Architecture 14th century

Architecture
12th –16th
century romanesque
Architecture
9th–12th
century
Derived from Roman traditions, Romanesque
architecture features massive stone walls, rounded
arches, and vaulting techniques. It emerged in
Europe during the Age of Faith, evolving regionally
Leon Michel- Andrea but maintaining a unified style influenced by
Battista angelo
Alberti Buonarroti Palladio abbot feudalism, the Crusades, and the Christian Church.
suger
“Father of the
Gothic style”

During the 14th century, Italy Authored The only man to attain the Renowned for his villas
became the center of a cultural architectural highest level in the three and contributions to
rebirth known as the Renaissance, treatises and arts of painting, sculpture, and classical architectural Gothic architecture
Florence Cathedral characterized by a renewed interest
designed buildings architecture. Integrated theory.
flourished during the High
Brunelleschi's dome in arts and sciences. Artists and
such as the Basilica
of Sant'Andrea.
sculpture and architecture,
evident in St. Peter's Basilica. and Late Medieval periods. Walls: Thick with small windows; varied
scholars of the period shifted their
focus from religious themes to Originating in 12th-century materials like brick, limestone, or granite.
human emotion, individualism, and France, it evolved from
realism. This intellectual movement, Romanesque styles and
Donato Bramante

famous buildings
The High Renaissance period marked a pinnacle of artistic
called Humanism, emphasized
Pioneered a dynamic approach to design.
emphasized light, height, and Piers & Columns: Used to support arches;
sensitivity to human experience,
and architectural achievement. Key figures like Bramante, revival of classical antiquity, and Influenced by Vitruvius' treatise on architecture. ornate detail through capitals featured biblical and decorative
Raphael, and Michelangelo pushed the boundaries of classical
secularism.
Designed iconic structures like St. Peter's Basilica and the innovations like pointed
design, infusing it with a dynamic and innovative spirit. Tempietto.
arches, ribbed vaults, and carvings.
Harmony and Balance: A Monumental Scale: Grandiose flying buttresses. Famous Romanesque architecture includes the Pisa Cathedral and
harmonious blend of classical structures that command
forms and proportions. attention. San Zeno Basilica in Italy, the Abbey of St. Denis and Notre Dame du Arches & Vaults: Semicircular arches; barrel
raphael Port in France, Santiago de Compostela in Spain, Durham Cathedral and groin vaults for roofing.
Organic Design: Fluid and Innovative Use of Space: Combined architectural design with painting and sculpture. in England,
interconnected spaces that Bold and unconventional Known for his elegant and harmonious designs.
spatial arrangements.
flow seamlessly. Designed the Chigi Chapel and the Villa Madama. Verticality & and Worms Cathedral in Germany, all
lightness Intricate tracery characterized by thick walls and Domes: Often concealed within church towers.
rounded arches.

Pointed arches Flying buttresses Church Plans: Latin Cross layouts with notable elements like
& ribbed vaults
naves, aisles, apses, and clerestories.
16th –18th 18th century
Architecture century Architecture 18th century 17th-18th
The Baroque style emerged in Italy during the early Architecture Architecture CENTURY
1600s. The term "baroque" likely comes from the
Portuguese word "barroco," meaning an irregularly
shaped pearl. While "baroque" can simply describe
Asymmetry: Rococo architecture often
eschews symmetry, favoring flowing curves
Characteristics the virginia state capitol
The colonial architecture period in America, is characterized by the
influence of various European styles brought by settlers and
colonizers. This era encompasses several sub-periods and
and irregular shapes. (post colonial)
something elaborate, it's most commonly used to architectural styles that reflect the diverse cultural backgrounds of
describe the artistic and architectural styles of the 17th Ornamentation: Elaborate and the inhabitants.
intricate ornamentation, including THE CABILDO
and 18th centuries.
intricate carvings, gilded details,
and playful motifs like shells, Grandeur Simplicity Symmetric Use of Uncluttered ( FRENCH COLONIAL) SUB- PERIODS:
in scale in -al floor columns appearance
St. Paul’s Cathedral
Architect: Sir Christopher Wren
Key Feature: Large dome and stunning interiors.
Characteristics flowers, and scrolls.

Pastel Colors: Rococo

geometric
forms
plans and
pediments
with blank
walls
MISSION SAN JUAN CAPISTRANO
French Colonial: 17th - 18th centuries;
features stucco-sided homes with expansive
Emotional Impact: Designed to evoke interiors often featured (SPANISH COLONIAL) porches.
strong feelings and communicate religious Rococo architecture is a soft, pastel colors that
themes. created a sense of Center of the neo-classical Spanish Colonial: 16th - 18th centuries;
highly decorative and lightness and elegance. movement; questioned characterized by adobe or stucco siding
theatrical style that emerged Neoclassical architecture, rococo and baroque styles.
Elaborate Details: Features intricate which emerged in the with red clay tile roofs.
decorations, including gilding and marble. in 18th-century France as a Illusionism: Rococo
reaction to the more formal architects employed
18th century during the
Enlightenment, is Birthplace of the movement; Georgian Colonial: 18th century;
Distinct Shapes: Utilizes complex
Baroque style. Characterized techniques like
Quadratura painting characterized by its notable structures include INDEPENDENCE HALL symmetrical brick homes with multi-
by its ornate, asymmetrical, to create illusions inspiration from ancient Greek
Arco della Pace and Teatro
(GEORGIAN COLONIAL) pane windows.
interlacing ovals for spacious designs. San Carlo.
and often playful designs, of depth and and Roman designs,
Rococo embraced a lighter, grandeur.
emphasizing simplicity,

periods of baroque Notable Architects N

ota
more intimate aesthetic.

ble A
French Rococo
Elegant and intricate, featuring light
colors and nature-inspired motifs.
symmetry, and grandeur
through features like columns,
pediments, and uncluttered
ota
Supported by Catherine the Great; notable
architect Giacomo Quarenghi designed
significant buildings in St. Petersburg.
1.
POST- COLONIAL
Post-Colonial (1790-1820): Transitioned from English
Georgian styles to Neo-classical elements.
Garrison Colonial: Late 17th - early 18th centuries; steep
roofs and overhanging second stories.
New England Colonial: 17th - early 19th centuries; two-

N
Applied to churches and palaces with
1. Early Baroque (1584-1625): Notable works include Church of Pietro da German Rococo spaces. 2.First Eclectic Phase (1820-1869): Dominated by Greek
Francesco Cortona Francois r c h ite cts exuberant stucco work and frescoes.
John Soane ble A story homes with central chimneys.

r c h ite cts
the Gesu and St. Peter’s Basilica. Borromini Mansart Developed in Prussia, blending French Revival architecture, introducing balloon framing
Frederician Rococo elegance with Dutch influences; features Renowned for his work John Soane and Robert Adam were key
2. High Baroque (1625-1675): Major contributions from architects fluffy white stucco interiors. on the Bank of England figures, focusing on classical elements techniques. Southern Colonial: Late 18th century; symmetrical homes
and Sir John Soane’s with modern innovations.
like Bernini and Borromini. Influenced by French styles and anti-reformation Museum in London. 3 .Second Eclectic Phase (1860-1930): often made of brick.
Gian polish Rococo Baroque architecture, reflecting a love for French culture.
3. Late Baroque (1675-1750): Spread across Europe; Lorenzo Germain Marked by Gothic Revival and Beaux- Cape Cod Colonial: Late 17th century; one or one-
notable for the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles. Bernini Boffrand italian Rococo Evolved from Baroque influences, focusing on lighter and
Giacomo Quarenghi Arts influences, leading to innovations
more elegant designs. and-a-half stories with shingle siding.
Prominent in Russia,
Frederick known for works like St. such as skyscrapers.
Integrated sculpture Known for innovative Renowned for fresco
the Great George’s Hall in the Dutch Colonial: Early to mid-18th century; brick or stone
and architecture into forms and dramatic ceilings and powerful
Winter Palace.
unified designs. light effects. designs.
Jean-François Chalgrin homes reflecting Flemish culture

O D ERNISM Pierre-Alexandre Vignon Known for designing the

Arc de Triomphe in Paris.

M
Architect of the Église
de la Madeleine in Paris.

21st
Architecture century Modernism is an architectural
style that emerged in the
18th - 19th
19TH CENTURY
early 20th century,
characterized by a focus on
function, clean lines, and the
Architecture Architecture 20th century
Revolution century
use of modern materials like
steel and glass. It aimed to
create a universal
architectural language
suitable for any location
Characteristics
Emphasis on Function
Open floor plans
ARCHIT REVIVAL STYLES
ART ECT Greek Revival
ZAHA frank SANTIAGO TADAO Clean Lines
NOUVEAU
U Gothic Revival
gehry CALATRAVA

RAL
HADID Modern Materials
ANDO Characterized
by flowing,
VICTORIAN STYLE

STYL
Horizontal and Vertical Emphasis The Industrial Revolution was
Contemporary architecture refers to organic forms Eclectic Architecture - merging of
the architectural style of the 21st inspired by ANTONI GAUDI a period of significant
Technological Advancements: various styles

ES
nature.
century. There's no single dominant The development of new technological and economic
style, but it emphasizes innovation materials like steel, glass, and
CHARLES MACKINTOSH
change that began in Great The Great Exhibition of 1851
reinforced concrete
and unconventional designs.
revolutionized building The International Style Britain in the mid-18th showcased Victorian design and
Contemporary architects have access HECTOR GUIMARD
to advanced materials and building
construction. emerged in the 1920s and LE CORBUSIER century. It marked a shift detailing
1930s, characterized by a Pioneered the use of
BAUHAUS from agrarian to industrial
methods, allowing for complex and Urbanization and The early 20th century was a period of
Illusionism: Rococo unique shapes. Industrialization: Rapid focus on function, clean lines, reinforced concrete.
Developed the "Five
emphasized
functionality significant architectural innovation, society, characterized by BEAUX-ARTS
architects employed
techniques like
Sustainability is a major focus, with urbanization and
industrialization led to the
and the use of modern Points of Architecture" and a union of marked by a departure from traditional mechanized production and
Order, symmetry, formality
buildings incorporating recycled materials like steel and glass. (pilotis, roof garden, free art, craft, and factory systems.
Quadratura paintingmaterials, natural materials, and need for new building types, styles and the emergence of
technology.
to create illusions features that reduce energy such as skyscrapers and It aimed to create a universal plan, free façade, and
horizontal windows). modernism.
Grandiosity, elaborate ornamentation
of depth and factories.
grandeur. consumption. architectural language that LUDWIG MIES VAN DER
WALTER GROPIUS
Balustrades, balconies, columns, cornices,
would be suitable for any LUDWIG MIED VAN
ROHE
pediments
location. DER ROHE Opulent interiors with grand staircases and
Known for his minimalist ballrooms
approach and use of
steel and glass.
c u r v e d li n

Rejection of Historical Styles: "Less is more" ARTS AND CRAFTS

Modernists sought to break away philosophy.
from traditional classical and
A reaction against mass-produced goods of
historical styles, emphasizing the Industrial Revolution
functionalism and simplicity. FRANK LLOYD WALTER GROPIUS
e

WRIGHT Emphasized handwork, skilled craftsmanship, and

es
om

Founder of the Bauhaus

International Style: This style,

rt h
American architect school.
characterized by clean lines, Emphasized the unity of design in decorative arts
known for his Inspired by
sma geometric forms, and the use of
modern materials, became organic architecture, art and technology. geometric shapes, Influenced architecture with Celebrated speed,
s

dominant in the mid-20th century. integrating buildings streamlining, and its use of fragmented technology, and
ow

with their natural bold colors. geometric shapes.

as d movement.
l a r g e win
surroundings.
ym metry