substance at the
specific workplace.
Respiratory protection: Respiratory
protection not required. For nuisance
exposures use type OV/AG (US) or type ABEK
(EU EN
14387) respirator cartridges. Use respirators
and components tested and approved under
appropriate government standards such as
NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure: No
special environmental precautions required.
Alcohol Inhalation: Remove from exposure, lie down.
(Ethanol) If breathing has stopped, give artificial
respiration. Get medical attention
immediately. If breathing is difficult,
administer oxygen. If symptoms
persist, call a physician
Eye Contact: Rinse immediately with plenty
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of water, also under the eyelids, for at least
15 minutes. Keep eye wide open while
rinsing. Do not rub affected area.
Skin Contact: Wash off immediately with
soap and plenty of water while removing all
contaminated.
Ingestion: Aspiration hazard if swallowed –
Can enter lungs and cause damage.
Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs
spontaneously, keep head below hips to
prevent aspiration. Never give anything by
mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical
attention immediately if symptoms occur.

Propylene glycol Eye Contact: Rinse immediately with plenty

of water, also under the eyelids, for at least
15 minutes. If symptoms persist, call a
physician.
Skin Contact: Wash off immediately with
plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Get
medical attention if symptoms occur.
Inhalation: Move to fresh air. Get medical
attention immediately if symptoms occur. If
not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Get
medical attention immediately if symptoms
occur
Most important symptoms/effects:
Breathing difficulties. Symptoms of
overexposure may be headache, dizziness,
tiredness,
nausea and vomiting
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Glycerine Inhalation: Remove the victim into fresh air.
If signs/symptoms continue, get medical
attention. Give oxygen or artificial respiration
as needed.
Contact with skin: Wash immediately with
lots of water (15 minutes)/shower. Soap may
be used. Remove clothing before washing.
Contact with eye contact: Rinse
immediately with plenty of water for 15
minutes. Take victim to an ophthalmologist if
irritation persists.
Ingestion: DO NOT induce vomiting. If
vomiting does occur, have victim lean forward
to prevent aspiration. Rinse mouth with water.
Seek medical attention. Never give anything
by mouth to an unconscious individual.
Ingestion of large quantities: immediately to
hospital.
Jobus Contact with skin: Rinse or wash the
afflicted area thoroughly with soap and water.
If skin irritation or rash develops, seek for a
medical attention.
Contact with eyes: If the bio charged paper
has gotten into the eyes, immediately wash
away with plenty of water for at least 5-10
minutes till it gets better, but if you feel any
irritation while lifting the eyelids, seek
medical help if needed.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water (do not
swallow). Never force an unconscious
individual to vomit or drink fluids. If medical
advice is required, have the product bottle or
label on available.
Inhalation: In the case of taking, it
accidentally, relocate the victim to fresh air
and keep them seated.
Eyes: IF IN EYES, rinse carefully with water for
several minutes. Remove contact lenses if
present and simple to do. Continue rinsing.
 UGONG PASIG NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
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S c i e n c e , Te c h n o l o g y, E n g i n e e r i n g , a n d M a t h e m a t i c s

Add table of MSDS commercial marker (HBW)

Discussion # 3:
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 UGONG PASIG NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
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S c i e n c e , Te c h n o l o g y, E n g i n e e r i n g , a n d M a t h e m a t i c s

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Cruz, V. (2014) Feasibility of Charcoal and Used Engine Oil as an

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