WELCOME
6VC
Literature
LESSON 2
WELCOME
6VC
Literature
LESSON 2
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SE2 = Literature 2 Classroom:
Go to English > Tests > SE2– Literature 2
open questions about the five topics: * lesson * 5 lessons / 5 powerpoints
1: Middle Ages
* Lesson 2: Renaissance
* Lesson 3: 18th century SE2 = wk 49
* Lesson 4: 19th century
* Lesson 5: 20th century
Lesson 2 – Renaissance (1500 – 1688)
Today:
1. Renaissance
2. Henry VIII
3. Elizabeth I
4. Life in England - Poor Laws
5. 1603 – 1649 > James and Charles 6.
1649 – 1660 > Republic and Restoration Homework: * study
7. 1660 – 1688 > Glorious Revolution 8. lessons 1+2 * do
Literature assignments lessons 1+2
Get your
notebook and pen and take notes
1. Renaissance
• started in Florence, Italy, late 14th century => after the dark period of The
Middle Ages a new era dawned, a rebirth and revival of ideas from Greek and
Latin antiquity
• 'rebirth' of Classical values in art, literature and philosophy •
English Renaissance was a cultural and artistic movement in 16th C. •
Height was during Elizabethan Era (1550-1600)
✓art => Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo
✓science => Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo Galilei, Copernicus,
mathematics ✓navigation / geography => discoverers => world maps /
cartographers ✓religion => Erasmus, Martin Luther, John Calvin
✓inventions => printing, paper, compass, gunpowder
1. Renaissance
Michelangelo - The creation of Adam Leonardo Da Vinci – Vitruvian
Man
Rafael – The School of Athens
2. Henry VIII
* king from 1509 – 1547
* married six times
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MtqbscBb9h0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-fadCAHjN-s
=> broke with Roman Catholic church in 1534 over his wish to have his
marriage with wife 1 annulled => separation of Church of England from papal
authority and he declared himself Supreme Head of the Church of England
3. Elizabeth I
* queen 1558 – 1603
* daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ddB20U1hQt0
=>1559: Elizabeth I finally settled this and Church of England was 'born' (Anglican
Church) - Protestant, but with Catholic aspects
=> 1588: England defeats Spanish Armada
=> no children > no heir > end of Tudor dynasty > House of Stuart takes over crown
(Scottish royalty)
=> Elizabethan Era: flourishing of English drama (Shakespeare);
golden age of culture and exploration
4. Life in England 1560-1600
=> population grew from 2 million to 4.5 million
=> trade and industry grew rapidly
=> gap between very rich and very poor widened
=> jobs were difficult to find
Life of poor people
- simple huts with one or two rooms; floor: hard earth; mattress: straw - diet: bread,
cheese, onion – one cooked meal a day: grain, vegetables (meat) - beer/ale - outbreaks of
plague were common
- games: gambling (dice) - football – cockfighting and bear-baiting
4. Poor Laws – 1530 - 1572
Poor Laws – why:
• fears that the ‘social order’ might be threatened
• crime
• fears that the poor might spread disease
• landowners giving more to the poor
Poor Laws – what:
• taxes were collected to help the poor and unemployed ('impotent poor') • 'able-
bodied poor' who did not want to work could be whipped or even put to death •
Vagabond Acts (1572)
=> start of modern welfare system
5. 1603 – 1649 => James and Charles
* 1603: James I, King of Scotland, becomes King of England and King of Ireland
too
* first monarch to be called 'King of Great Britain'
* target of the Gunpowder Plot (5 November)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-
s6vgpVHAkg
• Puritans => Mayflower – 1620
* James successor was his son: Charles I
reigned from 1625 – 1649 (beheaded)
6. 1649 – 1660 => Republic and Restoration
* Charles I was tyrannical monarch and married a Roman Catholic => Civil
War (1642 – 1649) => executed for high treason
Oliver Cromwell - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sV2hfy4wqQo *
general on the parliamentary side in the English Civil War against Charles I
* had become a Member of Parliament in 1640
* as from 1643 military leader
* when Charles I was beheaded in 1649, the British Isles were declared a
Republic
* Cromwell died in 1660 and monarchy was restored =>
Restoration * King Charles II (son of Charles I who had fled to
France)
7. 1660 – 1688 => Glorious Revolution
* Charles II - The Merry Monarch
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FA5abHKvUBQ
* successor was James II, devout Catholic => afraid of a renewal of the Civil War,
parliament asked the Dutch protestant William of Orange (who was married to
Mary, daughter of James II and a protestant too) to replace James II.
* he landed in Devon in 1688
* James II had prepared an attack, but it all failed > he fled to
France * Glorious or Bloodless Revolution > little violence and
bloodshed * William of Orange => King William III of England
8. Literature – Elizabethan Theatre
* combined mediaeval traditions (devils, clowns, song, dance) with classical
forms and disciplines (tragedy, comedy)
* provided entertainment for all classes,
played on national pride and showed
versatility of the English language
* themes => discussion of moral, religious
and political issues in an entertaining way
* theatre companies built permanent theatres
• The Globe, London
8. Literature – Shakespeare
* 1564 – 1616, Stratford-upon-Avon
* wrote comedies, tragedies, historical chronicles and sonnets.
Sonnets: Features:
- Time is a common theme
- English variant of verse form; a two-lined conclusion
Romeo and Juliet (1597)
- Neither a comedy nor a tragedy; a romantic comedy
- Balcony scene; integral part of our global heritage
- Basis for numerous later works; e.g. musical West Side Story.
- Plot; Romeo Montague & Juliet Capulet fall in love, quarrel between their families, Verona &
love.
