1.

Neural networks are computer models intended to reflect the organization of human brains and
are often used in studies of brain function. According to an analysis of 11,000 such networks, Rylan
Schaeffer and colleagues advise caution when drawing conclusions about brains from
observations of neural networks. They found that when attempting to mimic grid cells (brain cells
used in navigation), while 90% of the networks could accomplish navigation-related tasks, only
about 10% of those exhibited any behaviors similar to those of grid cells. But even this
approximation of grid-cell activity has less to do with similarity between the neural networks and
biological brains than it does with the rules programmed into the networks.

Which finding, if true, would most directly support the claim in the underlined sentence?

AThe rules that allow for networks to exhibit behaviors like those of grid cells have no equivalent in
the function of biological brains.

BThe networks that do not exhibit behaviors like those of grid cells were nonetheless programmed
with rules that had proven useful in earlier neural-network studies.

COnce a neural network is programmed, it is trained on certain tasks to see if it can independently
arrive at processes that are similar to those performed by biological brains.

DNeural networks can often accomplish tasks that biological brains do, but they are typically
programmed with rules to model multiple types of brain cells simultaneously.

2. During the Bourbon Restoration in France (1814–1830), the right to vote required in part that a
person paid at least 300 francs in direct taxes to the government. The four most common taxes
(the quatre vieilles) were levied on real estate (both land and buildings); the doors and windows in
taxpayer homes; the rental values of homes; and the businesses of artisans and merchants.
(Foreign investments were either exempt from taxation or taxed lightly.) Although relatively few
people paid the tax on real estate, it was the main means of voter qualification and accounted for
over two-thirds of government receipts during this period, suggesting that during the Bourbon
Restoration ______

Which choice most logically completes the text?

Athe number of doors and windows in French residences was kept to a minimum but increased
after 1830
Bthe voting habits of French artisans and merchants were effective in reducing tax burdens on
businesses.

Cthose people who had the right to vote most likely had substantial holdings of French real estate.

DFrench people with significant foreign investments were unlikely to have the right to vote.

3. Archaeologists have held that the Casarabe culture, which emerged in the southwestern
Amazon basin in the first millennium CE, was characterized by a sparse, widely distributed
population and little intervention in the surrounding wilderness. Recently, however, archaeologist
Heiko Prümers and colleagues conducted a study of the region using remote-sensing technology
that enabled them to create three-dimensional images of the jungle-covered landscape from
above, and the researchers concluded that the Casarabe people developed a form of urbanism in
the Amazon basin.

Which finding about the remote-sensing images, if true, would most directly support Prümers and
colleagues’ conclusion?

AThey show shapes consistent with widely separated settlements of roughly equal small size
surrounded by uncultivated jungle.

BThey show shapes consistent with long-distance footpaths running from Casarabe territories to
large cities outside the region inhabited by the Casarabe people.

CThey show shapes consistent with monumental platforms and dense central settlements linked to
smaller settlements by a system of canals and roadways.

DThey show shapes consistent with scattered small farms created by clearing jungle areas near
sources of freshwater.
4. Research suggests that REM sleep in animals is homeostatically regulated: animals
compensate for periods of REM sleep deprivation by increasing subsequent REM sleep. When on
land, fur seals get enough REM sleep, but during the weeks they’re in the water, they get almost
none. In a study of fur seals’ sleep habits, researchers recorded the REM sleep (as a percentage
of baseline) of fur seals once they had returned to land. They concluded that REM sleep may not
be homeostatically regulated in fur seals, citing as evidence the fact that the seals in the study
______

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph to complete the text?

Ashowed no significant differences from one another in baseline levels of REM sleep.

Bdidn’t show significantly less REM sleep during the second day after returning to land than they
did during the first day.

Cdidn’t consistently demonstrate a significant increase in REM sleep after their period of
deprivation in the water.

Dshowed no significant difference between REM sleep after returning to land and REM sleep while
in the water.
5. The Analects is the most influential collection of sayings and teachings attributed to Confucius,
the founder of Confucianism. Compiled by his disciples over the centuries following his death in
479 BCE, the Analectsshows remarkable internal consistency and coherence in its themes and
principles, such as filial piety, ritual, humaneness, and loyalty. Moreover, many of the anecdotes in
the Analects match those found in other historical texts that record the words and deeds of
Confucius. However, some passages refer to events and ideas that emerged much later in
Chinese history, such as the unification of the empire by Qin Shi Huang in 221 BCE, and reveal the
influence of other philosophical schools, such as Legalism and Daoism, which arose after
Confucius's time. Therefore, scholars have concluded that while its core reflects the original
teachings of Confucius, the Analects ______

Which choice most logically completes the text?

Aalso reflects the changing historical and intellectual circumstances of its compilers.

Bwas probably not compiled by Confucius's disciples, but rather by scholars of Legalism and
Daoism.

Cwas likely completed before the unification of the empire by Qin Shi Huang in 221 BCE.

Dwas not consistent with other historical texts that recorded Confucius's sayings and deeds.

6. In a recent study, researchers grew rice in chambers with varying levels of carbon dioxide (CO2)
to simulate different atmospheric conditions. They found that as CO2 levels increased, the
nutritional content of the rice changed. Specifically, the rice contained less protein, iron, and zinc,
but contained more carbohydrates. One potential explanation for these findings is that, since CO2
is an important input to photosynthesis, the elevated carbon dioxide levels could be spurring the
plants to photosynthesize more rapidly. This in turn could lead to increased carbohydrate
production at the expense of other nutrients like protein, iron, and zinc.

Which finding from the study, if true, would most directly weaken the potential explanation?

ARice plants consumed CO2 at nearly identical rates, regardless of variations in atmospheric CO2
levels.
BProtein production suffered more in high-CO2 conditions than zinc production did.

CRice plants grew more quickly overall in low-CO2 conditions than in high-CO2 conditions.

DCarbohydrate production increased and then plateaued as atmospheric CO2 levels increased.

7. For centuries, the widespread acknowledgment of the involvement of the cerebellum—a dense
brain structure in vertebrates—in coordinating motor control in humans has hindered recognition of
other possible functions of the structure. Neuroscience research from the last two decades now
suggests that the cerebellum regulates emotion and social behavior, and recent research by Ilaria
Carta and colleagues has identified a pathway connecting the cerebellum to a center for motivation
and reward processing known as the ventral tegmental area (VTA).

Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

AThe recent verification of a pathway between the VTA and the cerebellum confirms the
cerebellum’s long-suspected role in motor coordination.

BRecent advances in the field of neuroscience have challenged widely accepted claims about the
function of a pathway connecting the VTA and the cerebellum.

CTechnological limitations have historically hindered the study of the cerebellum, but the recent
development of new technologies has led to greater insights into its functions.

DThe cerebellum has primarily been thought to regulate motor functioning, but in recent years
neuroscience researchers have been uncovering additional functions.

8. Optical tweezers are specialized scientific tools—particularly useful in biology and medicine—
that use high-powered beams of light to trap and manipulate minuscule particles for study. Use of
the tool has led to several scientific and medical breakthroughs over the last few decades, but the
particles are often under prolonged exposure to the intense heat of the light beams. To overcome
the risk of overheating, and thereby damage, researchers sometimes attach nano-sized glass
beads to particles, allowing the light to focus on the beads instead of the particles.
Based on the text, what is one advantage of attaching glass beads to particles when using optical
tweezers?

AIt adds a material to which particles can transfer any heat absorbed from the optical tweezers’
light beam.

BIt decreases the time it takes for the optical tweezers to locate and capture the particles.

CIt allows researchers to use weaker light beams to manipulate particles.

DIt facilitates the maneuvering of particles without directly heating the particles themselves.

9. A sociology student is reading an essay on the median age of first marriage in Western countries
throughout the twentieth century. The author of the essay cites factors common to these countries
that the author believes caused an increase in the median age of first marriage, such as new
technologies that shortened the time needed for domestic chores, making two-person households
less necessary and living alone more viable. The student asserts that beyond these factors there
must be additional ones specific to particular Western countries that influenced the increase of age
at first marriage.

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph that support the student’s assertion?

ABetween 1970 and 2000, the median age of first marriage rose more sharply for men in England
and Wales than it did for men in the United States.

BBetween 1900 and 2000, the median age of first marriage for women in England and Wales was
consistently higher than for women in the United States, as was the case for men.

CThe median age of first marriage for men in England and Wales was lower in 1970 than in 1950
or 1990.

DIn England and Wales, the median age of first marriage was consistently higher for men than for
women between 1900 and 2000, but this was not always the case in the United States.

10. Having written the impassioned call to arms “Letter to the Spanish Americans” in 1791,
Peruvian intellectual Juan Pablo Viscardo y Guzmán is often considered a forerunner for the
independence movements in Latin America. But Viscardo’s role in history would have remained
insignificant were it not for Venezuelan revolutionary Francisco de Miranda, who was handed the
unpublished letter after Viscardo’s death. Miranda not only helped circulate the letter, but his edits
and footnotes to the text position Miranda as a central figure in the text’s creation.

Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

AMiranda played a crucial role in influencing the content and distribution of “Letter to the Spanish
Americans.”

B“Letter to the Spanish Americans” persuaded many people in Latin America to pursue national
independence.
CThe majority of the most eloquently stated arguments in “Letter to the Spanish Americans” were
written by Miranda.

DThe original authorship of “Letter to the Spanish Americans” is disputed by contemporary

historians.

11. A member of the Otomi, an Indigenous people in Central Mexico, Octavio Medellín immigrated
to the United States as a child, and his sculpture bears the impress of traditions on both sides of
the border: US based modernist sculpture, Mexican modernist painting, Otomi art, and the ancient
sculpture of other Mexican Indigenous peoples, including the Maya. In his 1950 masterpiece
History of Mexico, Medellín fuses these influences into a style so idiosyncratic that it resists efforts
to view his work through the lens of nationality or cultural identity. Artists, he insisted, should strive
for individual expression, even as they draw inspiration from their heritage and the communities
where they live and work.

Which quotation from an art critic most directly challenges the underlined claim in the text?

A“While A History of Mexico features modernist motifs, it relies primarily on angular human forms
in profile—a staple of Maya sculpture—and thus invites classification as Indigenous art.”

B“Although a number of ancient Indigenous artistic traditions pictured human forms in profile, the
forms populating the surface of A History of Mexico suggest a specifically Maya influence.”

C“In A History of Mexico, the synthesis of ancient and modernist traditions functions as a stylistic
parallel to the work’s subject matter: a survey of centuries of Mexican history.”

D“Many critics focus on Indigenous influences in A History of Mexicoand other key works by
Medellín to the exclusion of influences from non-Indigenous art.”

12. German theater practitioner Bertolt Brecht (1898–1956) believed that theater should elicit an
intellectual rather than an emotional response from audiences, provoking them to consider social
and political realities that extend beyond the characters and events depicted onstage. Brecht’s
influence can be seen in English playwright Caryl Churchill’s 1979 play Cloud 9: although the play
sometimes invites empathetic reactions, it primarily works to engage audiences in an interrogation
of patriarchy and colonialism, which it does by placing audiences at a distance, thereby
encouraging them to ______
Which choice most logically completes the text?

Areflect on social and political phenomena not directly related to patriarchy and colonialism.

Bfocus on the characters’ beliefs about social and political issues as revealed by the characters’
actions.

Cbe dispassionate as they think critically about the social and political questions raised by the play.

Drecognize pertinent social and political parallels between Germany during Brecht’s time and
England at the time when Churchill was writing Cloud 9.
13. Researchers Xinyu Li, Weihua Ma, et. al. conducted a study on the effects of different
temperatures and humidity levels on the survival of bees from the species Apis mellifera. Worker
bees were placed in temperature- and humidity-controlled boxes. Temperatures of 35°C, 40°C, and
45°C at constant relative humidity (RH), and RH levels of 50%, 60%, and 70% at constant
temperature were tested. The bee survival time for each box was calculated as the total number of
hours at which all bees had died. Based on their findings, the researchers claim that at a constant
temperature, increasing humidity tended to decrease the bees’ survival time.

Which choice best describes data from the graph that support the researchers’ claim?

AAt 35°C, the survival time of A. mellifera bees at 60% RH and 70% RH was significantly lower
than at 50% RH.

BAt 40°C, the differences in the survival times among the 50% RH, 60% RH, and 70% RH groups
were not significant.
CAt 70% RH, the survival time of A. mellifera was significantly lower at 45°C than at 35°C and
40°C.

DAt 50% RH, the survival time of A. mellifera was significantly lower at 40°C and 45°C than at
35°C.

14. Paleontologists have found a remarkable fossil of a dinosaur that had feathers on its arms and
legs, but not on its tail or body. By comparing the fossil with other known specimens, paleontologist
David Hu and colleagues have hypothesized that this dinosaur, named Liaoxiraptor, could be an
intermediate form between feathered and non-feathered theropods. The discovery suggests that
the evolution of feathers was not necessarily linked to the evolution of flight, but may have had
other functions first, such as insulation or camouflage.

Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

AA new dinosaur species with an unusual feather distribution was found by Hu and colleagues.

BThe discovery of Liaoxiraptor sheds new light on the evolution of feathers.

CAn analysis of a Liaoxiraptor fossil confirms the theory that feathers evolved for insulation before
flight.

DHu and colleagues compared Liaoxiraptor with other theropods to better understand the diversity
of feather patterns in dinosaurs.

15. In vertical inheritance, parents pass genes to their offspring, but in horizontal transfer (HT), one
species, often bacteria, passes genetic material to an unrelated species. In a 2022 study,
herpetologist Atsushi Kurabayashi and his team investigated HT in multicellular organisms—
namely, snakes and frogs in Madagascar. The team detected BovB—a gene transmitted vertically
in snakes—in many frog species. The apparent direction of gene transfer seems counterintuitive
because frogs usually don’t survive encounters with snakes and so wouldn’t be able to transmit the
newly acquired gene to offspring, but the team concluded that BovB is indeed transmitted from
snakes to frogs, either directly or indirectly, via HT.
Which finding, if true, would most directly support the team’s conclusion?

AFrog species with BovB show few discernible advantages as compared with frog species that do
not carry BovB.

BBovB can be transmitted across frog species through HT.

CBovB cannot be reliably transmitted from a snake species to bacteria that are usually
encountered by frog species.

DParasites known to feed on species of snakes and frogs in which the BovB gene occurs also
carry BovB.

16. In a recent study, researchers grew rice in chambers with varying levels of carbon dioxide
(CO2) to simulate different atmospheric conditions. They found that as CO2 levels increased, the
nutritional content of the rice changed. Specifically, the rice contained less protein, iron, and zinc,
but contained more carbohydrates. One potential explanation for these findings is that, since CO2
is an important input to photosynthesis, the elevated carbon dioxide levels could be spurring the
plants to photosynthesize more rapidly. This in turn could lead to increased carbohydrate
production at the expense of other nutrients like protein, iron, and zinc.

Which finding from the study, if true, would most directly weaken the potential explanation?

ARice plants consumed CO2 at nearly identical rates, regardless of variations in atmospheric CO2
levels.

BProtein production suffered more in high-CO2 conditions than zinc production did.

CRice plants grew more quickly overall in low-CO2 conditions than in high-CO2 conditions.

DCarbohydrate production increased and then plateaued as atmospheric CO2 levels increased.
17. A heliograph is a semaphore device used for sending optical communications—usually in the
form of Morse code—by reflecting flashes of sunlight off a mirror. Heliographs were used for rapid
communication across expansive distances for military, surveying, and forestry purposes during
the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, but they were largely effective only during the
daytime, and the range of the device depended on factors such as the opacity of the air and line of
sight. Therefore, heliographs were eventually replaced by technology that ______

Which choice most logically completes the text?

Awas not so constrained by environmental circumstances.

Bcould be used for more than military, surveying, or forestry purposes.

Cenabled communication that didn’t require knowledge of Morse code.

Dworked on similar principles but was easier to produce and maintain.

18. Close analysis of the painting Girl with a Flute, long attributed to the seventeenth-century Dutch
painter Johannes Vermeer, has revealed subtle deviations from the artist’s signature techniques.
These variations suggest that the work may be that of a student under Vermeer’s tutelage—
potentially ______ our understanding of Vermeer as a solitary artist.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Anegating

Bentrenching

Csubstantiating
Dprefiguring

19. While scholars believe many Mesoamerican cities influenced each other, direct evidence of
such influence is difficult to ascertain. However, recent excavations in a sector of Tikal (Guatemala)
unearthed a citadel that shows ______ Teotihuacan (Mexico) architecture—including a near replica
of a famed Teotihuacan temple—providing tangible evidence of outside influence in portions of
Tikal.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Arefinements of

Bprecursors of

Ccommonalities with

Danimosities toward

20. Researcher Alexander Rehding argued that philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer's 19th century
writings about music were predictive in that they seem to _____ much later thinking in cognitive
science about the mental processes behind music perception. Schopenhauer's ideas described
music’s power to directly express emotions and to elicit nonverbal modes of thinking, a fact that is
well-documented by 21st century cognitive researchers.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Acontradict

Banticipate
Covershadow

Dreserve

21. While most animals are incapable of passing somatic mutations—genetic alterations that arise
in an organism’s nonreproductive cells—on to their offspring, elkhorn coral (Acropora palmata)
presents an intriguing ______: in a 2022 study, researchers found that elkhorn coral produced
offspring that inherited somatic mutations from a parent.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Acorroboration

Bhypothesis

Caffinity

Danomaly

22. The following text is adapted from Nella Larsen’s 1929 novel Passing.

The afternoon sun cast long shadows across the park, where children played and people strolled
leisurely. Irene sat on a bench, absorbed in her book. Every so often, she would glance up, her
eyes scanning the crowd with a careful, almost furtive awareness. It wasn’t that she expected to
see anyone in particular, but there was always a sense of vigilance about her, as if she were on
guard for something unseen.

As used in the text, what does the word "furtive" most nearly mean?

ABold
BSecretive

CRelaxed

DSardonic

23. The following text is adapted from Kate Chopin’s 1899 novel The Awakening.

It was Saturday night. An unusual number of husbands, fathers, and friends had come down to
stay over; and they were being suitably entertained by their families, with the material help of the
hostess, Madame Lebrun. Each little family group had had its say and exchanged its domestic
gossip earlier in the evening. There was now an apparent disposition to relax; to widen the circle of
confidences and give a more general tone to the conversation.

As used in the text, what does the word “disposition” most nearly mean?

AResistance

BConfiguration

CPersonality

DInclination

24. As a poet, essayist, and novelist, Ocean Vuong often explores ______ themes in his work,
including memory and trauma. His debut novel, On Earth We're Briefly Gorgeous, is presented as
a series of deeply personal letters written by a son to his mother and was described by The New
Yorker as "[brimming] with longing and tenderness."

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
Afrivolous

Bintimate

Cpretentious

Dconformist

25. Investigating whether shared false visual memories—specific but inaccurate and widely held
recollections of images such as product logos—are caused by people’s previous ______ incorrect
renditions of the images, researchers Deepasri Prasad and Wilma Bainbridge found that, in fact,
such memories are often not explained by familiarity with erroneous versions of the images.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Acriteria for

Bforfeiture of

Ccompliance with

Dexposure to

26. In recent years, economic sanctions—penalties designed to alter another government’s

political and/or military behavior when the behavior does not comply with international norms—
have become a frequently employed tool in international policy. While effective in some cases,
these measures can also have unintended consequences, such as harming civilian populations or
disrupting global markets. Some critics argue that economic sanctions tend to _____ the very
issues they aim to resolve: by creating economic instability and deepening animosities between
nations, sanctions can actually lead to an increase in domestic support for the targeted regime,
thereby emboldening them to persist with the objectionable conduct.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Aredress

Bexacerbate

Creimburse

Dcommemorate

27. Researcher Alexander Rehding argued that philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer's 19th century
writings about music were predictive in that they seem to _____ much later thinking in cognitive
science about the mental processes behind music perception. Schopenhauer's ideas described
music’s power to directly express emotions and to elicit nonverbal modes of thinking, a fact that is
well-documented by 21st century cognitive researchers.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Acontradict

Banticipate

Covershadow

Dreserve
28. Investigating whether shared false visual memories—specific but inaccurate and widely held
recollections of images such as product logos—are caused by people’s previous ______ incorrect
renditions of the images, researchers Deepasri Prasad and Wilma Bainbridge found that, in fact,
such memories are often not explained by familiarity with erroneous versions of the images.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Acriteria for

Bforfeiture of

Ccompliance with

Dexposure to

29. Close analysis of the painting Girl with a Flute, long attributed to the seventeenth-century Dutch
painter Johannes Vermeer, has revealed subtle deviations from the artist’s signature techniques.
These variations suggest that the work may be that of a student under Vermeer’s tutelage—
potentially ______ our understanding of Vermeer as a solitary artist.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Anegating

Bentrenching

Csubstantiating

Dprefiguring
30. While scholars believe many Mesoamerican cities influenced each other, direct evidence of
such influence is difficult to ascertain. However, recent excavations in a sector of Tikal (Guatemala)
unearthed a citadel that shows ______ Teotihuacan (Mexico) architecture—including a near replica
of a famed Teotihuacan temple—providing tangible evidence of outside influence in portions of
Tikal.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Arefinements of

Bprecursors of

Ccommonalities with

Danimosities toward

31. According to Indian economist and sociologist Radhakamal Mukerjee (1889–1968), the
Eurocentric concepts that informed early twentieth-century social scientific methods—for example,
the idea that all social relations are reducible to struggles between individuals—had little relevance
for India. Making the social sciences more responsive to Indians’ needs, Mukerjee argued,
required constructing analytical categories informed by India’s cultural and ecological
circumstances. Mukerjee thus proposed the communalist “Indian village” as the ideal model on
which to base Indian economic and social policy.

Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?

AThe text recounts Mukerjee’s early training in the social scientific disciplines and then lists social
policies whose implementation Mukerjee oversaw.

BThe text explains an influential economic theory and then demonstrates how that theory was
more important to Mukerjee’s work than other social scientists have acknowledged.
CThe text presents Mukerjee’s critique of the social sciences and then provides an example of his
attempts to address issues he identified in his critique.

DThe text mentions some of Mukerjee’s economic theories and then traces their impact on other
Indian social scientists of the twentieth century.

32. Studying late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century artifacts from an agricultural and
domestic site in Texas, archaeologist Ayana O. Flewellen found that Black women employed as
farm workers utilized hook-and-eye closures to fasten their clothes at the waist, giving themselves
a silhouette similar to the one that was popular in contemporary fashion and typically achieved
through more restrictive garments such as corsets. Flewellen argues that this sartorial practice
shows that these women balanced hegemonic ideals of femininity with the requirements of their
physically demanding occupation.

Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

ATo evaluate a scholarly work that offers explanations for the impact of urban fashion ideals on
Black female farmworkers in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Texas

BTo describe an unexpected discovery that altered a researcher’s view of how rapidly fashions
among Black female farmworkers in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Texas changed
during the period

CTo summarize the findings of a study that explored factors influencing a fashion practice among
Black female farmworkers in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Texas

DTo discuss research that investigated the ways in which Black female farmworkers in late
nineteenth and early twentieth-century Texas used fashion practices to resist traditional gender
ideals

33. In Jane Austen’s novel Mansfield Park, an almost imperceptible smile from potential suitor
Henry Crawford causes the protagonist Fanny Price to blush; her embarrassment grows when she
suspects that he is aware of it.This moment—in which Fanny not only infers Henry’s mental state
through his gestures, but also infers that he is drawing inferences about her mental state—
illustrates what literary scholar George Butte calls “deep intersubjectivity,” a technique for
representing interactions between consciousnesses through which Austen’s novels derive much of
their social and psychological drama.
Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole?

AIt advances an interpretation of an Austen protagonist who is contrasted with protagonists from
other Austen novels cited in the following sentence.

BIt provides a synopsis of an interaction in an Austen novel that illustrates a literary concept
discussed in the following sentence.

CIt describes a recurring theme in Austen’s novels that is the focus of a literary scholar’s analysis
summarized in the following sentence.

DIt states a claim about Austen’s skill at representing psychological complexity that is reinforced by
an example presented in the following sentence.