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New crimes, old tools: On holding cyber fraudsters accountable

Fraudsters thrive when they do not fear prosecution; it is time to put them on notice

At the Conference of Director Generals of Police last weekend, Prime Minister Narendra Modi
addressed the growing menace of cybercrime in India, particularly digital frauds and non-consensual
intimate deepfakes. Unlike traditional crimes like petty theft, organised digital frauds are not merely
the work of financially desperate individuals; they represent a new class of criminals equipped with a
variety of tools. Vulnerable telecom infrastructure — ill-prepared for the overwhelming volume of
calls and messages from malicious fraudsters — creates fertile ground for cybercrime. These criminals
also employ ingenious techniques that constantly stay a step ahead of underprepared law
enforcement and security systems. More troubling is the strong network of relationships these
fraudsters cultivate with local police in key hotspots, which enables them to carry out their activities
with a sense of impunity. The consequences of this rampant cybercrime are grave. Thousands of
ordinary citizens face the constant threat of losing their life savings after a single ill-advised phone call
or message. It is therefore encouraging that the highest levels of government are addressing this
critical issue and pushing for action from those most equipped to combat it.

But talk alone will not solve the problem. It is crucial to pursue aggressive prosecutions with integrity,
transparency, and wide publicity. The growing number of these criminals is both a threat and an
opportunity: while their continued operations reflect poorly on the law enforcement and public
safety apparatus, it also provides a window for significant breakthroughs in investigations and
successful convictions. Holding these fraudsters accountable sends an important message — this is
not a simple “call centre job” with questionable ethics, but a serious crime that is not worth the risk.
Public awareness is another powerful tool in combating cybercrime. Cyber fraudsters constantly
evolve their methods and adopt new personas to deceive unsuspecting victims. Alerting the public —
repeatedly, creatively, and patiently — that they are at risk of losing money to fraudsters is an
essential policy intervention. A little healthy scepticism could prevent many people from falling prey
to scams. As the government pushes for universal banking and greater access to digital services, it is
critical that these advances do not become vulnerabilities for ordinary people. The issue of non-
consensual intimate imagery is also pressing. With advances in artificial intelligence, criminals can
now use deepfake technology to place ordinary individuals’ faces into pornographic content, causing
great harm. But it is a matter of some comfort that though these crimes are new, the tools to combat
them remain familiar: a mix of awareness and preventive measures. [Practice Exercise]

 Red/blue coloring of words in the sentence indicates subject verb relationship; where ‘red’
denotes ‘subject’ and ‘blue’ denotes ‘verb’.

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Vocabulary
1. Hold accountable (phrase) – Make 13. Vulnerable (adjective) – Exposed, susceptible,
responsible, hold liable, demand answers defenseless, at risk
from, require to answer for
14. Infrastructure (noun) – Basic systems,
2. Thrive (verb) – Prosper, flourish, succeed, framework, foundation, facilities
grow strongly
15. Ill-prepared (adjective) – Unprepared,
3. Prosecution (noun) – Legal proceedings, trial, inadequately prepared, underprepared,
legal action, indictment poorly equipped

4. Address (verb) – Tackle, deal with, attend to, 16. Overwhelming (adjective) – Enormous,
confront , immense, overpowering, excessive

5. Menace (noun) – Threat, danger, hazard, peril 17. Malicious (adjective) – Harmful, spiteful,
malevolent, evil-minded

6. Non-consensual (adjective) – Without 18. Fertile (adjective) – Productive, conducive,

agreement, without consent, unauthorized, fruitful, rich
involuntary
19. Employ (verb) – Use, utilize, apply, make use
7. Intimate (adjective) – Private, personal, of
confidential, close
20. Ingenious (adjective) – Clever, inventive,
8. Unlike (preposition) – Different from, in resourceful, innovative
contrast to, dissimilar to, not like
21. Enforcement (noun) – Implementation,
9. Petty (adjective) – Minor, trivial, insignificant, execution, imposition, upholding ,
small-scale -

10. Merely (adverb) – Only, just, simply, nothing

22. Cultivate (verb) – Develop, foster, nurture,
more than
build

11. Desperate (adjective) – Hopeless, distressed,

23. Hotspot (noun) – High-activity area, hub,
frantic, in dire need
center of activity, trouble spot

12. Equip with (verb) – Provide, furnish, supply,

24. Carry out (phrasal verb) – Execute, perform,
arm with
conduct, implement

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25. Impunity (noun) – Exemption from 36. Conviction (noun) – Declaration of guilt,
punishment, immunity, freedom from sentence, judgment, verdict
consequences
37. Ethic (noun) – Moral principles, values, code
26. Rampant (adjective) – Widespread, of conduct, standards ,
uncontrolled, unchecked, unrestrained
38. Evolve (verb) – Develop, progress, change,
adapt
27. Grave (adjective) – Serious, severe, critical,
alarming 39. Persona (noun) – Character, identity, image,
role
28. Combat (verb) – Fight, battle, confront, tackle
40. Deceive (verb) – Mislead, trick, dupe, cheat

29. Aggressive (adjective) – Forceful, assertive,

vigorous, intensive 41. Scepticism (noun) – Doubt, disbelief,
questioning attitude, suspicion
30. Integrity (noun) – Honesty, moral uprightness,
probity, ethical conduct , 42. Fall prey to (phrase) – Become a victim of, be
harmed by, succumb to
31. Transparency (noun) – Openness, clarity,
accountability, lack of secrecy 43. Push for (verb) – Advocate, promote,
encourage, urge
32. Reflect poorly on (phrase) – Show
unfavorably, give a bad impression of, 44. Vulnerability (noun) – Susceptibility,
discredit, tarnish weakness, exposure, risk

33. Apparatus (noun) – System, structure, 45. Pressing (adjective) – Urgent, critical,
organization, machinery , immediate, important

34. Window (noun) – Opportunity, chance, 46. Combat (verb) – Fight against, oppose,
opening, period , counter, tackle

35. Breakthrough (noun) – Significant 47. Preventive (adjective) – Protective,

advancement, discovery, progress, leap precautionary, preemptive, deterrent
forward

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Summary of the Editorial

1. Cybercrime Growth: Cybercrime in India, including digital frauds and non-consensual
deepfakes, is a growing menace requiring immediate attention.
2. New Class of Criminals: Unlike traditional crimes, organized digital frauds involve sophisticated
criminals equipped with advanced tools.
3. Vulnerable Infrastructure: Weak telecom infrastructure is a key enabler, allowing fraudsters to
exploit high volumes of calls and messages.
4. Innovative Techniques: Cybercriminals stay ahead of law enforcement by constantly evolving
their methods.
5. Local Police Collusion: Fraudsters often establish relationships with local police in key
hotspots, enabling their operations.
6. Economic Consequences: Cybercrime puts citizens at risk of losing their life savings through
deceptive phone calls or messages.
7. Government Attention: The issue has gained priority at the highest levels, with Prime Minister
Modi addressing the threat at the recent DGP Conference.
8. Need for Aggressive Prosecution: Solving the problem requires transparent, high-integrity
prosecutions and publicizing convictions to deter offenders.
9. Window for Breakthroughs: The widespread nature of these crimes offers opportunities for
successful investigations and convictions.
10. Serious Crime Awareness: Fraudsters must be seen as serious criminals rather than unethical
call-center workers.
11. Public Awareness Campaigns: Repeated and creative public awareness efforts are vital to
warn citizens about potential scams.
12. Promoting Scepticism: Encouraging healthy scepticism among citizens can significantly reduce
the risk of falling victim to fraud.
13. Safe Digital Access: As the government promotes universal banking and digital services,
ensuring security is paramount to protect citizens.
14. Deepfake Threats: Advances in AI technology enable the creation of harmful non-consensual
deepfake imagery, causing serious harm to individuals.
15. Familiar Solutions: Though the crimes are new, combating them requires tried-and-tested
tools: awareness, preventive measures, and robust law enforcement.

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Practice Exercise: SSC Pattern Based

1. What is the tone of the passage? [Editorial Page]
A. Sarcastic and dismissive
B. Urgent and cautionary
C. Humorous and light-hearted
D. Indifferent and neutral
2. Which of the following statements is TRUE based on the passage?
i. Cybercriminals primarily operate due to financial desperation.
ii. Vulnerable telecom infrastructure contributes significantly to the rise of cybercrime.
iii. Law enforcement is fully equipped to handle cybercrime.
iv. Cybercriminals rely on outdated methods for fraud.
A. i and iii
B. ii only
C. ii and iv
D. iii and iv
3. What inference can be drawn about the role of government in combating cybercrime?
i. The government has remained indifferent to the issue of cybercrime.
ii. High-level government officials are pushing for action to tackle cybercrime.
iii. Local police are receiving complete support to combat cybercrime.
iv. The government is actively focusing on addressing telecom vulnerabilities.
A. i and iii
B. ii only
C. ii and iv
D. i and iv
4. What role does public awareness play in combating cybercrime, as discussed in the passage?
A. It provides criminals with more innovative methods.
B. It ensures that law enforcement agencies are better trained.
C. It helps prevent people from falling victim to scams.
D. It eliminates the need for digital services.
5. What is the main theme of the passage?
A. The advancement of artificial intelligence in India
B. The relationship between fraudsters and local police
C. The benefits of universal banking and digital services
D. The need for aggressive action against cybercrime and raising public awareness
6. Select the most appropriate synonym of the given word.
Derogatory
A. Salutary
B. Delegation
C. Derivative
D. Insulting
7. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in active voice.
Comic play was performed by the comedian

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A. The comedian do perform a comic play.

B. The comedian performed a comic play.
C. The comedian performs a comic play.
D. The comedian performance a comic play
8. The following sentence has been split into four segments. Identify the segment that contains a
grammatical error.
The company specialises at / designing, crafting and manufacturing / exquisite, high quality furniture /
of exceptional craftsmanship
A. exquisite, high-quality furniture
B. of exceptional craftsmanship
C. designing, crafting and manufacturing
D. the company specialises at
9. Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank.
Raj is very interested in studying human psychology, so he decided to pursue his master’s degree in
__________.
A. Psychology
B. Philosophy
C. Anatomy
D. Archaeology
10. Select the most appropriate ANTONYM of the underlined word to fill in the blank.
Ram failed initially but after a few years, he _________ in every field.
A. enjoyed
B. succeeded
C. reserved
D. elevated
11. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in passive voice.
The research team is conducting experiments on a new drug that could revolutionise the treatment of
the disease.
A. Experiments are conducted on a new drug that could revolutionise the treatment of the disease
from the research team.
B. Experiments were being conducted on a new drug that could revolutionise thetreatment of the
disease by the research team.
C. Experiments have been conducted on a new drug that could have revolutionised the treatment of
the disease through the research team.
D. Experiments are being conducted on a new drug that could revolutionise the treatment of the
disease by the research team.
12. Select the most appropriate synonym of the underlined word.
Our university is affiliated with various institutes all over the world.
A. unalike
B. diverse
C. disparate
D. allied
13. Select the option that can be used as a one-word substitute for the given group of words.
A performer’s first public appearance
A. Foundation

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B. Debut
C. Premise
D. Dawn
14. Select the option that can substitute/replace the bracketed word correctly and complete the
sentence.
If he runs, he (get) there in time
A. has to get
B. is getting
C. got there in time
D. will get
15. Select the most appropriate option that can substitute the underlined part in the following sentence.
The entire speech of the revivalist fell flat with the crowd that was present there
A. had somewhat of a result on
B. had no effect on
C. had moderate influence on
D. had a great impact on
16. Select the most appropriate synonym of the underlined word.
We went to a legitimate Mexican restaurant for my birthday, where they served cuisine like you would
find in Mexico.
A. falsified
B. fictitious
C. productive
D. genuine
17. Select the most appropriate ANTONYM of the given word.
Dissolve
A. Appear
B. Vanish
C. Fade
D. Solve
18. Select the option that can be used as a one-word substitute for the given group of words.
To go through an area making a lot of noise and causing damage
A. Brutality
B. Cacophony
C. Rampage
D. Violence
19. The following sentence contains a word with a spelling error. Rectify the sentence by selecting the
correct spelling of the identified word from the given options.
Later on, he was truely apologetic for his misconduct in the meeting.
A. Truily
B. Treuly
C. Trooly
D. Truly
20. The following sentence has been split into four segments. Identify the segment that contains a
grammatical error.
My dog / barks / very louder / at night

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A. at night
B. my dog
C. barks
D. very louder
Comprehension:
In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the
most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
The Kuno Palpur National Park, located in Madhya Pradesh's Chambal (1)__________, has an area of
750 square kilometres. It now has leopards, jackals, spotted deer, sambhar, neelgai, chinkara, wild
boar, and four-horned antelope, making it a perfect (2)_________ base for felids. Despite strong
objections from Gujarat, which (3)_________ that lions were part of the state's heritage, that MP had a
poor (4)________ in wildlife management, and that
Kuno Palpur had other big cat species that would (5)___________ lion relocation, the sanctuary was
chosen for the lion reintroduction project in 2013.
21. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 1.
A. region
B. river
C. reign
D. reason
22. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 2.
A. guard
B. fun
C. prey
D. aid
23. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 3.
A. accused
B. claimed
C. restricted
D. adjourned
24. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 4.
A. loss
B. record
C. summary
D. gaze
25. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 5.
A. Jeopardise
B. channelise
C. Innocuous
D. safeguard

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Answers
1. B 2. B 3.C 4. C 5.D 6. D 7. B 8. D 9. A 10.B 11.D
12. D 13. B 14.D 15.B 16.D 17.A 18.C 19.D 20.D 21.A 22.C
23. B 24.B 25. A [Practice Exercise]
Explanations
1. B) Urgent and cautionary.
The passage adopts an urgent and cautionary tone, emphasizing the immediate need for
aggressive action against cybercrime and raising public awareness. It warns about the grave
consequences of digital frauds and deepfakes, urging both law enforcement and the public to
take proactive measures.
A is incorrect because the passage is serious and does not use sarcasm or dismiss the issue.
C is incorrect as there is no humor or light-heartedness; the topic is treated with gravity.
D is incorrect because the passage is neither indifferent nor neutral; it conveys concern and
urgency.
2. B) ii only
ii is true: The passage explicitly mentions that vulnerable telecom infrastructure creates fertile
ground for cybercrime, making this statement correct.
i is false: The passage clearly states that cybercriminals are not merely desperate individuals
but belong to a new class equipped with advanced tools.
iii is false: It is stated that law enforcement is underprepared to tackle cybercrime, making this
statement incorrect.
iv is false: The passage highlights that cybercriminals use ingenious and advanced techniques,
not outdated methods.
3. C) ii and iv
ii is correct: The passage explicitly mentions that the highest levels of government, including
the Prime Minister, are addressing the issue and pushing for action.
iv is correct: The passage highlights vulnerabilities in telecom infrastructure, implying the
government is focusing on this issue as part of combating cybercrime.
i is incorrect: The government is actively addressing cybercrime, so the claim of indifference is
false.
iii is incorrect: While local police are mentioned, the passage points out their complicity in
aiding cybercriminals in key hotspots, not their complete support for combating the issue.
4. C) It helps prevent people from falling victim to scams.
The passage clearly states that public awareness, combined with healthy skepticism, is
essential in preventing people from falling prey to cyber scams.
A: Public awareness is aimed at countering fraudsters, not aiding them in innovation.
B: Training law enforcement is not directly linked to public awareness in the passage.
D: The passage suggests ensuring digital services are safe, not eliminating them
5. D) The need for aggressive action against cybercrime and raising public awareness.

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The main theme centers on combating the growing threat of cybercrime in India through
aggressive prosecutions and enhanced public awareness. The passage highlights the urgency
of addressing digital frauds and non-consensual deepfakes by leveraging familiar tools like
legal action and education.
A is incorrect because, while AI is mentioned, it's in the context of deepfakes, not general
advancement.
C is incorrect as the passage discusses digital services in terms of potential vulnerabilities, not
benefits.
B is incorrect because, although the relationship between fraudsters and local police is
mentioned, it's a supporting point, not the main theme.
6. D) Derogatory (adjective) – Showing a critical or disrespectful attitude, demeaning, belittling,
insulting. अपमानजनक
Synonym: Insulting (adjective) – Disrespectful, offensive, demeaning. अपमानजनक
Salutary (adjective) – Beneficial, advantageous, producing good effects. लाभकारी
Delegation (noun) – A group of representatives or the act of assigning responsibility.
प्रतितनतधमंडल
Derivative (adjective) – Something that is based on another source, not original. व्युत्पन्न
7. B) The comedian performed a comic play
Passive Active Voice , Passive Subject ( )
Active Object Verb Passive Active Tense
Passive "A comic play" Subject , "was performed" Verb (Past Simple
Passive) , औ "by the comedian" Agent Active Agent "The comedian" Subject
, Verb "performed" (Past Simple Active) , औ Object "A comic play"

To change a sentence from Passive to Active Voice, the subject of the passive sentence
becomes the object of the active sentence, and the agent becomes the subject. The verb is
transformed from the passive form to the active form, ensuring correct tense usage. In this
case, "A comic play" (Subject), "was performed" (Verb in Past Simple Passive), and "by the
comedian" (Agent) from the passive voice have been transformed into "The comedian"
(Subject), "performed" (Verb in Past Simple Active), and "a comic play" (Object)..
8. D) specialises at' के बदले 'specialises in' का प्रयोग होगा क्योंकक 'specialise' के साथ हमेशा
preposition 'in' का प्रयोग होिा है जब ककसी तिशेष क्षेत्र या गतितितध का उल्लेख होिा है; जैस—
े The
company specialises in making electronic gadgets.
'specialises in' will be used instead of 'specialises at' because 'specialise' always takes the
preposition 'in' when referring to a particular area or activity; Like— The company specialises
in making electronic gadgets.

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9. A) 'Psychology' का उपयोग होगा क्योंकक 'Psychology' का अथथ होिा है मानि मततिष्क और व्यिहार का
अध्ययन करना, और यहााँ sentence में mention है कक राज को मानि मनोतिज्ञान में गहरी रुति है, इसतलए
उन्होंने मनोतिज्ञान में अपनी मातटर तडग्री करने का तनर्थय तलया। जबकक 'Philosophy' का अथथ है दशथन,
'Anatomy' का अथथ है शरीर की संरिना का अध्ययन, और 'Archaeology' का अथथ है प्रािीन सभ्यिाओं का
अध्ययन, जो इस संदभथ में सही नहीं है।
'Psychology' will be used because it refers to the study of the human mind and behavior. The
sentence mentions that Raj is very interested in human psychology, so he decided to pursue
his master's degree in this field, making 'Psychology' the most appropriate choice. Whereas
'Philosophy' means the study of knowledge and existence, 'Anatomy' refers to the study of
body structure, and 'Archaeology' is the study of ancient civilizations, which are not suitable
here.
10. B) Succeeded (verb) – Achieve the desired aim or result, accomplish, triumph, win. सफल होना
Antonym: Failed (verb) – Be unsuccessful in achieving one's goal, collapse, lose. तिफल होना
Enjoyed (verb) – Take delight or pleasure in something. आनंद तलया
Reserved (adjective) – Slow to reveal emotions or opinions, withdrawn, shy. संकोिी
Elevated (verb) – Raised or lifted up, promoted, uplifted. उन्नि
11. D) Experiments are being conducted on a new drug that could revolutionise the treatment of
the disease by the research team.
Active Passive Voice , Active Object Passive Subject
Verb Active Passive Tense Active
"The research team" Subject , "is conducting" Verb (Present Continuous) औ
"experiments" Object Passive Object "Experiments" Subject , Verb
"are being conducted" (Present Continuous Passive) औ "by the research team"

To change a sentence from Active to Passive Voice, the object of the active sentence becomes
the subject of the passive sentence. The verb is transformed from the active form to the
passive form, ensuring correct tense usage. In this case, "The research team" (Subject), "is
conducting" (Verb in Present Continuous), and "experiments" (Object) from the active voice
have been transformed into "Experiments" (Subject), "are being conducted" (Passive Verb in
Present Continuous), and "by the research team" (Agent).
12. D) Affiliated (adjective) – Officially attached or connected to an organization, associated,
linked. संलग्न
Synonym: Allied (adjective) – Joined by or related to an alliance, united, associated. सहयोगी
Unalike (adjective) – Different from each other, dissimilar. अलग
Diverse (adjective) – Showing a great deal of variety, different, varied. तितिध

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Disparate (adjective) – Essentially different in kind, distinct, contrasting. तिपरीि

13. B) Debut (noun) – A performer’s first public appearance पहली सािथजतनक प्रतिुति
Foundation (noun) – the basis or groundwork of anything; आधार
Premise (noun) – a previous statement or proposition from which another is inferred; प्रतिािना
Dawn (noun) – the first appearance of light in the sky before sunrise; प्रभाि
14. D) will get' का प्रयोग 'get' के बदले होगा क्योंकक 'if' Clause में Future का संकेि तमल रहा है, इसतलए
मुख्य Clause में Future Tense का प्रयोग उतिि होगा; जैस— े If he runs fast, he will reach the station
on time.
'will get' will be used instead of 'get' because the 'if' clause indicates the Future, so it is
appropriate to use the Future Tense in the main clause; Like— If he runs fast, he will reach the
station on time.
15. B) fell flat with' के बदले 'had no effect on' का प्रयोग होगा क्योंकक िाक्य का अथथ यह बिािा है कक
पुनरुद्धारक का भाषर् िहां उपततथि भीड़ पर कोई प्रभाि नहीं डाल पाया। 'fell flat with' का अथथ होिा है
कक ककसी िीज़ ने अपेतक्षि प्रभाि नहीं डाला, और यह संदभथ तपष्ट रूप से यही बिा रहा है। इस प्रकार, 'had
no effect on' सबसे उपयुक्त तिकल्प है।
'had no effect on' will be used instead of 'fell flat with' because the sentence indicates that the
revivalist's speech did not have any impact on the crowd present. The phrase 'fell flat with'
means that something did not have the expected impact, and this context clearly suggests the
same. Therefore, 'had no effect on' is the most appropriate option.
16. D) Legitimate (adjective) – Conforming to the law or rules, authentic, lawful, valid. िैध
Synonym: Genuine (adjective) – Authentic, real, sincere, true. असली
Falsified (adjective) – Altered or represented falsely, counterfeit, fake. झूठा
Fictitious (adjective) – Imaginary, invented, unreal, made-up. काल्पतनक
Productive (adjective) – Yielding positive results, fruitful, efficient. उत्पादक
17. A) Dissolve (verb) – To make or become liquid, to disintegrate, to disappear. घुलना, तिलीन होना
Antonym: Appear (verb) – To become visible, to come into sight, to be seen. प्रकट होना
Vanish (verb) – To disappear suddenly or entirely, to fade away. गायब होना
Fade (verb) – To gradually lose brightness, color, or clarity. मुरझाना, फीका पड़ना
Solve (verb) – To find a solution or answer to a problem. हल करना
18. C) Rampage (noun) – To go through an area making a lot of noise and causing damage. उत्पाि
Brutality (noun) – savage physical violence; great cruelty. क्रूरिा
Cacophony (noun) – a harsh, discordant mixture of sounds. ककथ श ध्ितन
Violence (noun) – behavior involving physical force intended to hurt, damage, or kill someone
or something. हहसा
19. D) The correct spelling of ‘Truely’ is ‘Truly’ which means "in a truthful way; genuinely" (सच्चाई
से, िातिि में)

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20. D) very louder' के बदले 'very loudly' का प्रयोग होगा क्योंकक 'louder' Comparative Adjective है,
जबकक यहां Adverb की आिश्यकिा है जो 'barks' (verb) को modify करे ; जैस— े The child speaks very
loudly.
'very loudly' will be used instead of 'very louder' because 'louder' is a Comparative Adjective,
while here an Adverb is needed to modify the verb 'barks'; Like— The child speaks very loudly.
21. A) Region' का उपयोग ककया जाएगा क्योंकक "region" का अथथ है एक भौगोतलक क्षेत्र। Sentence में Kuno
Palpur National Park के तथान का तजक्र ककया गया है, जो एक तिशेष भौगोतलक क्षेत्र में ततथि है, इसतलए
'region' यहााँ सही है। जबकक 'river' का अथथ है नदी, 'reign' का अथथ है शासनकाल, और 'reason' का अथथ है
कारर्, जो इस context में सही नहीं हैं।
'Region' will be used because it means a geographical area. The sentence mentions the
location of Kuno Palpur National Park, which is situated in a specific geographical region,
making 'region' fitting here. Whereas, 'river' means a water body, 'reign' means the period of
rule, and 'reason' means a cause, which don't fit in this context.
22. C) 'Prey' का उपयोग ककया जाएगा क्योंकक 'prey' का अथथ होिा है तशकारी जानिरों द्वारा तशकार ककए गए
जानिर, और िाक्य में बिाया गया है कक Kuno Palpur National Park में तितभन्न प्रकार के तशकार योग्य
जानिर हैं जैसे िेंदआ
ु , तसयार, तित्तीदार तहरर् आकद, जो कक तशकाररयों के तलए उपयुक्त तशकार का आधार
बनािे हैं। इसतलए, 'prey' यहााँ पूरी िरह उपयुक्त है। जबकक: 'Guard' का अथथ होिा है रक्षा करना, जो इस
संदभथ में तबल्कु ल सही नहीं है क्योंकक िाक्य में ककसी िीज़ की रक्षा की बाि नहीं हो रही है। 'Fun' का अथथ है
मनोरं जन, और इस िाक्य में राष्ट्रीय उद्यान की बाि हो रही है, इसतलए 'fun' का कोई संबंध नहीं है। 'Aid' का
अथथ है सहायिा करना, और यहााँ सहायिा का कोई संदभथ नहीं है
Prey' will be used because 'prey' means animals hunted by predators, and the sentence
explains that Kuno Palpur National Park has animals like leopards, jackals, and others that
provide a suitable base for felids (cats) to hunt. Therefore, 'prey' is the most appropriate word
in this context. Whereas: 'Guard' means to protect, but there is no reference to protecting
something in this context, so it is incorrect. 'Fun' refers to entertainment, which is irrelevant to
the description of the national park. 'Aid' means help or assistance, which doesn't fit the
context of describing animals in the park.
23. B) 'Claimed' का use ककया जाएगा क्योंकक "claimed" का अथथ होिा है ककसी अतधकार, संपतत्त या िथ्य पर
अपना दािा करना। यहााँ sentence में गुजराि का दािा है कक शेर उस राज्य की धरोहर हैं, इसतलए
'claimed' इस context में सही बैठिा है। जबकक 'Accused' का अथथ है आरोप लगाना, 'Restricted' का अथथ
है प्रतिबंध लगाना, और 'Adjourned' का अथथ है ककसी िीज़ को तथतगि करना, जो इस context में सही नहीं
है।
'Claimed' will be used because it means to assert a right, property, or fact. In this sentence,
Gujarat claims that lions are part of the state's heritage, making 'claimed' the most
appropriate option. Whereas 'Accused' means to charge someone with wrongdoing,
'Restricted' means to impose limitations, and 'Adjourned' means to postpone something,
which don't fit this context.

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24. B) Record' का उपयोग होगा क्योंकक "record" का अथथ है इतिहास या प्रदशथन, जो यहां िन्यजीि प्रबंधन में
मध्य प्रदेश की क्षमिा का मूल्यांकन करने के संदभथ में कफट बैठिा है। िाक्य में राज्य के िन्यजीि प्रबंधन में
प्रदशथन पर ििाथ की गई है, इसतलए "record" सही तिकल्प है। जबकक 'loss' का अथथ है खो देना, 'summary'
का अथथ है सारांश, और 'gaze' का अथथ है टकटकी लगाना, जो इस संदभथ में सही नहीं हैं।
'record' because "record" refers to a history or performance, which fits the context of
evaluating MP's capability in wildlife management. The sentence discusses the state's
performance in managing wildlife, making "record" the right choice. While 'loss' means
something lost, 'summary' means a brief statement, and 'gaze' means to look steadily at
something, which are not suitable here.
25. A) Jeopardise' का use होगा क्योंकक इसका अथथ होिा है ककसी िीज़ को जोतखम में डालना। इस sentence
में बिाया गया है कक कू नो पालपुर में अन्य बड़ी तबतल्लयों की मौजूदगी शेरों की पुनतथाथपना में समतया पैदा
कर सकिी है, इसतलए 'Jeopardise' यहााँ सही तिकल्प है। यह इस बाि को इंतगि करिा है कक दूसरे तबतल्लयों
की उपततथति शेरों की सुरतक्षि पुनतथाथपना के तलए जोतखमपूर्थ हो सकिी है। Channelise' का अथथ है कदशा में
मोड़ना, 'Innocuous' का अथथ है हातनरतहि, और 'Safeguard' का अथथ है सुरतक्षि रखना, जो इस context में
सही नहीं है।
'Jeopardise' will be used because it means to put something at risk. In the sentence, it is
mentioned that the presence of other big cats in Kuno Palpur might pose a problem or risk to
the relocation of lions, making 'jeopardise' the most appropriate option here. It conveys the
idea that the presence of these animals could endanger or complicate the lion relocation. On
the other hand, Channelise' means to direct, 'Innocuous' means harmless, and 'Safeguard'
means to protect, none of which fit this context.

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