According to Watson (1997), the core of the Theory of

Caring is that “humans cannot be treated as objects

and that humans cannot be separated from self, other,
nature, and the larger workforce.”
• Born on June 10, 1940 in Welch, West Virginia

• She is an American nurse theorist recognized

for her work on Transpersonal Caring.

• Holds degrees in nursing, psychiatric nursing,

and educational psychology from the
University of Colorado.
• Nursing: The Philosophy and Science of Caring (1979)
• Nursing: Human Science and Human Care: A Theory of Nursing (1996)
• Watson’s Theory of Transpersonal Caring (1996)
• The Theory of Human Caring: Retrospective and Prospective (1997)
• Postmodern Nursing and Beyond (1999)
• Jean Watson: Theory of Human Caring
• (2001) Caring Science as Sacred Science (2005)
• Watson published multiple books on her theory- Nursing: The
Philosophy and Science of Caring (1979)
• Nursing: Human Science and Human Care: A Theory of Nursing (1996)
• Watson’s Theory of Transpersonal Caring (1996)
• The Theory of Human Caring: Retrospective and Prospective (1997)
• Postmodern Nursing and Beyond (1999)
• Jean Watson: Theory of Human Caring (2001) Caring Science as
Sacred Science (2005)
• Carative Factors/Caritas Processes

• Transpersonal Caring Relationship

• Caring Moment/Caring Occasion

• Watson’s theory is based on the belief that caring is the core of
nursing practice.
• It emphasizes the importance of the nurse-patient relationship,
recognizing the patient as a whole person with physical, emotional,
spiritual, and social needs.
• The theory is grounded in 10 carative factors, which guide nurses in
providing compassionate and holistic care.
• Developed in 1979 and revised in 1985 and 1988
• Guide the core of nursing
• Carative vs. Curative
• One of the few theories that addresses the care
receiver and the care giver
 Carative Factors Caritas Process

“Practice of loving-kindness and

1. “The formation of a humanistic-
equanimity within the context of
altruistic system of values.”
caring consciousness.”

“Being authentically present and

enabling and sustaining the deep
2. “The instillation of faith-hope.” belief system and subjective life-
world of self and one being cared
for.”

“Cultivation of one’s own spiritual

3. “The cultivation of sensitivity to
practices and transpersonal self
one’s self and others.”
going beyond the ego-self.”
4. “Development of a helping-trust
relationship” became “development of a “Developing and sustaining a helping
helping-trusting, human caring relation” trusting, authentic caring relationship.”
(in 2004 Watson website)

“Being present to, and supportive of, the

5. “The promotion and acceptance of the
expression of positive and negative feelings
expression of positive and negative
as a connection with deeper spirit and self
feelings.”
and the one-being-cared for.”

6. “The systematic use of the scientific

“Creative use of self and all ways of
problem-solving method for decision
knowing as part of the caring process; to
making” became “systematic use of a
engage in the artistry of caring-healing
creative problem solving caring process”
practices.”
(in 2004 Watson website)
 “Engaging in genuine teaching-
learning experience that attends to the
7. “The promotion of transpersonal
unity of being and meaning,
teaching-learning.”
attempting to stay within others’ frame
of reference.”

8. “The provision of the supportive, “Creating healing environment at all levels

(physical as well as the nonphysical, subtle
protective, and (or) corrective mental,
environment of energy and consciousness,
physical, societal, and spiritual
whereby wholeness, beauty, comfort,
environment.” dignity, and peace are potentiated)”

“Assisting with basic needs, with an intentional

caring consciousness, administering ‘human
9. “The assistance with the
care essentials,’ which potentiate alignment of
gratification of human needs.” mind-body-spirit, wholeness, and unity of
being in all aspects of care.”
10. “The allowance for existential- “Opening and attending to spiritual-
phenomenological forces” became mysterious and existential
“allowance for existential- dimensions of one’s own life-death;
phenomenological spiritual forces” soul care for self and the one-being-
(in 2004 Watson website) cared for”
• Transpersonal describes an intersubjective,
human to human relationship that
encompasses two individuals, both the nurse
and the patient in a given moment.
• Describes how the nurse goes beyond the
objective assessment to show concern toward the
person’s subjective/deeper meaning of their
healthcare situation.
• Involves mutuality between the two individuals
involved.
Involves an action and choice by both the nurse
and the other person in which they come
together within the moment and in the
relationship. Each feels a connection with the
other at the spirit level. It transcends space
and time.
• The theory is about understanding and incorporating the
human aspects of caring into nursing practice.

• It emphasizes the importance of the nurse-patient

relationship and the impact of caring on healing and well-
being.
- Watson’s theory has revolutionized nursing practice, shifting
the focus from task-oriented care to patient-centered care.
- It has led to increased emphasis on communication,
relationship-building, and holistic care.
- Nurses who embrace Watson’s principles are more
likely to provide compassionate, empathetic, and
patient-centered care.
“A nurse is caring for a terminally ill patient who is experiencing
severe anxiety about their condition. By applying Watson's
Theory of Human Caring, the nurse focuses on building a
trusting relationship with the patient, providing emotional
support, and addressing their spiritual needs. The nurse
spends time listening to the patient's fears and
concerns, offers comforting words, and helps the
patient find meaning and peace in their situation.
This holistic approach helps reduce the patient's
anxiety and improves their overall well-being”.
Watson's theory has significantly influenced nursing education,
practice, and research. It encourages nurses to see beyond the
physical needs of patients and to address their emotional,
spiritual, and psychological needs as well. This holistic
approach can lead to better patient outcomes and
greater job satisfaction for nurses.
It can be conclude that Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring helps
nurses to develop caring behaviors, reminding them the act of caring
is an extremely important part in the healing process.

The theory has many strong elements and qualities such as the ability
to transcend the ever-evolving dynamics of human phenomena. The
relationship between patient and nurse can intense and must be
respected because holds the key to creating a cosmic experience.

Watson emphasizes that as humans, we must take care of ourselves

in order to take care of others.
1. What is the central belief of Watson’s Theory of Human Caring?
2. According to Watson, what kind of needs does a patient have?
3. What are the guiding principles of Watson’s theory?
4. How does Watson’s theory encourage nurses to view patients?
5. What is one way Watson’s theory has changed nursing
practice?
GROUP 2
• SHANA RHAYA Q. GELSANO
• SHAIRA PEARL SAVANDAL
• SAMANTH GIJAN
• LESLIE MINA