CHAPTER 1

EXERCISE 1
Identify the part of speech of the word in bold in each sentence. The Reading Vocabulary may be consulted.

1. Rhēa Silvia fīliōs amat. noun

2. Amūlius Rōmulum et Remum in aquam pōnit. preposition

3. Mars Rhēam Silviam amat. verb

4. Agricola fīliōs cūrat. noun

5. Lupa Rōmulum et Remum bene cūrat. adverb

6. Nauta aquam et terram amat. conjunction

Mars, god of war and father of Romulus and Remus.

EXERCISE 2
Choose the response that completes the statement, answers the question, or means the same as the bolded
word(s).

1. My affectionate litt le neighbor certainly lived up to her name.

a. Sophia b. Victoria
c. Bella d. Amy

2. Who would belong to an agrarian society?

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d. senior citizens

• 1 •
 3. The city aquatics director is in charge of the
a. public gardens. b. tennis courts.
c. swimming pools. d. baseball fields.

4. Which of the following describes a person performing fi lial duties?

a. Sam, who cuts grass for his neighbor b. Agatha, who takes her mother to doctor
appointments
c. Joe, who tutors students after school d. Noreen, who babysits the children on her block

5. A sailor measures distance in miles.

a. English b. Roman
c. nautical d. international

6. A werewolf reputedly has a(n) cast to its features.

a. lupine b. equine
c. piscine d. serpentine

7. Which dogs gained their name from being used to drive game out of their holes in the ground?
a. bloodhounds b. greyhounds
c. collies d. terriers

8. Which word is NOT derived from terra?

a. terrace b. territory
c. terror d. extraterrestrial

9. What is a parterre?
a. a ghostly apparition b. an ornamental flower bed
c. a group that opposes anarchists d. a type of bug repellent

10. Which of the following describes a person perambulating?

a. Juan, who is on a walking tour b. Hope, who is attempting to climb Mt. Everest
c. Massimo, who is driving a tourist bus d. Serena, who is on the track team

11. A student who cares about learning new things is .

a. intelligent b. amiable
c. irritating d. curious

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12. Which of the following describes a benefactor?
a. the woman who donated paintings to the
museum
b. the city council that raised utility rates
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2 • Latin for the New Millennium

 EXERCISE 3
Identify whether the word in bold is the subject, predicate nominative, or direct object in each sentence. The
Reading Vocabulary may be consulted. (The word nōn means “not.”)

1. Amūlius nōn est deus. predicate nominative

2. Puella Rōmam amat. direct object

3. Lupa fīliōs cūrat. subject

4. Nauta aquam amat. direct object

5. Rōmulus et Remus Rōmam aedificant. subject

6. Āthlēta ambulat. subject

EXERCISE 4
Decline the following noun.
1. aqua, aquae, f.
Singular Plural
Nominative aqua aquae

Genitive aquae aquārum

Dative aquae aquīs

Accusative aquam aquās

Ablative aquā aquīs

EXERCISE 5
Identify the case and number of the following nouns. For some, more than one answer is possible. Translate
each form into English.
Example: terrae
genitive singular of the land dative singular to/for the land nominative plural the lands

1. nautārum genitive plural: of the sailors, sailors’

2. fīliae genitive singular: of the daughter; dative singular: to/for the daughter; nominative plural: the daughters

3. terram accusative singular: the land

4. agricolīs dative plural: to/for the farmers; ablative plural: by/with the farmers

5. poētās accusative plural: the poets

6. lupa nominative singular: the she-wolf

7. Rōmā ablative singular: by/with/from Rome

8. āthlētae genitive singular: of the athlete; dative singular: to/for the athlete; nominative plural: the athletes
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Teacher’s Manual • Chapter 1 • 3

 EXERCISE 6
Identify the case and number of the following nouns. Change the singular forms into plural and the plural
forms into singular. For some, more than one answer is possible.
Example: puellā
ablative singular puellīs

1. puellae genitive singular, dative singular, nominative plural; puellārum/puellīs/puella

2. puella nominative singular; puellae

3. puellās accusative plural; puellam

4. puellārum genitive plural; puellae

5. puellīs dative plural, ablative plural; puellae/puellā

6. puellam accusative singular; puellās

EXERCISE 7
Complete the following sentences by consulting the Latin reading passage and Reading Vocabulary. Make
your answers grammatically correct.
Example: Mārs Rhēam Silviam amat.

1. Rhēa Silvia fīliōs / Rōmulum et Remum amat.

2. Amūlius Rhēam Silviam / Rōmulum et Remum nōn (not) amat.
3. Rhēa Silvia fīliōs / Rōmulum et Remum cūrat.
4. Amūlius Rhēam Silviam / Rōmulum et Remum nōn (not) cūrat.
5. Lupa ad aquam ambulat.
6. Lupa Rōmulum et Remum amat.
7. Lupa Rōmulum et Remum bene cūrat.

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Ancient coin showing Romulus and Remus with the she-wolf.

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4 • Latin for the New Millennium

CONTENT QUESTIONS
After completing Chapter 1, answer these questions.

1. Who were the founders of Rome?

Romulus and Remus.

2. Name the eight parts of speech.

Noun, pronoun, adjective, verb, adverb, conjunction, preposition, interjection.

3. What three properties does every noun have?

Every noun has case, number, and gender.

4. List the names of the five cases in order.

Nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, ablative.

5. What is the usual gender of nouns of the fi rst declension?

Feminine.

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Teacher’s Manual • Chapter 1 • 5

 CHAPTER 2
EXERCISE 1
Fill in the blanks by writing 1 for fi rst conjugation and 2 for second conjugation verbs.

1. habitō, habitāre, habitāvī, habitātum 1

2. habeō, habēre, habuī, habitum 2

3. vocō, vocāre, vocāvī, vocātum 1

4. teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentum 2

5. amō, amāre, amāvī, amātum 1

6. parō, parāre, parāvī, parātum 1

EXERCISE 2
Choose the meaning of the Latin word from which the English word is derived.

1. fable
a. false b. ancient c. story d. book

2. formation
a. make b. appearance c. important d. begin

3. patronage
a. father b. donation c. heir d. land

4. inimical
a. mind b. hostile c. soldier d. like

5. amble
a. travel b. love c. walk d. drive

6. accuracy
a. go to b. care for c. why d. run

7. due
a. timely b. two c. doubt d. owe
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• 6 •
8. expectant
a. wait for b. look at c. be d. breathe

9. prohibit
a. live b. deny c. have d. keep

10. inhabitant
a. hold b. dwell c. native d. house

11. narrative
a. story b. sailor c. tale d. tell

12. essential
a. be b. need c. prepare d. basis

13. parade
a. see b. get ready c. order d. care for

14. abstain
a. stay away b. deny c. hold d. mar

15. survey
a. road b. measure c. land d. see

16. disavow
a. call b. deny c. pray d. want

17. nonchalance
a. well b. not c. now d. care for

EXERCISE 3
Fill in the blanks with the missing Latin personal ending or English pronoun.
Singular Plural
Latin English Latin English
First person –o or –m I -mus we
Second person -s you –tis you

Th ird person -t (s)/he/it -nt they

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Teacher’s Manual • Chapter 2 • 7

 EXERCISE 4
Conjugate in the present tense.
1. vocō, vocāre, vocāvī, vocātum
Singular Plural
First person vocō vocāmus

Second person vocās vocātis

Th ird person vocat vocant

2. dēbeō, dēbēre, dēbuī, dēbitum

Singular Plural
First person dēbeō dēbēmus

Second person dēbēs dēbētis

Th ird person dēbet dēbent

EXERCISE 5
Identify the person and number of each verb and give three English translations for each.
Example: vocās
second singular you call, do call, are calling

1. amant third plural: they love, do love, are loving

2. habēs second singular: you have, do have, are having

3. tenet third singular: s/he/it holds, does hold, is holding

4. ambulāmus fi rst plural: we walk, do walk, are walking

5. dēbētis second plural: you owe, do owe, are owing/you ought/must/should

6. cūrant third plural: they care for (take care of); do care for (take care of); are caring for (taking care of)

EXERCISE 6
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words in parentheses.
Example:
Fīliī fābulam amant . (amāre)

1. Poētae fābulās parant . (parāre)

2. Puella fōrmam cūrat . (cūrāre)
3. Nautae aquam amant . (amāre)
4. Puellae lupam vident . (vidēre)
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8 • Latin for the New Millennium

 A sketch of an ancient actor wearing the mask of comedy.

EXERCISE 7
Translate into Latin.

1. You are telling stories! Fābulās nārrās!

2. We call the poet. Poētam vocāmus.

3. She takes care of the daughter. Fīliam cūrat.

4. You (plural) ought to care for the fatherland. Patriam cūrāre dēbētis.

5. I love Rome. Rōmam amō.

6. They expect the sailors. Nautās exspectant.

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Teacher’s Manual • Chapter 2 • 9

 CONTENT QUESTIONS
After completing Chapter 2, answer these questions.

1. Which two major Latin authors from prior to 100 bce are discussed in Chapter 2?
Plautus and Terence.

2. What models did Plautus follow in his work?

Greek comedy.

3. In which principal part is the stem of the verb found? How is the stem found?
In the second principal part; by removing the –re from the infi nitive.

4. How do you distinguish the fi rst from the second conjugation?

The fi rst conjugation has a characteristic vowel –ā, while the second has a characteristic vowel –ē.

5. In what respect do the subject and the verb agree?

In number.

Roman theatre in Mérida, Spain, where a modern-day summer festival devoted to the production of ancient plays is held annually.
Mérida was founded in 25 bce and its original name was Emerita Augusta from which the modern name of Mérida is derived.

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10 • Latin for the New Millennium

 CHAPTER 3
EXERCISE 1
Decline the following nouns.
1. servus, servī, m.
Singular Plural
Nominative servus servī

Genitive servī servōrum

Dative servō servīs

Accusative servum servōs

Ablative servō servīs

Vocative serve servī

2. magister, magistrī, m.
Singular Plural
Nominative magister magistrī

Genitive magistrī magistrōrum

Dative magistrō magistrīs

Accusative magistrum magistrōs

Ablative magistrō magistrīs

Vocative magister magistrī

EXERCISE 2
Choose the word that is NOT derived from the given Latin word.

1. ager
a. pilgrim b. agrarian c. agility d. peregrination

2. amīcus
a. amenity b. inimical c. enemy d. amicable

3. animus
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• 11 •
 4. casa
a. casino b. cherish c. chasuble d. chalet

5. domī
a. domicile b. domestic c. dormitory d. dominion

6. fīlius
a. affinity b. affi liation c. fi licide d. fi lial

7. rīvus
a. rivulet b. derivative c. rival d. derision

8. via
a. voyager b. visor c. devious d. impervious

9. vir
a. triumvirate b. virtual c. trivial d. virtuoso

10. ego
a. egregious b. egocentric c. egotistic d. egoist

11. timeō
a. intimidate b. timorous c. timidity d. intimate

12. cum
a. composition b. contradict c. commander d. conglomerate

13. in
a. input b. incarcerate c. initial d. innovation

EXERCISE 3
Translate into Latin.

1. in the stream in rīvō

2. with the sons cum fīliīs

3. in the mind in animō

4. on the roads in viīs

5. with the friend cum amīcō

6. in the water © Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Inc.

in aquā

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12 • Latin for the New Millennium

 EXERCISE 4
In the sentences below, use an appropriate noun from the fi rst sentence to fi ll in the blank with a noun in the
vocative case. Then translate both sentences.
Example: Poēta fābulam parat. Exspectāmus, poēta , fābulam.
The poet is preparing a story. We are waiting for the story, poet.

1. Puer lupam timet. Nōn dēbēs, puer , lupam timēre.

The boy fears the she-wolf. Boy, you ought not to fear the she-wolf.

2. Fīlius domī nōn est. Tē, fīlī , exspectāmus.

tē – you (accusative)
The son is not at home. Son, we are waiting for you.

3. Vir amīcum vocat. Amīcus, vir , nōn est domī.

The man is calling his friend. Man, (your) friend is not at home.

4. Amīcus animum bonum nōn habet. Dēbēs, amīce , animum bonum habēre.
bonum – good (accusative singular masculine)
The friend does not have a good spirit. Friend, you ought to have a good spirit.

5. Puella in agrīs ambulat. Tē, puella , domī exspectāmus.

tē – you (accusative)
The girl is walking in the fields. Girl, we are waiting for you at home.

Modern actors in ancient garb.

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Teacher’s Manual • Chapter 3 • 13

 EXERCISE 5
Translate into Latin.

1. The sons do not expect Demea.

Dēmea, Dēmeae, m.
Fīliī Dēmeam nōn exspectant.

2. Syrus does not fear Demea.

Syrus, Syrī, m.
Syrus Dēmeam nōn timet.

3. The sons ought not to live in the fields.

Fīliī in agrīs habitāre nōn dēbent.

4. The sons walk on the roads with friends.

Fīliī in viīs cum amīcīs ambulant.

EXERCISE 6
Translate this fable into English.
Phaedrus, a Roman author who lived during the fi rst half of the fi rst century ce, was a freed slave of the em-
peror Augustus. He wrote the fi rst collection of fables in Latin literature that has come down to us. Phaedrus
follows the plots of his Greek predecessor Aesop, but puts them in a poetic form. The fable below is adapted
from the original.

Lupus et agnus in rīvō stant. Lupus superior stat et agnus īnferior. Lupus agnum vocat: “Aquam, agne, turbās.”
Agnus lupum timet: “Ego, lupe, īnferior stō. Aquam nōn turbō.”
Lupus: “Tē (accusative of tū) nōn amō.”
Lupus agnum dēvorat.

The wolf and the lamb stand in the stream. The wolf stands higher and the lamb lower.
The wolf calls the lamb: “Lamb, you muddy the water.”
The lamb fears the wolf: “Wolf, I stand lower. I do not muddy the water.”
Wolf: “I do not like you.”
The wolf devours the lamb.

agnus, agnī, m. – lamb stō, stāre, stetī, statum – to stand

dēvorō, dēvorāre, dēvorāvī, dēvorātum – to devour superior – higher (upstream)
īnferior – lower (downstream) turbō, turbāre, turbāvī, turbātum – to muddy, to stir up
lupus, lupī, m. – wolf
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14 • Latin for the New Millennium

 EXERCISE 7
Using the Reading Vocabulary from Exercise 6, fi ll in the blanks with the appropriate endings.
Example: Agnus nōn est in agr ō .

1. Agn us est in rīv ō .

2. Agnus lup um nōn vocat.
3. Agnus aqu am nōn turbat.
4. Lupus agn um nōn amat.
5. Nōn dēbēs, lup e , agnum dēvorāre.
6. Dēbēs, agn e , lupum timēre.

The wolf and lamb face each other.

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Teacher’s Manual • Chapter 3 • 15

 CONTENT QUESTIONS
After completing Chapter 3, answer these questions.

1. Why have Terence’s comedies remained popular?

Because of the universal moral problems in them.

2. When is the vocative case used?

Used to address someone.

3. In what declension and what noun-type is the vocative different from the nominative? What is the ending?
Second declension, nouns in –us. The ending is –e.
Second declension, nouns in –ius. The ending is –ī.

4. With what word do we usually translate the genitive? With what mark of punctuation can the genitive
also be translated?
“Of.” The apostrophe.

5. What is a prepositional phrase?

A preposition with a noun in a certain case.

A sketch of an ancient mask of comedy.

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16 • Latin for the New Millennium

 CHAPTER 4
EXERCISE 1
Decline the following nouns.
1. praemium, praemiī, n.
Singular Plural
Nominative praemium praemia

Genitive praemiī praemiōrum

Dative praemiō praemiīs

Accusative praemium praemia

Ablative praemiō praemiīs

Vocative praemium praemia

2. vinculum, vinculī, n.
Singular Plural
Nominative vinculum vincula

Genitive vinculī vinculōrum

Dative vinculō vinculīs

Accusative vinculum vincula

Ablative vinculō vinculīs

Vocative vinculum vincula

Armed Roman soldiers.

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• 17 •
 EXERCISE 2
Choose the meaning of the Latin root from which the English word provided is derived.

1. revelry
a. wish b. enjoy c. war d. voice

2. castle
a. camp b. care for c. make d. live

3. sedulous
a. house b. trick c. give d. sweet

4. premium
a. best b. prepare c. extra d. reward

5. venomous
a. arrival b. wound c. poison d. chain

6. embellish
a. war b. good c. add d. care for

7. armadillo
a. armed b. courage c. field d. walk

8. perjure
a. order b. lie c. trick d. just

9. magnitude
a. bad b. measure c. large d. hold

10. dismal
a. spirit b. give c. dark d. bad

11. editor
a. trick b. enter c. open d. give

12. entrant
a. hold b. prepare c. enter d. I

13. jussive
a. order
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18 • Latin for the New Millennium

14. admonition
a. from b. give c. have d. toward

15. evolve
a. down b. out c. to d. against

16. inspection
a. into b. on c. not d. away

EXERCISE 3
Translate into Latin.

1. I give the reward to the famous man.

Praemium virō praeclārō dō.

2. We tell the story about the treachery to the sons.

Fābulam dē dolō fīliīs nārrāmus.

3. They prepare the camp for the armed men.

Castra virīs armātīs parant.

4. We show (mōnstrāmus) the road to the Romans.

Viam Rōmānīs mōnstrāmus.

5. You (plural) prepare chains for bad men.

Vincula virīs malīs parātis.

6. We do not give poison to men.

Venēnum virīs nōn damus.

EXERCISE 4
Change the noun-adjective pairs into the singular if they are plural and into plural if they are singular. For
some, more than one answer is possible.
Example: virō malō
virīs malīs

1. amīcī iūstī amīcōrum iūstōrum/amīcus iūstus

2. bellōrum magnōrum bellī magnī

3. rīvō magnō rīvīs magnīs

4. agrī magnī agrōrum magnōrum/ager magnus

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6. āthlēta praeclārus āthlētae praeclārī
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Teacher’s Manual • Chapter 4 • 19

 EXERCISE 5
Translate into Latin. The Reading Vocabulary in Chapter 4 may be consulted.

1. Pyrrhus wants to have land in Italy.

Pyrrhus terram in Italiā habēre vult.

2. A deserter walks into the camp of the Romans.

Profuga in castra Rōmānōrum ambulat.

3. They ought not to give the bad man a large reward.

Nōn dēbent virō malō magnum praemium dare.

4. Fabricius wants to have victory through legitimate war.

Fābricius bellō iūstō victōriam habēre vult.

5. Fabricius orders armed men to walk with the deserter to the camp of Pyrrhus.
Fābricius iubet virōs armātōs cum profugā ad Pyrrhī castra ambulāre.

EXERCISE 6
Change the noun to the correct case required by the prepositions in parentheses and then translate.
Example: vir (cum)
cum virō with the man

1. fīlia (cum) cum fīliā: with the daughter

2. viae (in + accusative) in viās: into the roads

3. aqua (ad) ad aquam: to/toward the water

4. aqua (in + ablative) in aquā: in/on the water

5. castra (ad) ad castra: to/toward the camp

6. casae (ē) ē casīs: out of the houses

7. nautae (cum) cum nautīs: with the sailors

EXERCISE 7
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the adjective in parentheses and translate each sentence. The Read-
ing Vocabulary in Chapter 4 may be consulted.
Example: Profuga est malus . (malus)
The deserter is bad.

1. Pyrrhus est rēx praeclārus . (praeclārus)

Pyrrhus is a famous king.

2. Pyrrhus magnam terram in Italiā habēre vult. (magnus)

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20 • Latin for the New Millennium

3. Virī armātī/armātum profugam vident. (armātus)
Armed men see the deserter. / Men see the armed deserter.

4. Fābricius victōriam iūstam vult. (iūstus)

Fabricius does want a legitimate victory.

5. Fābricius virōs Rōmānōs vocat. (Rōmānus)

Fabricius calls the Roman men.

6. Fābricius profugae vīnctō praemium nōn dat. (vīnctus)

Fabricius does not give a reward to the tied deserter.

Roman leg armor, known as greaves.

CONTENT QUESTIONS
After completing Chapter 4, answer these questions.

1. In what genre of literature did Cicero excel?

Oratory, among other genres.

2. What is the main topic in Cicero’s treatise Dē officiīs (On Duties)?

The relationship between what is morally right (honestum), and what is expedient (ūtile).

3. In what way do the neuter nouns of the second declension decline differently from the masculine nouns
of the second declension?
The nominative and accusative singular are the same: also the nominative and
accusative plural end in –a.

4. What is the case of the indirect object?

Dative.
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They must agree in case, number, and gender.

Teacher’s Manual • Chapter 4 • 21

 CHAPTER 5
EXERCISE 1
Conjugate in the passive voice, including the passive infi nitives. Translate each form.
1. exspectō, exspectāre, exspectāvī, exspectātum
2. iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussum
passive form of exspectō passive form of iubeō
+ English translation + English translation
First person singular exspector iubeor
I am being expected I am being ordered

Second person singular exspectāris iubēris

you are being expected you are being ordered

Th ird person singular exspectātur iubētur

s/he/it is being expected s/he/it is being ordered

First person plural exspectāmur iubēmur

we are being expected we are being ordered

Second person plural exspectāminī iubēminī

you are being expected you are being ordered

Th ird person plural exspectantur iubentur

they are being expected they are being ordered

Infi nitive exspectārī iubērī

to be expected to be ordered

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The Kansas state seal reads, Ad Astra Per Aspera, “To the stars through difficulties (rough things).”

• 22 •
 EXERCISE 2
Choose the response that, by derivation, completes the sentence, answers the question, or means the same
as the bolded word(s).

1. The lovely woman was well-known for her .

a. intelligence b. wealth
c. assistance d. pulchritude

2. A miser is .
a. wretched b. lonely
c. poor d. greedy

3. Which of the following can be described as sempiternal?

a. Latin class b. a diamond
c. your birthday d. a parade

4. The soldiers were helped by the .

a. Veterans’ Administration b. mandatory retirement age
c. Ladies’ Auxiliary d. length of service overseas

5. An epistolary novel
a. deals with the past. b. consists of letters.
c. is about a self-centered hero. d. espouses romanticism.

6. Nicoletta was such a familiar visitor that she

a. moved in next door. b. became well-known in the neighborhood.
c. was practically a family member. d. was always invited to babysit the children.

7. The gaudy colors of the designer’s dresses

a. were too glaring for everyday wear. b. were limited to sports apparel.
c. invited a lot of criticism. d. gave women much joy.

8. Which of the following describes someone who is lachrymose?

a. Anna, who wept for her deceased mother b. Ben, who was an awkward conversationalist
c. Mary Ann, who wrote concise book reviews d. Georgio, who was intolerant of cow’s milk

9. Although the more recent and common meaning of “purloin” is “to steal,” the word originally meant
.
© Bolchazy-Carduccib.Publishers,
a. to cook into a paste to put far away Inc.
c. to cleanse
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d. to obtain power mechanically

Teacher’s Manual • Chapter 5 • 23

 10. The noun “lunge” now refers to a quick forward movement but is derived from the Latin through an Old
French word meaning .
a. to attack b. to save
c. to lengthen d. to fight

11. Which of the following students was exhausted by cogitation?

a. Amelia, who attended a sleepover with her b. Rahat, who went home after a two-hour swim
friends practice
c. Kurt, who spent the morning mowing lawns d. Candy, who just finished a final exam

12. Sympathizing with her pain, the visitors gave their to the bereaved widow.
a. best wishes b. condolences
c. helpful advice d. donations

13. The indolent man looked for an easy job because he wanted to avoid .
a. challenges b. long hours
c. pain d. tricky situations

14. All of the following are derived from parō EXCEPT

a. apart b. empire
c. separate d. rampart

15. The prefi x “ab” means “away from” in all of the following EXCEPT
a. abdicate b. abduct
c. abort d. abacus

16. The prefi x “de” means “down from” in all of the following EXCEPT
a. debit b. deform
c. decimal d. detract

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24 • Latin for the New Millennium

 EXERCISE 3
Decline the following adjectives.
1. asper, aspera, asperum
Singular
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative asper aspera asperum

Genitive asperī asperae asperī

Dative asperō asperae asperō

Accusative asperum asperam asperum

Ablative asperō asperā asperō

Vocative asper aspera asperum

Plural
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative asperī asperae aspera

Genitive asperōrum asperārum asperōrum

Dative asperīs asperīs asperīs

Accusative asperōs asperās aspera

Ablative asperīs asperīs asperīs

Vocative asperī asperae aspera

2. crēber, crēbra, crēbrum

Singular
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative crēber crēbra crēbrum

Genitive crēbrī crēbrae crēbrī

Dative crēbrō crēbrae crēbrō

Accusative crēbrum crēbram crēbrum

Ablative crēbrō crēbrā crēbrō

Vocative crēber crēbra crēbrum

Plural
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative crēbrī crēbrae crēbra

Genitive crēbrōrum crēbrārum crēbrōrum

Dative © Bolchazy-Carducci
crēbrīs Publishers, Inc.
crēbrīs crēbrīs

Accusative
Ablative
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crēbrōs
crēbrīs
crēbrās
crēbrīs
crēbra
crēbrīs

Vocative crēbrī crēbrae crēbra

Teacher’s Manual • Chapter 5 • 25

 EXERCISE 4
Keeping the same case, number, and gender replace the adjective with the one in parentheses. Translate the
changed phrase. For some more than one answer is possible.
Example: praeclāram fēminam (miser)
miseram fēminam wretched woman

1. bonās fīliās (pulcher) pulchrās fīliās: beautiful daughters

2. bonōrum agricolārum (miser) miserōrum agricolārum: of the wretched farmers

3. malīs armīs (miser) miserīs armīs: to/for the wretched weapons; by/with/from the wretched weapons

4. bonae fēminae (pulcher) pulchrae fēminae: of the beautiful woman; to/for the beautiful woman; beautiful women
5. praeclārōs virōs (miser) miserōs virōs: wretched men

6. iūstō animō (miser) miserō animō: to/for the wretched soul; by/with/from the wretched soul

EXERCISE 5
Change the infi nitives in parentheses to the verb form required to complete the sentence. Translate each
sentence.
Example: Auxilium ā bonō virō datur . (dare)
Help is being given by the good man.

1. Venēna ā malīs virīs et fēminīs parantur . (parāre)

Poisons are being prepared by bad men and women.

2. Auxilium ab amīcīs datur . (dare)

Help is being given by friends.

3. Terra ā nautīs nōn vidētur . (vidēre)

The land is not seen by the sailors.

4. Castra ā virīs armātīs tenentur . (tenēre)

The camp is being held by armed men.

5. Nauta ā familiā exspectātur . (exspectāre)

The sailor is expected by the family.

6. Patria ā puerīs et puellīs amātur . (amāre)

The country is loved by the boys and girls.

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26 • Latin for the New Millennium

 EXERCISE 6
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the adjectives and translate each sentence. The Reading Vocabulary
in Chapter 5 may be consulted.
Example:
Casa nōn est magna . (magnus)
The cottage is not big.

1. Animus Cicerōnis (of Cicero) est miser . (miser)

Cicero’s mind is sad.

2. Terentia nōn est misera . (miser)

Terentia is not wretched.

3. Fīlia Terentiae est valdē pulchra et fīlius Terentiae est valdē pulcher . (pulcher)
The daughter of Terentia is very beautiful and the son of Terentia is very handsome.

4. Praemia pulchra exspectō. (pulcher)

I expect beautiful rewards.

5. Fābula ā pulchrā fēminā nārrātur. (pulcher)

The story is being told by a beautiful woman.

6. Virō miserō auxilium dare dēbēmus. (miser)

We ought to give help to the wretched man.

© Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Inc.

www.BOLCHAZY.com
Statue of a Roman woman holding a baby,
just as Cicero’s wife Terentia must have
held their daughter Tullia at one time.

Teacher’s Manual • Chapter 5 • 27

 EXERCISE 7
Translate the following passage. The Reading Vocabulary in Chapter 5 may be consulted.

Terentia Cicerōnī (to Cicero) salūtem plūrimam dīcit.

Epistula tua, Cicero, ā mē (me) tenētur. Sī dolēs, doleō. Nōn sōlum tamen cōnsilia mala ā malīs virīs contrā tē
parantur, sed etiam auxilium magnum ā bonīs virīs parātur. Itaque nōn dēbēmus dolēre. Nam familia nostra
(our) nōn est misera. Epistulae tuae longae ā mē, ā fīliō, ā pulchrā fīliā exspectantur. Valē!

Terentia is greeting Cicero. (Literally it means “[s/he] says [i.e., wishes] very much health [the best of health] to . . .”)
Your letter, Cicero, is held by me. If you feel pain, I feel pain. However, not only bad plans are being designed by bad men
against you, but also great help is being prepared by good men. And so we ought not to feel pain. For our family is not
wretched. Your long letters are expected by me, by (our) son, by (our) beautiful daughter. Goodbye!

CONTENT QUESTIONS
After completing Chapter 5, answer these questions.

1. What is the difference between the active and passive voices?

In the active voice the subject of the verb performs the action, while in the passive voice the subject receives the action.

2. Where was Cicero when he wrote sad letters to his family?

Cicero was in exile in Greece, sent there by his political enemies.

3. What construction is used with the passive voice to indicate the person who performs the action?
Ablative of agent preceded by the preposition ā (ab).

4. What spelling difference distinguishes the declension of pulcher and miser?

Pulcher loses the –e in its declension, while miser keeps it.

5. When is the preposition ab used instead of ā?

Ab is used before vowels.

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28 • Latin for the New Millennium

 CHAPTER 6
EXERCISE 1
Write the corresponding forms of possum and translate both verb forms.

1. sunt (they) are/there are possunt (they) are able

2. es (you) are potes (you) are able

3. sumus (we) are possumus (we) are able

4. est (s/he/it) is/there is potest (s/he/it) is able

5. sum (I) am possum (I) am able

6. estis (you <pl.>) are potestis (you <pl.>) are able

© Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Inc.

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• 29 •
 EXERCISE 2
Match the derivative in Column A to the meaning of the Latin source in Column B from which each is de-
rived. Some meanings may be used more than once; some not at all.

Column A Column B
1. B impossible A. spirit
2. F doctorate B. be able
3. N gist C. much
4. K remnant D. example
5. P interest E. prepare
6. J tenebrous F. teach
7. S libel G. letter
8. T farmer H. save
9. Q prejudice I. hold
10. D exemplary J. darkness
11. P represent K. remain
12. K mansion L. free
13. T infi rmary M. be accustomed
14. F docile N. lie down
15. R vitamin O. memory
16. S libretto P. to be
17. G alliteration Q. judge
18. O commemorate R. life
19. T affi rmation S. book
20. H reservoir T. strengthen
21. M insolence U. trick
22. G obliterate
23. R victuals
24. C multiplication
25. M obsolete
26. N adjacent

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30 • Latin for the New Millennium

 EXERCISE 3
Translate into English.

1. Timēre nōn dēbēmus.

We ought not to fear.

2. Amārī dēbētis.
You ought to be loved.

3. Ambulāre solēmus.
We are accustomed to walk.

4. Cūrārī dēbēs.
You ought to be cared for.

5. In viā esse dēbeō.

I ought to be on the road.

6. In agrō esse nōn solēmus.

We are not accustomed to be in the field.

7. Dē cōnsiliīs cōgitāre dēbent.

They ought to think about the plans.

EXERCISE 4
Translate into Latin.

1. I am able to walk.
Possum ambulāre.

2. I am used to being loved.

Soleō amārī.

3. Poets cannot always be just.

Poētae nōn semper iūstī esse possunt.

4. They are not used to preparing plans.

Cōnsilia parāre nōn solent.

5. Rewards ought to be given to the athletes.

Praemia āthlētīs darī dēbent.

6. We are not used to remaining in the darkness.

Manēre in tenebrīs nōn solēmus.

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Teacher’s Manual • Chapter 6 • 31

 EXERCISE 5
List the transitive and intransitive verbs in this modified reading passage. The Reading Vocabulary in Chapter
6 may be consulted.

Inter Gallōs sunt virī magnī quī vocantur Druidēs. Sacra Gallōrum ā Druidibus cūrantur. Druidēs ā Gallīs
valdē timentur: nam auctōritātem magnam habent, et dē virīs bonīs et malīs iūdicant. Praemia et poenae
ā Druidibus dantur. Vīta Gallōrum ā Druidibus cūrātur. Propter Druidum scientiam magnam multī puerī
ad Druidēs ambulant et cum Druidibus diū manent. Druidēs puerōs docent. Druidēs dē sacrīs scientiam
magnam habent, sed librōs et litterās nōn amant. Nam sacra sunt magna, sī in tenebrīs iacent. Itaque sacra
Gallōrum nōn litterīs, sed memoriā servantur. Druidēs scientiam magnam memoriā servant. Itaque dum
Druidēs exempla docent et fābulās nārrant, puerī memoriam fi rmant.

Transitive
vocantur, cūrantur, timentur, habent, iūdicant, dantur, cūrātur, docent, amant, servantur, servant, nārrant, fi rmant

Intransitive
sunt, ambulant, manent, iacent

Th is relief from the second century ce shows a teacher with students. Th is image, found in the area
of the Roman site Noviomagus Trēvirōrum, is frequently cited as evidence for Roman schooling. In
Roman times and still today, the area, modern-day Neumagen, is celebrated for its wine production.
Today the relief is housed in the Rheinisches Landes Museum in Trier, Germany.

EXERCISE 6
Change the following sentences into the passive voice. The Reading Vocabulary in Chapter 6 may be consulted.
Example: Puer puellam exspectat.
Puella ā puerō exspectātur.

1. Virī magnī praemia dant. Praemia ā virīs magnīs dantur.

Puerī ā Druidibus docentur.
2. Druidēs puerōs docent.
© Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Inc.
Librī et litterae ā Gallīs nōn amantur.
3. Gallī librōs et litterās nōn amant.
4. Puerī memoriam fi rmant. www.BOLCHAZY.comMemoria ā puerīs fi rmātur.

32 • Latin for the New Millennium

 EXERCISE 7
Change the following sentences into the active voice. The Reading Vocabulary in Chapter 6 may be consulted.
Example: Puella ā puerō exspectātur.
Puer puellam exspectat.

1. Sacra Gallōrum ā Druidibus cūrantur. Druidēs sacra Gallōrum cūrant.

2. Virī magnī ā Gallīs timentur. Gallī virōs magnōs timent.

3. Vīta Gallōrum ā virīs magnīs cūrātur. Virī magnī vītam Gallōrum cūrant.

4. Sacra ā Gallīs servantur. Gallī sacra servant.

Here the face of Julius Caesar depicts his worries,

cares, and concerns.

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Teacher’s Manual • Chapter 6 • 33

 CONTENT QUESTIONS
After completing Chapter 6, answer these questions.

1. Which are Caesar’s principal works?

“On the Gallic War” and “On the Civil War.”

2. What happened on the Ides of March 44 bce?

Caesar was murdered by his enemies.

3. Who were the Druids?

High priests and ruling class in Gaul at the time of Caesar.

4. How are the verbs sum and possum similar in conjugation?

The verb possum is actually composed of sum added to the prefi x pot–.

5. What is the difference between transitive and intransitive verbs?

Transitive verbs have direct objects and intransitive ones do not.

6. What is a complementary infi nitive?

A complementary infi nitive completes the meaning of certain verbs.

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34 • Latin for the New Millennium

 CHAPTER 7
EXERCISE 1
Decline the following phrases.
1. longa pāx
Singular Plural
Nominative longa pāx longae pācēs

Genitive longae pācis longārum pācum

Dative longae pācī longīs pācibus

Accusative longam pācem longās pācēs

Ablative longā pāce longīs pācibus

Vocative longa pāx longae pācēs

2. miser amor
Singular Plural
Nominative miser amor miserī amōrēs

Genitive miserī amōris miserōrum amōrum

Dative miserō amōrī miserīs amōribus

Accusative miserum amōrem miserōs amōrēs

Ablative miserō amōre miserīs amōribus

Vocative miser amor miserī amōrēs

EXERCISE 2
Choose the response that derives from the same root as the word provided.

1. amorous
a. maraschino b. amortize c. paramour d. amoral

2. delicious
a. dilettante b. deleterious c. diligence d. delegate

3. digit © Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Inc.

a. dignity b. digitalis c. dight d. dainty
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• 35 •
 4. domination
a. dowager b. donative c. dolman d. domino

5. binoculars
a. octavo b. occult c. antler d. antioxidant

6. pacify
a. peaceful b. impeccable c. passive d. impair

7. seniority
a. sensible b. senate c. sensation d. sentiment

8. sororicide
a. sorry b. sorosis c. cousin d. course

9. verbose
a. reverberate b. divergent c. verdant d. proverb

10. messieurs
a. madam b. medical c. mature d. mediocre

11. perseverance
a. service b. severity c. several d. servitude

12. aim
a. estuary b. ameliorate c. esteem d. amenable

13. invidious
a. vigilante b. vinegar c. evict d. evidence

14. putative
a. amputation b. compunction c. impure d. pitfall

EXERCISE 3
Translate into Latin.

1. to/for the sisters sorōribus

2. to/for the old man senī

3. by means of love © Bolchazy-Carducci

amōre Publishers, Inc.
4. I love the sister. Sorōrem amō.

5. joy of peace
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gaudium pācis

6. words of the old men verba senum

36 • Latin for the New Millennium

 Mosaic of pheasants.

EXERCISE 4
Change the following direct statements into indirect statements using the accusative and infinitive construction.
Example: Passer manet in gremiō dominae.
Poēta videt passerem manēre in gremiō dominae.

1. Passer est dēliciae puellae.

Poēta putat passerem esse dēliciās puellae.
2. Catullus verba senum ūnīus assis aestimat.
Catullus nārrat sē verba senum ūnīus assis aestimāre.
3. Magna praemia āthlētae dantur.
Poēta videt magna praemia āthlētae darī.
4. Cicero epistulās longās exspectat.
Cicero putat sē epistulās longās exspectāre.
5. Druidēs librōs et litterās nōn amant.
Druidēs, Druidum, m. pl. – Druids

Caesar nārrat Druidēs librōs et litterās nōn amāre.

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Teacher’s Manual • Chapter 7 • 37

 EXERCISE 5
In one of his poems, Catullus tells about the death of his girl’s sparrow. Translate into English the following
adaptation of this story.

Passer puellae est mortuus. Puella dē passere valdē dolet. Multae lacrimae sunt in oculīs puellae. Nam puella
putat sē amīcum bonum nunc nōn habēre. Passer in tenebrīs ambulat. Passer ad puellam nunc ambulāre nōn
potest et in gremiō puellae tenērī nōn potest. Catullus nārrat sē quoque dē passere dolēre. Nam putat oculōs
puellae esse turgidōs.

The sparrow of the girl is dead. The girl really grieves about the sparrow. There are many tears in the eyes of the girl. For
the girl thinks that now she does not have a good friend. The sparrow is walking in the shadows. The sparrow cannot walk
to the girl and cannot be held on the girl’s lap. Catullus tells that he is also hurting (mourning) about the sparrow. For he
thinks that the eyes of the girl are swollen.

mortuus, mortua, mortuum – dead Th is passage is an adaptation of Catullus 3.

quoque – also
turgidus, turgida, turgidum – swollen

EXERCISE 6
In this poem, some believe that Catullus is mocking Cicero. Translate the following adaptation of this poem into
English. Then change all the sentences into indirect statements by beginning with Catullus nārrat.

Ego sum valdē malus poēta et Cicero est valdē bonus ōrātor. Verba Cicerōnis sunt semper pulchra. Cicerōnem
tamen ūnīus assis aestimāre soleō.
Cicero, Cicerōnis, m. – Cicero
ōrātor, ōrātōris, m. – orator

Translation: I am a very bad poet and Cicero is a very good orator.

Indirect Statement: Catullus nārrat sē esse valdē malum poētam et Cicerōnem (esse) valdē bonum ōrātōrem.

Translation: Cicero’s words are always nice.

Indirect Statement: Catullus nārrat verba Cicerōnis esse semper pulchra.

Translation: I, however, am not accustomed to care a bit for Cicero.

Indirect Statement: © Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Inc.

Catullus nārrat sē Cicerōnem tamen ūnīus assis aestimāre solēre.

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Teachers should note Catullus’s irony or sarcasm in this adaptation of Catullus 49: according to some, he appar-
ently says the reverse of what he actually means in the fi rst sentence.

38 • Latin for the New Millennium

 The typical number of nine diners on three couches is shown in this drawing of Romans
assembled in the triclinium for a dinner party.

EXERCISE 7
In one of his poems, Catullus sends a dinner invitation to his friend, but it turns out to be quite a surprising
invitation. Translate into English.

Dēbēs ambulāre ad casam meam, Fabulle, et cēnāre mēcum. Putō nōs posse bonam cēnam habēre. Sed dēbēs
multum cibum portāre. Nam Catullus pecūniam nōn habet et nōn putat sē posse cēnam parāre. Sed Catullus
potest Fabullō mūnera pulchra dare. Itaque Catullus et puella Fabullum exspectant.

You have to walk to my cott age, Fabullus, and dine with me. I think that we can have a good dinner. But you have to
bring lots of food. For Catullus does not have money and does not think that he can prepare a dinner. But Catullus
can give to Fabullus nice gift s. And so Catullus and the girl are expecting Fabullus.

cēna, cēnae, f. – dinner mūnera (acc. pl.) – gift s

cēnō, cēnāre, cēnāvī, cēnātum – to dine nōs (acc.) – we
cibus, cibī, m. – food pecūnia, pecūniae, f. – money
Fabullus, Fabullī, m. – Fabullus portō, portāre, portāvī, portātum – to carry
mēcum – with me
© Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Inc.
Th is passage is an adaptation of Catullus 13.
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Teacher’s Manual • Chapter 7 • 39

 CONTENT QUESTIONS
After completing Chapter 7, answer these questions.

1. To what group of poets did Catullus belong?

Neoterics, or new poets.

2. What trend in Latin literature did Catullus start?

Catullus started the trend of love elegy.

3. With what word did Catullus and the elegiac poets after him typically describe the woman they adored?
Domina or mistress.

4. What is characteristic of the nominative singular of the nouns of the third declension?
It follows no regular pattern of formation.

5. What kinds of verbs introduce an indirect statement?

Verbs of saying, thinking, and observing.

6. With what conjunction is the indirect statement usually translated in English?

With the conjunction “that.”

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40 • Latin for the New Millennium