CONTENT
S.NO TOPIC PAGENO.
1 Introduction 2-3
2 Literature Review 4-5
3 Objective of the study 6
4 Research Methodology 7
5 Need of the Swachh Bharat 8-10
mission
6 Objective of SBM 11-12
7 Namami Gange programme 13-20
8 Ghat Development 21-23
9 Crematoria Development 24-25
10 Ganga River Basin management 26
Plan
11 Biodiversity Conservation 26
12 Conclusion 27
13 References 28
1
Chapter 1
Introduction
Swachh Bharat (Clean India) Mission was launched by our
Hon. Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi on October 2, 2014,
with Mahatma Gandhi as the inspiration, to create a clean India
of his dream by 2019, on his 150th birth anniversary. He quoted
the words of M.K Gandhi "Sanitation is more important than
Independence".
Government of India launch this movement to solve the
sanitation and waste management problem and make India a
clean country. The basic objective behind the Swachh Bharat
Mission is to create sanitation facilities for all and eliminate
completely the unhealthy practice of open defecation. It aims
to provide every rural family with a toilet by 2019.
Prime Minister started this "Clean India Campaign" from the
Valmiki Basti in New Delhi. Millions of people across the
country are also joined the cleanliness initiatives of government
departments, NGOs and local community centres to make India
completely clean by 2019. Our PM emphasized that work of
cleaning India cannot be done by one person, or, by government
functionaries alone- it has to be done by 125 crore people. He
urged people to devote 10 hours every year towards the cause
of cleanliness.
Swachh Bharat would make a significant impact on public
health and in safeguarding the income of the poor, ultimately
contribute to the national economy. Modi Ji invited nine public
figures: Goa Governor Mridula Sinha, Cricket legend Sachin
2
Tendulkar, Yoga guru Baba Ramdev, Congress law maker and
former union minister Shashi Tharoor, Actor Kamal Hasan,
Priyanka Chopra, Salman Khan, Industrialist Anil Ambani,
Team of popular TV serial Tarak Mehta Ka Oolta Chashma.
Union Ministry of Rural Development and Drinking Water and
Sanitation announced that Rs. 20 Lakh will be given to every
village in the country per annum to achieve the goal of clean
India by 2nd October, 2019 and the money will remain
deposited in every Gram Panchayat for cleaning purpose. The
Ministry had already announced 1, 34,000 crore rupees for
construction of about 11 crore 11 lakh toilets in the country in
five years, besides taking other cleanliness measures.
FIGURE 1: TAGLINE OF SBM (google.com)
3
Chapter 2
Literature Review
Tiwari (2014) studied the objective of Swachh Bharat
Mission. The study also focused on awareness level of
this National Mission on Swachh Bharat: Swachh
Vidyalaya in the middle school students of public and
private schools.
Evne (2014) studied the objective of Swachh Bharat
Abhiyan. The study mainly focused on impact of Swachh
Bharat Mission on Dalit Community in India. The study
concluded that every citizen of the country should be
clean and have hygiene and think of progress rather than
waiting for government to make this plan successful.
Badra and Sharma (2015) studied the managerial
implication of Swachh Bharat Campaign. The study also
suggested the measures to increase participation and
effectiveness of Swachh Bharat drive. The study
concluded that teamwork and patriotism are values
which the government wishes to inculcate among
students and ordinary citizens. The active involvement of
celebrities in neighborhood initiatives lends credence to
the drive.
Rao and Subbarao (2015) studied the issues and
concerns of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan. The study also
focused on Gandhian concept of sanitation. The study
4
concluded that it is the opportunity and responsibility of
the citizens, media, social media, civil society,
organizations, professionals, youths, students, and
teachers to declare their ownership of the campaign by
simply reporting the instances of manual scavenging.
Thakkar (2015) studied the objective, merits and
importance of Swachh Bharat Mission. The study also
focused on impact of Swachh Bharat Mission on health
and education sectors. The study concluded that the
mission of Clean India or Green India is an appreciable
step of Modi Government.
5
Chapter 3
Objective of the Study
i. To study the need of swachh bharat mission
ii. To study the objective of swachh bharat mission
iii. To study the impact of swachh bharat mission
FIGURE2 :- ACTIVITY OF SBM (google.com)
6
Chapter 4
Research Methodology
The study is based on secondary sources of data
or information.
Different books, newspapers and relevant websites
like mrunal.org, ScienceDirect and Govt. Publications
have been consulted in order to make the study
effective one. The study attempts to examine the
impact of Swachh Bharat Mission on various sectors
of India. The study also focused on need and objective
of SBM.
7
Chapter 5
Need of Swachh Bharat Mission
The need for maintaining the right cleanliness,
sanitation and hygiene in any country/ community is
very essential. It is perhaps the most basic step for
preventing the diseases.Young children are mainly
affected by poor hygiene/cleanliness and diarrhea as
well malnutrition are two leading causes of under-5
deaths in India. According to a study by WHO, lack of
cleanliness leads to an annual loss of over Rs. 6500
every year to each Indian. Unhygienic surroundings
are the main reason behind several diseases that are
prevalent in the country. A UN report has said that
currently, nearly 60 percent of India's population
practice open defecation which puts them at risk of
diseases like cholera, diarrhea, typhoid.
FIGURE 3:- Before SBM (google.com)
8
The water of river Ganga is also unsafe for bathing
because it contains fecal coliform bacteria (120 times
higher than the permitted levels) in large amounts and
again the reason is open defecation in our country.
World Bank report in 2006 also said that, India losses
6.4% GDP annually because of the poor hygiene and
sanitation. It is therefore imperative to have sanitation
and hygiene intact, both at personal and community
level, to improve health of masses.
To promote robust maintenance of cleanliness, the
Department of School Education and Literacy,
Ministry of Human Resource Development,
Government of India has flagged a leaflet Swachh
Bharat and Swachh Vidyalaya Campaign detailing the
number of government schools without toilets the
average cost of constructions, maintenance and repair
of toilet blocks and inviting donor individuals or
corporates or institutions. This is not a new initiative
by current government, earlier UPA government also
launched Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan which became
integral part of Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC).
The main aim of Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan was to
provide universal household sanitation coverage by
2012 but it did not create the desired impact even
though money poured from government coffers.
9
So, Modi government led the launch of Clean India
Mission on Mahatma Gandhi birthday (2nd October,
2014) with the aims to provide every rural family with
a toilet by 2019.
rhe programme covers 4041 statutory towns of the
country to 21ean their roads, streets and other public
infrastructure. A whopping 3 million Indian students
and government employees took part in this event.
Apart from cleanliness and disease- prevention, the
Clean India campaign also lead to notable economic
development of the country.
FIGURE 4:- Water Pollution (google.com)
10
Chapter 6
Objective of the Swachh bharat mission
Advocating the idea of Clean India, Prime Minister
Modi had said, ''The pursuit of cleanliness can be an
economic activity, contributing to GDP growth,
reduction in healthcare costs, and a source of
employment." There are various objectives of Swachh
Bharat Mission given as follow:
Elimination the open defecation.
Conversion of unsanitary toilets to pour
flush toilets.
100 percent collection and scientific
processing/ disposal reuse/ recycle of
Municipal Solid Waste.
To bring about a behavioral change in the
people regarding healthy sanitation practices.
Generate awareness among the citizens
about sanitation and its linkages with public
health.
Strengthening of urban local bodies to
design, execute and operate systems.
To create enabling environment for
private sector participationin Capital
11
Expenditure and Operation & Maintenance
(O&M) costs.
Recruitment of a staunch ground staff to
bring about a big behavioral change in people
and promote the use of latrines at a micro-
level.
This mission will help to make clean India's tourist
destination which will bring more people and will
also bring a paradigm shift in the country's global
perception.
FIGURE 5:- Door to Door waste collection
(google.com)
12
Namami Gange Programme
'Namami Gange Programme', is an Integrated
Conservation Mission, approved as 'Flagship
Programme' by the Union Government in June
2014 with budget outlay of Rs.20,000 Crore to
accomplish the twin objectives of effective
abatement of pollution, conservation and
rejuvenation of National River Ganga.
Main pillars of the Namami Gange Programme
are:-
FIGURE6:-Pillars of Namami gange (google.com)
13
Its implementation has been divided into Entry-
Level Activities (for immediate visible impact),
Medium-Term Activities (to be implemented
within 5 years of time frame) and Long-Term
Activities (to be implemented within 10 years).
The key achievements under Namami Gange
programme are:-
1. Creating Sewerage Treatment Capacity:- 48
sewage management projects are under
implementation and 99 sewage projects have been
completed in the states of Uttarakhand, Uttar
Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Delhi,
Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, and Rajasthan. 27
sewage projects are under tendering and 8 new
sewage projects launched in these states. Work is
under construction for creating a sewerage
capacity of 5658.37 (MLD).
2. Creating River-Front Development:- 71
Ghats/Crematoria projects for construction,
modernization, and renovation of 270
Ghats/Crematoria and Kunds/Ponds have been
initiated.
3. River Surface Cleaning: -River Surface
cleaning for collection of floating solid waste from
14
the surface of the Ghats and River and its disposal
are afoot and pushed into service at 11 locations.
4. Bio-Diversity Conservation:- One of NMCG's
long-term visions for Ganga rejuvenation is to
restore viable populations of all endemic and
endangered biodiversity of the river, so that they
occupy their full historical range and fulfil their
role in
maintaining the integrity of the Ganga river
ecosystems. To address this, Wildlife Institute of
India (WII), Dehradun, Central
Inland Fisheries Research Institute (CIFRI),
Kolkata & Uttar Pradesh State Forest Department
has been awarded projects to develop science -
based aquatic species restoration plan for Ganga
River by involving multiple stakeholders along
with conservation & restoration of aquatic
biodiversity.
As per the field research conducted by WII, high
biodiversity areas have been identified in river
Ganga for focused conservation action, rescue &
rehabilitation centers have been established for the
rescued aquatic biodiversity, cadre of volunteers
(Ganga Praharis) have been developed and trained
to support conservation actions in the field,
floating interpretation centre "Ganga Tarini" and
15
interpretation centre "Ganga Darpan" have been
established for developing awareness on
biodiversity conservation and Ganga rejuvenation,
key ecosystem services of Ganga river have been
identified and an assessment framework
developed to strengthen the environmental
services in the river basin.
CIFRI has carried out the assessment of fish and
fisheries in the basin to record the available fish
species and has mapped it in GIS platform to
understand the status and distribution of fishes in
Ganga. Tagging procedures has also been initiated
to
see the migration pattern of identified fish like
Hilsa. CIFRI is also conducting ranching and
awareness programmes at various locations in the
river basin for conservation and restoration of
Indian Major Carps (IMC) & Mahseer in Ganga.
Further, the Uttar Pradesh State Forest Department
is implementing the 'Expansion of conservation
breeding program of freshwater turtles and Gharial
at Kukrail Gharial Rehabilitation Centre,
Lucknow' which will help in revival and
restoration of Gharials and turtles in the Ganga
basin.
16
5. Afforestation:- One of the major components
of Ganga rejuvenation is 'forestry interventions' to
enhance the productivity and diversity of the
forests in head water areas and all along the river
and its tributaries. Accordingly, Forest Research
Institute (FRI), Dehradun prepared a Detailed
Project Report (DPR) for afforestation in an area of
1,34,106 hectares in the Ganga river bank states of
Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand and
West Bengal at an estimated cost of Rs. 2293.73
Crores. The FRI DPR provides for taking up works
under four major heads viz. Natural landscape,
Agriculture landscape, Urban landscape and
Conservation interventions.
The main purpose of the proposed forestry
interventions is to contribute towards holistic
conservation of river Ganga, including improving
the flow in the river (Aviralta) by adopting a multi-
pronged approach throughout the pre-defined
Ganga rrverscape. The project of "Forestry
Interventions for Ganga" is being implemented by
State Forest Departments of Uttarakhand, Uttar
Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, and West Bengal as per
the FRI DPR since year 2016-17, for which
NMCG is providing financial support to the
respective State Forest Departments.
17
6. Public Awareness:- A series of activities such
as events, workshops, seminars and conferences
and numerous IEC activities were organized to
make a strong pitch for public outreach and
community participation in the programme.
Various awareness activities through rallies,
campaigns, exhibitions, shram daan, cleanliness
drives, competitions, plantation drives and
development and distribution of resource materials
were organized and for wider publicity the mass
mediums such as TV/Radio, print media
advertisements, advertorials, featured articles and
advertorials were published. Gange Theme song
was released widely and played on digital media to
enhance the visibility of the programme. NMCG
ensured presence at Social Media platforms like
Facebook, Twitter, You Tube etc.
7. Industrial Effluent Monitoring:- The number
of Grossly Polluting Industries (GPIs) in April,
2019 are 1072. Regulation and enforcement
through regular and surprise inspections of GPIs is
carried out for compliance verification against
stipulated environmental norms. The GPIs are also
inspected on annual basis for compliance
verification of the pollution norms and
process modification, wherever required through
third party technical institutes. First round of
18
inspection of GPIs by the third-party technical
institutes has been carried out in 2017. Second
round of inspection of GPIs has been completed in
2018. Out of 961 GPIs inspected in 2018, 636 are
complying, 110 are non-complying and 215 are
self-closed. Action has been taken against 110
non-complying GPIs and are issued closure
directions under Section 5 of the E(P) Act. Online
Continuous Effluent Monitoring Stations
(OCEMS) connectivity established to CPCB
server in 885 out of 1072 GPIs.
8. Ganga Gram:- Ministry of Drinking Water and
Sanitation (MoDWS) identified 1674 Gram
Panchayats situated on the bank of River Ganga in
5State(Uttarakhand,UttarPradesh,Bihar,Jharkhand,
West Bengal). Rs. 578 Crores has been released to
Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation
(MoDWS) for construction of toilets in 1674 Gram
Panchayats of 5 Ganga Basin States. Out of the
targeted 15, 27,105 units, MoDWS has completed
construction of 8, 53,397 toilets. Consortium of 7
11Ts has been engaged in the preparation of
Ganga River basin Plan and 65 villages has been
adopted by 13 11Ts to develop as model villages.
UNDP has been engaged as the executing agency
for rural sanitation programme and to develop
19
Jharkhand as a model State at an estimated cost of
Rs. 127 Crore.
National Mission for Clean Ganga, endeavors to
deploy best available knowledge and resources
across the world for Ganga
rejuvenation. Clean Ganga has been a perennial
attraction for many international countries that
have expertise in river rejuvenation. Countries
such as Australia, United Kingdom, Germany,
Finland, Israel etc. have shown interest in
collaborating with India for Ganga rejuvenation.
Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) were
signed with various Central Ministries viz.-
Ministry of Human Resource Development,
Ministry of Rural Development, Ministry of
Railways, Ministry of Shipping, Ministry of
Tourism, Ministry of Ayush, Ministry of
Petroleum, Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports,
Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation and
Ministry of Agriculture for synergizing the
Government schemes.
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
Chapter 7
Conclusion
The present study based on descriptive analysis
examined the need, objective and impact of
Swachh Bharat Mission on India's overall
economic development. The study finds out that
this campaign has a positive impact on overall
growth of India. Swachh Bharat Mission is one of
the critical links towards economic success of
India. This mission cannot be successful without
the support of each and every Indian. PM also
asserted that Swachh Bharat Abhiyan should be a
combined effort of government as well as people.
Swachh Bharat Mission will financially benefit
each and every citizen of India. It is the
responsibility of every citizen of India to make this
mission successful till 150th birth anniversary of
Mahatma Gandhi 2 October, 2019.
27
References
Badra and Sharma (2015). „MANAGEMENT LESSONS
FROM SWACHH BHARAT MISSION", International
Journal of Advance Research in Science and
Engineering, Vol. No.4, Special Issue (01). March 2015.
Evne (2014). "SWACHH BHARAT MISSION AND DALIT
COMMUNITY DEVLOPMENT IN INDIA",International
Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, Volume 2,
Issue.9, September 2014
Rao and Subbarao (2015). "Swachh Bharat: Some
Issues and Concerns", International Journal of
Academic Research ISSN: 2348- 7666: Vol.2, Issue4 (4).
October-December, 2015
Thakkar (2015). "SWACHH BHARAT [CLEAN INDIA]
MISSION -AN ANALYTICAL STUDY" Renewable
Research Journal, Volume3 Issue 2 Page 168
Tiwari (2014). "To Study Awareness of a National
Mission: Swachh Bharat: Swachh Vidyalaya in the
Middle School Student of Private and Public Schools.
INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH. Volume: 3 Issue: 12 |
Dec 2014
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