470-1500 A.D.

Medieval Europe
 1000-1100A.D. 1100 A.D.
Architecture Literature
In the 1000s the Europeans started During the medieval times Latin was
to build lots of buildings. Since most the language that educated people,
of the medieval society valued speaking and writing. Every region in
religion, most of the buildings were Europe had it's own local language
churches and monasteries. The other than Latin. People used this
design of the early medieval language, called the vernacular, in
churches were Romanesque, which everyday life. This language was the
is a style that is combined of the early versions of languages such as;
features of Roman and Byzantine English, French, Spanish, and
buildings. Romanesque churches German. In the 1100s, writers
were rectangular buildings with started writing in this language.
circular roofs. The churches also Many educated people soon
had very small windows that let in became interested in this new type
little light of writing.
 1337-1453 A.D. 800-900 A.D.
The Hundred Years War The Fall of Charlemagne's
In 1337, the Hundred Years War Empire
started, and at this time, Western
Europe was being torn up because of Because of Charles the Greats
religious and political disputes. forceful ruling, the kingdom held
England's monarchy had ruled parts of together; and when he died in
France, and France's king's wanted to 814, the kingdom did not last
give France their kingdom back. King long. After only a couple years the
Edward lll of England then declared kingdom divided into three.
himself king of France. This conflict Because of this, these three little
kept going for another hundred years. kingdoms were prey to outside
At first; in 1346 the English were
kingdoms. Many took advantage
winning because they had superior
of this and attacked and raided
weapons, such as; the long bow and
the kingdoms. All throughout the
an early version of the cannon. But in
the end the French won their land 800s and 900s they were
back. continuously attacked.
 700-741 A.D. 768-800 A.D.
The Reign of Charles Martel The Franks Expansion
By 700, power had changed from After Pepin died in 768, his son,
a monarchy to a government. In Charles became the king of the
the year 714 Charles Martel Franks. Charles had a vision to
became the mayor of the palace. turn his kingdom into an empire,
The first thing Charles Martel to do this he decided to send his
wanted to do was stop the armies into neighboring lands. By
spread from Islam into Europe. the year 800, Charles vision had
In 732, Charles Martel defeated became real and for the first time
the Muslims at the Battle of since the fall of Rome almost all
Tours. This battle helped stop Western Europeans were ruled
the advance of Islam to Western by one government. Because of
Europe. When Charles Martel all these wins Charles earned
died in 741 his son Pepin took the name Charlemagne, or
over. Charles the Great.
 1254-1324 A.D.
718-1492 A.D.
The Reconquista Marco Polo
The Reconquista is a name given Marco Polo was a merchant and explorer
to a long series of wars and who traveled throughout the Far East and
China almost his entire life. Marco was
battles. It was between the
born in Venice, which was a wealthy
Muslim Moors and the Christian trading city, and his father was a
kingdoms for control of the merchant. After traveling around the
Iberian Peninsula. The Iberian world for twenty years, his father and he
peninsula is in the far southwest returned to Venice. A few years after he
of Europe. Today, the majority of returned back home, Venice was involved
in a war. Marco was put under arrest.
the peninsula includes the
While he was under arrest, he told stories
countries Spain and Portugal. It and journeys to a writer named
is bordered by the Rustichello, who wrote them all down in a
Mediterranean sea, Pyrenees book called: "The Journeys of Marco Polo"
Mountains, and the Atlantic It soon became a very popular book, it
then started being published in many
ocean.
different languages.
1445-1487 A.D. 1066 A.D.
The War of Roses The Three Kings
The War of Roses went on for a In 1066, the king of England; Edward
long time; over 30 years. It was and the Confessor died. Unfortunately, he
on and off battle, and most of the didn't have any kids, so there was no
battles were small. The reason it's one to take the throne. Three men
called the War of Roses is because claimed to be the rightful heir to the
of the symbols of the two warring crown. They each had their own
houses. The House of York was reasons as to why they get the throne.
represented by the white rose, and King Harold Hardrada of Norway, Earl
the House of Lancaster was Harold Godwinson of England, and
represented by the red rose. The William of Normandy had their own
reason to the war is extremely reasons as to why they should be
complex, both claimed the throne, crowned king. It varies from saying that
and it didn't help the king at the king Edward promised him the throne,
time was mentally ill. to just wanting to be king.
1412-1431 A.D. 1096-1291 A.D.
Joan of Arc Crusades
Joan of Arc was born in 1412. In All the crusades took place
1429 Joan was sent to Orlèans
between the 10th-12th
with a relief army. She
century. They were wars
encouraged the french army and
fought between Christians
gave them courage to fight. They
fought the English army and
and Muslims about religion.
defeated them and so the city These crusades had very
was freed. Sadly she was large casualties. The goal of
captured by English soldiers only the crusades was to take
a few months later. She was the back the holy land from the
accused of being a witch and muslims.
burned at the stake in 1431.
 476 A.D. Early 1000's
The Fall of Rome The Rise of Feudalism
In 476 A.D. people of During the early 1000's a lot of kingdoms
had adopted the prospect of feudalism.
Germanic descent invaded and
Feudalism determined status of people in
took over the last of Rome. the middle ages. The kings and the
After Rome's conquering queens were on the top of the feudalism
Europe entered into the pyramid, that was because they had the
most power at the time. After kings and
Medieval era, which are also queens came lords and ladies they had
known as the Middle ages. some power in the government and one
During this time Europe was way they had power was the ability to gift
knights to kingdoms during war. After
able to split into different
them came the knights, who protected
kingdoms and cultures since the peasants during war. Then at the
they were free from Rome's bottom of the pyramid were the citizens
grasp. of the kingdom, the peasants and the
serfs
 Mid 1300's 1462-1505 A.D.
The Black Death Ivan III
The disease started in China in the Ivan III was born in 1440 A.D. He
1330's. It spread throughout Asia and helped his blind father rule and
Europe. The disease was spread took over the throne in 1462. He
through fleas. The street name for the had a 43 year long reign. He was
disease was the black death, the more
the one who invented tzars so he
scientific name for it was the bubonic
plague. Almost half of China's was the first tzar. Ivan III was
population died. Since rats are one of know for his expansion of
the biggest flea carriers they were the Moscow. He stole land from
ones who transported the fleas. The
other countries so that he could
rats would ride with traders on their
travels. They would then get off in expand Moscow. He married
different countries and spread the Maria of Tver in 1452, After her
disease. The disease quickly spread death in 1467 he remarried to
throughout Europe. It is estimated that
Sophia Palaiologina in 1472.
between 19 to 38million people died.
 871-899 A.D. 1150 A.D.
King Alfred Gothic Structures
King Alfred ruled over Wessex. Around 1150 A.D. architects
When a group of vikings from started to build with the gothic
Scandinavia attempted to in style. The gothic style is all about
invade, King Alfred allied with the the sharp angles. So the
rest of Anglo-Saxons. Together buildings were built with a lot of
they showed a united front. After triangle shapes. So churches
they defeated the vikings the were generally built with a lot of
Anglo-Saxons Merged into one turrets. The outside of the
country known at the time as buildings were intricately
Angleland. Now this country is decorated with carvings of
called England. Alfred's great beautiful patterns. They had
achievement earned him the large arches and tall ceilings.
nickname "Alfred the Great."
1378-1417 A.D. 1066-A.D.
The Great Schism William the Conqueror
The Great Schism was a William the Conqueror's
disagreement in the church. This reign started 1066 after
disagreement was about who defeating Harold Godwinson
the pope was. The confusion was and taking over the throne.
caused because three people This battle is where he
claimed that they were they earned his nickname. He
pope. The conflict was
was the first ruler since
eventually resolved in 1417 when
Roman times to run a
a group of bishops met up and
census. The book in which
discussed this topic. They
the census was recorded
resolved that church members
was called the Domesday
would vote on a new pope.
book.
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