CANINES
- Canines are the longest teeth in the mouth.
- There are two maxillary and two mandibular
canines.
- The middle labial lobe is well developed forming
cusp and labial ridge. Their lingual surfaces have
lingual ridge.
- The bone ridge over the labial surface of the
root is called canine eminence (ensure facial
expression).
Maxillary
permanent
canine
Chronology
Appearance of the dental organ 6 m.i.u
First evidence of calcification 4-5 months
Enamel completed 6-7 years
Eruption 11-12 years
Root completed 14-15 years
Type and function
This tooth has the function of incising, holding
and tearing food as well as esthetic.
No. of lobes
It has four lobes (three labial-the middle is well
developed- and cingulum)
Relation
The upper canine make contact mesially with the
distal surface of the lateral incisors and distally
with the mesial surface of the 1st premolar.
4 3 2 2 3 4
No. of surfaces
It has four surfaces and incisal aspect.
Labial Lingual Mesial Distal
No. of roots
It has one root. Incisal
Geometrical outline & outline form
Labial aspect
Surface Anatomy
Labial aspect
☻Geometrical outline of the crown: Trapezoid.
-The short side cervically.
-The long side incisally.
☻The outline:
- The mesial outline starting from cervical
line is convex till the junction of middle
and incisal thirds (contact area). Then
become concave till cusp tip.
- The distal outline is concave till the middle
third (the contact area) then convex to the
cusp tip.
- The cervical line is convex root-wards.
- The distal slope is longer than the
mesial slope.
☻Surface anatomy:
-The surface is convex both
mesiodistally and inciso-cervically.
Elevations
- Cervical ridge.
- Labial ridge.
- Cusp.
Depressions
- Two developmental grooves.
☻The root:
- It is long, slender, conical in
shape with distal curvature of
the apical 3rd.
Lingual aspect
- It has the same geometrical outline
and outline as the labial surface.
- The mesial and distal sides of the
crown and root converge lingually.
☻Surface anatomy:
The elevations:
- The cingulum.
- The marginal ridges (mesial and distal).
- The lingual ridge.
- Mesio and disto-incisal ridges.
The depressions:
- Two lingual fossae.
Mesial aspect
☻Geometrical outline of the crown:
☻Triangular in shape; the base
cervically and the apex incisally.
☻The cusp tip may be on a line
that bisects the centre of the root
or slightly labial to it.
☻The outline:
☻The labial outline is convex
with the greatest convexity at
cervical 1/3 ( cervical ridge).
☻The lingual outline is convex at
cervical 1/3 (cingulum).
- Then straight at the middle 3rd and
convex at incisal 3rd.
☻The mesial cervical line is
convex incisally.
☻Surface anatomy:
☻The mesial surface is convex with
the maximum convexity at the
junction of the incisal and middle 1/3s
( the contact area).
☻The root:
- The root is broad and taper to blunt
apex.
- It has a mesial developmental
depression.
The distal aspect
☻Similar to the mesial aspect but
differ in:
-The cervical line curvature is less
than mesial ( by 1 mm).
-The contact area is broader and
located at the middle 1/3 (more
cervically).
-The developmental depression of
the root is more developed.
-The distal marginal ridge is
heavier & more irregular than the
mesial.
Incisal aspect Labial
- The labio-lingual diameter is
greater than the mesio-distal
diameter.
- The cusp tip is slightly labial
and mesial to the center of the M D
crown.
- The distal slope is longer than
the mesial slope.
Lingual
- All elevations and depressions can be
seen from this aspect.
☻Pulp cavity
►Mesio-distal section
- Has narrow pulp chamber.
- The root canal is long and tapering
down to the apical foramen.
►Labio-lingual section
- The pulp chamber is pointed
incisally .
- The root canal start cervically wide till
about the middle then narrows to the
apical foramen.
Mandibular
permanent
canine
Chronology
Appearance of the dental organ 6 m.i.u
First evidence of calcification 4-5 months.
Enamel completed 6-7 years
Eruption 9-10 years
Root completed 12-13 years
Type and function
This tooth has the function of incising, holding
and tearing food as well as esthetic.
No. of lobes
It has four lobes (three labial-the middle is well
developed- and cingulum)
Relation
The lower canine make contact mesially with the
distal surface of the lateral incisors and distally
with the mesial surface of the 1st premolar.
4 3 4
2 2 3
No. of surfaces
It has four surfaces and incisal aspect.
Labial Lingual Mesial Distal
No. of roots
It has one root. Incisal
Surface Anatomy
-Similar to upper canine in the wedge shape & well-
developed cingulum but with longer crown, shorter root
& less mesiodistal dimensions.
Labial aspect
☻Geometrical outline of the crown: Trapezoid.
-The short side cervically.
-The long side incisally.
☻The outline:
- Mesial outline Is straight with the mesial
outline of the root. The mesial contact area is
at the incisal 3rd near the mesioincisal angle.
- The distal outline is convex till the contact area
which is more cervical than the mesial contact
area & more rounded.
- The cervical line is more symmetrically
curved root-wards.
- The distal slope is longer than
the mesial slope.
☻Surface anatomy:
-The surface is convex both
mesiodistally and inciso-cervically.
Elevations
- Cervical ridge.
- Labial ridge.
- Cusp.
Depressions
- Two developmental grooves.
☻The root:
- It is shorter than upper 3, slender, conical
in shape with distal curvature at the apical
3rd & more pointed apex.
Lingual aspect
- It has the same geometrical outline
and outline as the labial surface.
- The mesial and distal sides of the crown
and root converge lingually so that the
lingual portion of the root is about ½ the
width of the labial portion.
☻Surface anatomy:
-Flatter, smoother & regular
The elevations: (poorly developed)
- The cingulum.
- The marginal ridges (mesial and distal).
- The lingual ridge.
- Mesio and disto-incisal ridges.
The depressions
- one lingual fossae.
Mesial aspect
☻Geometrical outline of the crown:
☻Triangular in shape; the base cervically
and the apex incisally.
☻The cusp tip may be on a line that
bisects the centre of the root or slightly
lingual to it.
☻The outline:
☻The labial outline is less curved with the
greatest convexity at cervical 1/3 (cervical
ridge).
☻The lingual outline is also less curved.
The cingulum is less pronouced & the
incisal portion is thinner labiolingually,
more pointed cusp & more slender cusp
ridge.
- Then concave at the middle 3rd and convex
at incisal 3rd.
☻The mesial cervical line is
convex incisally.
☻Surface anatomy:
☻The mesial surface is convex with
the maximum convexity at the incisal
third (the contact area).
☻The root:
- The root is broad and taper to blunt
apex.
-It is common to find bifid root into
labial & lingual.
- It has a more pronounced mesial
developmental depression.
The distal aspect
☻Similar to the mesial aspect but
differ in:
- The cervical line curvature is less
than mesial ( by 1 mm).
-The contact area is broader more
cervially located.
-The distal marginal ridge is more
pronounced than the mesial.
- The developmental depression of
the root is more developed.
Incisal aspect Labial
- The labio-lingual dimension
is greater than the mesio-
distal dimension .
- The cusp tip is slightly lingual
and mesial to the center of the
crown. M D
- The distal slope is longer than
the mesial slope.
-The mesial cusp ridge inclines lingually.
Lingual
- All elevations and depressions can be seen from this aspect.
Pulp cavity
Mesiodistal section Labiolingual section
Transverse
section
