I.
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:
a. Know how the elements found in the universe were formed
b. identify the the formation of the elements during the Big Bang and during
stellar evolution
c. define the distribution of the chemical elements and the isotopes in the
universe
d. make a creative representation of the historical development of the atom
or the chemical element in a timeline
II. Subject Matter: Physical Science
Reference: Physical Science; Formation of light elements in the universe:
ADM Module S11 12PS-IIIa-1
III. Material:
a. Flashcards
b. Illustration board and chalk
c. A fable written in bond paper
IV. Procedure:
TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENTS’ ACTIVITY
A. Pre-activities
1. Prayer (led by a student)
2. Greeting
3. Checking of attendance
B. Motivation:
Before we start let’s have an
activity by group. The first row will
be group one, the 2nd row will be
group two, and the 3rd row will be
group three. Yes ma’am
I have here pictures of different
elements that can be found in the
universe. Each group will say
their answer as fast as they can.
C. Presentation:
I have here a video presentation
on how the universe was created
and what is the big bang all
about.
Watching the video resentation…
(Origin of the Universe
101/National Geographic)
D. Discussion
Class, what did you observed Ma’am some theories on how the
from the video presentation that universe created and different heavenly
you just watch. bodies
Very Good!
The big bang theory:
Among the proposed explanations on how the
universe began, the Big Bang Theory is the on
currently accepted, theoretically. It describes
that the universe started with a singularity
defined simply as a point where all matter, time,
space, laws of the universe and reality itself are
condensed—ultimately inflating (not exploding)
since approximately 14 billion years ago until
now, according to NASA (National
Aeronautics and Space Administration)
This lesson primarily focuses on the formation
of the heavier elements but in order to
understand that, we must first understand how
the lighter elements were formed.
The steps below summarize the formation of
the earliest and lighter elements in the
heart of massive stars, stars that are nine (9)
times the size of our Sun
1.There is first a huge cloud of Hydrogen (H)
atoms. As per the law of the universe,
gravity will pull these atoms together.
2.The core (center) of this cloud will get dense
and hot, like when more things rub
together they get hotter and more compressed.
This dense and hot core will start to
ignite.
3.This ignition is the start of fusion and since the
atoms that are fusing (clumping
together) are Hydrogen atoms, this is called
Hydrogen Fusion happening in the core
of the cloud.
4.The heated core eventually becomes plasma:
a soup of electrons and nucleuses that tare not
as well-formed, explaining why they aren’t
atoms yet.
5.Hydrogen atoms will eventually fuse into
Helium (He) and this (He) is now the new core.
The surroundings of this (He) core is the
previous (H) now called H-shell or H fusion shell
6. Since the remaining H-shell are also
constantly fusing into the (He) core, more (He) is
formed building up. With this (He) build-up,
where gravity pulls atoms inward, there is also
pressure which pushes the H-shell outward
causing the size of the star to get bigger.
7.Steps 1-6 are going to continue until other
fusions starts to happen:
a. He fuses with H into a Carbon (C) core with a
He-shell outside it;
b .C fuses with He into Oxygen (O) core with a C-
shell outside of it; and so on until Iron (Fe).
8.Why do we stop at Fe? It’s because in order to
produce another element after Fe, more energy
is needed than what the existing fusion can
supply. That does not mean only the elements
from H to Fe are real elements. Heavier
elements continue to form where there is
enough energy: during supernovae (plural of
supernova—when stars explode and die) and
neutron-star mergers (when stars merges
Class let’s read the elements on
the board,
Class, follow after me…
Read the elements again…
Mechanics:
I will flash cards that shows the
symbol and you will give the
name of the element
Flashing cards…
Now, let’s try to follow the steps
of the creation of the universe
Game: The galaxy puzzle
Mechanics:
The teacher will read the short
story below and find the 5 words
related to physics and chemistry.
Use items 1-5 as guide to find the
words
V. Evaluation:
1. this is the currently accepted
theory of the origin of the
universe which proposes that
everything started from a
singularity which in time
inflated—and continues to do
so—until the world we know of
today started existing
approximately 14 billion years
ago
2. this is the birth of elements
through nuclear fusion that
takes place within stars
3. this is the explosion in the
event of a death of a star
4. this is when stars merge to
form a more massive star,
generating more energy than
normal stars.
5. these are elements from
Hydrogen to Iron which form
in less massive stars.
Answer key:
1. Big Bang Theory
2. Stellar Nucleosynthesis
3. Supernova
4. Neutron Star Mergers
5. Light Elements
Yes ma’am my answers are the
. following:
Big Bang Theory, Stellar
Nucleosynthesis, Supernova
VI. Assignment: Neutron Star Mergers, Light Elements
Make an essay (2 paragraphs)
about what you’ve learned
today and create your own
perspective using your
imagination on how the
universe in created
Once, there was a spy named Hydrogen (nicknamed Hy) with massive issues on
trusting Angela, his agency partner. There was always the possibility that their
opinions
crash against each other rather than end in a peaceful fusion like when Hy suggests
the
suspect of the crime they were investigating could be in the East Coast but Angela
argues
that the place should be in the West Coast. They were almost fired from the job for
being too
unprofessional, almost becoming the ‘big bang’ to their careers. The gravity of the
situation
made Hy and Angela rethink their attitude and agree to be more understandable of
each
other’s differences on opinions
