1.
"A" and "An" (Indefinite Articles)
Used with singular nouns when referring to something unspecific or general.
"A" is used before words that begin with a consonant sound.
o Example: a dog, a car, a university (the "u" in "university" sounds like "yoo").
"An" is used before words that begin with a vowel sound.
o Example: an apple, an umbrella, an hour (the "h" in "hour" is silent).
2. "The" (Definite Article)
Used when referring to something specific or already known to the listener or reader.
o Example: I saw the dog that lives next door.
Used when there is only one of something.
o Example: The sun, the president, the Eiffel Tower.
Can be used with singular or plural nouns.
o Example: The cat is sleeping. / The cats are sleeping.
Quick Test to Choose:
1. Is it the first time you're mentioning something? → Use "a" or "an".
o I saw a bird.
2. Is it specific or already mentioned? → Use "the".
o The bird was blue.