good day
class!
CARIG INTEGRATED SHCOOL
GRADE 11 - AGILITY
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, students
should be able to:
a) define the different kinds of
logical fallacy;
b) Recognize the importance of
eliminating fallacies in presenting
claims/arguments .; and
c) present reasonable arguments
and factual evidences to defend a
stand.
A
C
T
I
V
RIDDLES
I
T
Y
M
E 1. Students will be given ANALYZE
riddles for them to
C answer.
H
A 2. Students will state
N their reasons as to how
I they arrived to their
C answer
S
SCENARIO:
You are trapped
inside an abandoned
house. There are only
four unlocked doors that
you can use to get out.
The problem is what’s
behind those doors?
First door- a tank holding a
hungry shark.
Second door- room filled
with poisonous gas.
Third door- a well full of
water
Fourth door- you will face
a serial killer with a
chainsaw who has been
killing people since 1918
and has already
murdered more than 100
people.
ANSWER:
Door number 4. Although
the killer sounds brutal, he
would be way more than
100 years old, and most
likely already dead, or
at least too old to
use the chainsaw.
SCENARIO
You want to enter a private club but the entry requires a
password you don’t know. So, you wait nearby and
listen to the all conversations happening around.
As a club member comes to the door, the security officer
says, “Twelve”. She replies, “Six” and gets in. Another
member comes to the door.
The security officer says, “Six” and the
man replies, “Three” and gets in.
You think you have understood the pattern and decided to
walk up to the door. The security officer says, “Ten”.
What’s the password?
ANSWER:
Three. You’re supposed to say the number of letters in the
word told to you by the security guard.
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
“Which would you
follow, the decision
that your mind is
saying or the
choice that your
heart is dictating?”
Logical
Fallacies
Argument and
Reasoning
Today We Will:
Learn about the concept of
a logical fallacy
Learn about common
logical fallacies
Attempt to identify logical
fallacies
Logical Fallacy
An argument that may seem
strong, but is proven wrong with
reasoning and further
examination
Often meant to confuse or
mislead.
Examples of
Logical Fallacies:
Ad Hominem
Straw Man
Slippery Slope
Red Herring
Hasty Generalization
Ad Populum
Ad Hominem
Attacking the person making You're too
young to
the argument, rather than understand the I'm 30 years old,
addressing the argument issues! and you didn't
even address my
the person is making argument
Straw Man
Intentionally misrepresenting Not all of our
money! I just said I
want a small
the other side's argument to We can't spend increase in the
marketing budget.
all of our money
make it easier to defeat on marketing!
instead of addressing the
other side's actual argument
If I don't study for
my test, I'll fail
chemistry, get a
Slippery Slope low GPA, and I'll
never get into
The argument that one event college!
will lead to a series of events
and eventually will lead to
something very bad
I
D
E
Let's see
N if we can
T
I
identify some
F logical fallacies
Y
I "If we lower the voting
D age to 16, then next
E thing you know kids That's not an
argument, that is:
N who are 14 will want to
A. Ad Hominem
T vote. Pretty soon we
I will have people who B. Straw Man
F are 10 years old C. Slippery Slope
Y voting!"
I "If we lower the voting
D age to 16, then next
E thing you know kids That's not an
argument, that is:
N who are 14 will want to
A. Ad Hominem
T vote. Pretty soon we
I will have people who B. Straw Man
F are 10 years old C. Slippery Slope
Y voting!"
I "Self-driving
cars should be
D supported
because they That's not an
E will help create
safer roads." argument, that is:
N A. Ad Hominem
"You value
T technology over
B. Straw Man
people supporting
I their families! C. Slippery Slope
F That's a terrible
position to have on
Y the topic!"
I "Self-driving
cars should be
D supported
because they That's not an
E will help create
safer roads." argument, that is:
N A. Ad Hominem
"You value
T technology over
B. Straw Man
people supporting
I their families! C. Slippery Slope
F That's a terrible
position to have on
Y the topic!"
I
D Why would I listen to
E your thoughts on That's not an
prison reform? I know argument, that is:
N who you voted for last A. Ad Hominem
T election. I think you B. Straw Man
I have terrible
F C. Slippery Slope
judgement!
Y
I
D Why would I listen to
E your thoughts on That's not an
prison reform? I know argument, that is:
N who you voted for last A. Ad Hominem
T election. I think you B. Straw Man
I have terrible
F C. Slippery Slope
judgement!
Y
Let's learn a
few more
logical fallacies
Red Herring
I know you want
Distracting from the the company to
raise wages
because of our
real issue with an increased profits. We
em curren
irrelevant point or plo
yee tly of
ben s g fer
efit reat
s!
piece of information
Hasty My friend took a
philosophy class and said
Generalization it was so challenging. All
philosophy classes must
Making a claim or be hard. I'm never taking
one!
drawing a conclusion
without having
enough information
Ad Populum
The argument that All these people
agree with me.
because something is I'm definitely
right!
popular it is good or
the truth
I
D Let's see if we can
E
N identify some
T
I more
F
Y logical fallacies
I Good morning, officer. I
D know you pulled me over
E That's not an
for speeding, but don't you argument, that is:
N think there are bigger A. Red Herring
T crimes going on right
I B. Hasty Generalization
now? You shouldn't give
F C. Ad Populum
me a ticket.
Y
I
D Good morning, officer. I know
E you pulled me over for That's not an
argument, that is:
N speeding, but don't you think
A. Red Herring
T there are bigger crimes going
I on right now? You shouldn't B. Hasty Generalization
F give me a ticket. C. Ad Populum
Y
I
D The iPhone is the best
E That's not an
Smartphone because argument, that is:
N
it is the most popular A. Red Herring
T
I Smartphone in the B. Hasty Generalization
F United States. C. Ad Populum
Y
I
D The iPhone is the best
E That's not an
Smartphone because argument, that is:
N
it is the most popular A. Red Herring
T
I Smartphone in the B. Hasty Generalization
F United States. C. Ad Populum
Y
I
D I once met someone
E That's not an
with that major. She argument, that is:
N
was so nice! I bet A. Red Herring
T
I everyone who studies B. Hasty Generalization
F that is nice too. C. Ad Populum
Y
I
D I once met someone
E That's not an
with that major. She argument, that is:
N
was so nice! I bet A. Red Herring
T
I everyone who studies B. Hasty Generalization
F that is nice too. C. Ad Populum
Y
Understanding logical
fallacies will allow you to
avoid them while making
arguments. You will also be
equipped to call out logical
fallacies when you hear them.
“ My son, do not let
wisdom and understanding
out of your sight, preserve
sound judgment and
discretion.”
PROVERBS: 3:21
EXPLANATION
The proverb is like saying, "Hey, don't
forget to use your brain wisely and think
carefully!" This connects to avoiding
mistakes in thinking, which can help us make
better decisions. So, it's like reminding us to
be smart and think things through!
ACTIVITY
TIME!
DIRECTION:
Complete the table.
Point-out the claims and
identify the type of fallacy
used in the advertisement
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Marian Rivera.
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QUIZ
TIME!
DIRECTION:
Read the statement
below. If it is true, draw
If it is false, write T if
the statement is True, F
if otherwise.
1. Logical fallacies are errors in reasoning that invalidates an
argument.
2. Ad Hominem: Attack the person, not the argument.
3. Straw Man: Distort the argument to knock it down.
4. Slippery Slope: One small step leads to disaster.
5. Red Herring: Throw in something unrelated to mislead.
6. Hasty Generalization: Jump to a big conclusion too quickly.
7. Ad Populum: Say it's true because everyone believes it
Identify the logical fallacy being presented in the following example:
1. "You shouldn't listen to Sally's argument because she's not very
smart."
2. "If we ban sugary drinks, next thing you know, they'll ban all our
favorite foods!"
3. "We shouldn't trust what Professor Smith says about climate change
because he drives a gas-guzzling SUV.
4. "We can't possibly allow stricter gun control laws. What's next?
Banning kitchen knives?"
5. "I met three people from Texas, and they were all rude. Therefore,
all people from Texas must be rude."
6. "Everyone knows that smoking is good for stress relief because my
grandpa smoked his whole life and lived to be 90."
1. What are the things that you
have to do in order to refrain
from these fallacies ASSIGNMENT
2. Study on the factors affecting
authenticity and validity of
evidences/information
