1.

Mental disorders are recognized as a major public health concern because they:
A. Are easily treatable with minimal impact on life
B. Primarily affect only the elderly population
C. Lead to disability and loss of productive years in affected individuals
D. Are not influenced by socio-economic factors
Answer: C

2. According to the Global Burden of Disease report (2019), how many Disability-
Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) were attributed to mental disorders?
A. 50 million
B. 80 million
C. Over 125 million
D. 200 million
Answer: C

3. What is a major consequence of untreated mental health issues in childhood and

adolescence?
A. Higher employment rates
B. Decreased contact with the criminal justice system
C. Long-term social and economic difficulties
D. Increased life satisfaction
Answer: C

4. Which of the following is a critical factor in preventing mental illness according to

longitudinal studies?
A. High income
B. Positive wellbeing and resilience
C. Education level
D. Physical exercise
Answer: B

5. Primary prevention in mental health aims to:

A. Diagnose mental disorders early
B. Treat those who have already developed mental illness
C. Prevent the onset of mental health disorders by addressing risk factors
D. Provide rehabilitation for individuals with mental disorders
Answer: C
6. The goal of secondary prevention is to:
A. Reduce disability in established mental health disorders
B. Provide awareness programs to prevent mental illness
C. Detect and address mental health issues at an early stage
D. Offer housing assistance to those with mental illness
Answer: C

7. Tertiary prevention in mental health focuses on:

A. Promoting mental health in schools
B. Screening for early signs of mental illness
C. Offering treatment, rehabilitation, and support for those with diagnosed mental disorders
D. Conducting public health campaigns
Answer: C

8. An example of primary prevention in mental health is:

A. Mental health awareness programs in schools
B. Community rehabilitation programs for schizophrenia
C. Employee assistance programs for workplace stress
D. Support groups for PTSD
Answer: A

9. Secondary prevention in mental health includes which of the following activities?

A. Community-based rehabilitation for schizophrenia
B. Mental health screenings at community health centers
C. Awareness campaigns in workplaces
D. Housing assistance programs for individuals recovering from mental illness
Answer: B

10. Tertiary prevention is most appropriate for:

A. Preventing anxiety in students
B. Detecting early signs of depression in at-risk individuals
C. Managing long-term mental health conditions like schizophrenia
D. Building resilience in the general population
Answer: C
11. Which intervention falls under tertiary prevention for mental health?
A. Stress management workshops
B. Mental health hotlines for crisis support
C. Community rehabilitation programs for individuals with severe mental disorders
D. Screening programs for early signs of anxiety
Answer: C

12. The primary prevention stage in mental health is aimed at which group?
A. Individuals diagnosed with mental illness
B. The general population or at-risk groups who have not yet developed mental health issues
C. People showing early symptoms of mental illness
D. Caregivers of individuals with mental illness
Answer: B

13. What is the focus of mental health promotion in primary prevention?

A. Early intervention in severe mental disorders
B. Enhancing protective factors and reducing risk factors
C. Providing treatment for diagnosed conditions
D. Assisting families with members who have mental health issues
Answer: B

14. A mental health screening initiative at a community health center represents which
level of prevention?
A. Primary
B. Secondary
C. Tertiary
D. Quaternary
Answer: B

15. Why is tertiary prevention important in mental health care?

A. It prevents the onset of mental illness
B. It addresses mental health problems before symptoms arise
C. It helps manage and reduce the impact of established mental health disorders
D. It replaces all other forms of prevention
Answer: C
1. How are mental health and social inequality related?
A. Social inequality has no impact on mental health
B. Mental health is solely determined by individual factors
C. Social, economic, and physical environments influence mental health risks and outcomes
D. Only economic factors affect mental health
Answer: C

2. Which of the following is NOT a consequence of mental disorders?

A. Improved quality of life
B. Poor health
C. Increased disability
D. Perpetuation of socio-economic inequalities
Answer: A

3. Which socioeconomic factors are commonly linked to mental health issues in

developed countries?
A. High-income levels and job security
B. Poor education, material disadvantage, and unemployment
C. Good healthcare access
D. Stable housing and employment
Answer: B

4. According to the UK population study, what factor largely accounts for the link
between low income and mental disorders?
A. Housing conditions
B. Diet and nutrition
C. Debt
D. Physical health
Answer: C

5. In terms of gender differences in mental health, women are more likely to:
A. Externalize responses to psychological distress
B. Develop substance use disorders
C. Internalize responses, leading to anxiety and depressive symptoms
D. Experience no difference in mental health risk
Answer: C
6. Which social determinant of mental health is strongly influenced by financial
instability and limited access to basic needs?
A. Education inequality
B. Poverty
C. Gender inequality
D. Housing inequality
Answer: B

7. How does education inequality affect mental health?

A. It has no impact on mental health
B. It reduces feelings of stress and improves job security
C. It limits employment opportunities, leading to psychological distress
D. It only affects physical health
Answer: C

8. Which of the following contributes to higher rates of mental illness among

marginalized racial and ethnic groups?
A. Equal access to mental healthcare
B. Systemic racism and discrimination
C. Financial stability
D. High levels of social support
Answer: B

9. Gender inequality impacts mental health by:

A. Providing equal opportunities for both men and women
B. Leading to lower rates of mental illness
C. Increasing risks of anxiety, depression, and PTSD among women
D. Eliminating stress related to societal expectations
Answer: C

10. Lack of access to healthcare contributes to mental health issues by:

A. Ensuring equal treatment for all communities
B. Providing sufficient mental health resources
C. Worsening untreated mental illnesses in underserved areas
D. Improving overall mental health outcomes
Answer: C

11. Which factor linked to mental health involves the feeling of uncertainty, financial
strain, and loss of identity?
A. Gender inequality
B. Housing stability
C. Unemployment and job insecurity
D. Social inclusion
Answer: C

12. Poor living conditions and homelessness increase vulnerability to:

A. Financial security
B. Job satisfaction
C. Mental health issues such as anxiety and depression
D. Reduced risk of substance abuse
Answer: C

13. Social exclusion and stigma in marginalized communities often lead to:
A. Increased social support
B. Higher rates of mental health resilience
C. Greater feelings of worthlessness and hopelessness
D. Lower levels of psychological distress
Answer: C

14. What is the purpose of economic empowerment programs in the context of mental
health?
A. To increase income inequality
B. To promote entrepreneurship and alleviate economic stress
C. To limit job training opportunities
D. To increase financial dependence on government assistance
Answer: B

15. Community-based policy advocacy aims to address mental health by:

A. Maintaining existing social inequalities
B. Reforming policies related to income inequality, affordable housing, and education
C. Limiting healthcare access in low-income areas
D. Reducing community support programs
Answer: B

1. What does the World Health Organization define as mental health?

A. Absence of illness
B. State of physical fitness
C. State of well-being where individuals realize their abilities, cope with stresses, work
productively, and contribute to their community
D. Ability to live independently
Answer: C

2. Community mental health services are beneficial because they:

A. Primarily target individual treatment over community well-being
B. Promote social exclusion
C. Are more accessible and lessen the likelihood of human rights violations
D. Only operate within psychiatric hospitals
Answer: C

3. Which core value emphasizes the importance of promoting physical and

psychological health, as well as achieving personal goals?
A. Social Justice
B. Individual and Family Wellness
C. Sense of Community
D. Empowerment and Citizen Participation
Answer: B

4. What is the purpose of empowerment in community psychology?

A. To isolate individuals from community decision-making
B. To allow individuals to exert control over their lives and participate in collective decision-
making
C. To prioritize individual well-being over community wellness
D. To enforce hierarchical decision-making in communities
Answer: B

5. The concept of ‘Sense of Community’ is based on which of the following?

A. Independence and individuality
B. Belonging, interdependence, and mutual commitment
C. Competition and hierarchy
D. Self-reliance and autonomy
Answer: B

6. In community psychology, collaboration with community members emphasizes:

A. Hierarchical relationships
B. Focusing solely on individual deficits
C. Recognizing community strengths and working together
D. Prioritizing psychological over community wellness
Answer: C

7. Which core value focuses on ensuring fair distribution of resources and

opportunities?
A. Empowerment
B. Sense of Community
C. Social Justice
D. Empirical Grounding
Answer: C

8. What is a key component of respecting human diversity in community psychology?

A. Applying the same research methods to all communities
B. Adapting approaches to honor cultural differences and community strengths
C. Maintaining a single standard of behavior across all cultures
D. Ignoring socioeconomic factors
Answer: B
9. Distributive justice in community psychology is concerned with:
A. Ensuring equal representation in decision-making processes
B. Fair distribution of resources and opportunities among community members
C. Prioritizing only high-income communities
D. Creating a sense of community through individualism
Answer: B

10. According to community psychology, what is procedural justice?

A. The fair distribution of economic resources within a community
B. The process of decision-making that includes fair representation of all citizens
C. A method for analyzing psychological data
D. A strategy for empowering individuals to control their personal lives
Answer: B

11. What is emphasized in the value of empirical grounding?

A. Using untested theories to develop community programs
B. Applying evidence-based research to understand and improve communities
C. Avoiding empirical research in favor of anecdotal evidence
D. Ensuring that all research is theory-driven without community input
Answer: B

12. In community psychology, which ecological level includes social groups like families,
friendship networks, and self-help groups?
A. Microsystem
B. Localities
C. Organizations
D. Societal levels
Answer: A

13. What is context minimization error?

A. A mistake in individual responsibility
B. Ignoring the importance of social and environmental factors in understanding individual
behavior
C. Overemphasis on individual context over collective ones
D. Failure to recognize personal values in research
Answer: B

14. Which of the following statements about ‘Respect for Human Diversity’ is true?
A. It only applies to issues of ethnicity and race
B. It suggests adapting research questions to fit cultural contexts
C. It promotes a universal approach to all communities
D. It discourages individual expression of unique values
Answer: B

15. The term 'collective wellness' in community psychology refers to:

A. Individual mental health
B. Economic success in communities
C. The health of communities and societies in relation to empowerment and social justice
D. Personal achievements unrelated to community
Answer: C
Where did community psychology officially begin?
• A) Chicago, Illinois
• B) Swampscott, Massachusetts
• C) New York City, New York
• D) Los Angeles, California
Answer: B) Swampscott, Massachusetts
Which event had a significant impact on the rise of community psychology?
• A) The Great Depression
• B) World War I
• C) The Swampscott Conference
 • D) The Vietnam War
Answer: C) The Swampscott Conference
Which of the following was an influence on community psychology’s focus on
prevention?
• A) Industrial revolution
• B) Public health principles
• C) Economic growth
• D) Legal reforms
Answer: B) Public health principles
What major world event prompted the establishment of the Veterans Administration
(VA) and National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)?
• A) World War I
• B) The Great Depression
• C) World War II
• D) The Korean War
Answer: C) World War II
Which psychologist's work on group dynamics and action research influenced
community psychology?
• A) Sigmund Freud
• B) Kurt Lewin
• C) Abraham Maslow
• D) Carl Rogers
Answer: B) Kurt Lewin
What role did the social movements of the 1960s and 1970s play in community
psychology?
• A) They led to more clinical approaches
• B) They emphasized social justice and empowerment
• C) They introduced mental health clinics
• D) They minimized the need for psychology
Answer: B) They emphasized social justice and empowerment
Which psychologist(s) were advocates for desegregation and contributed to social
justice movements?
• A) Kenneth and Mamie Clark
• B) Sigmund Freud
 • C) Abraham Maslow
• D) John Watson
Answer: A) Kenneth and Mamie Clark
The closure of large psychiatric hospitals in favor of community mental health
centers was influenced by what factor?
• A) Overcrowding
• B) Advances in psychotropic medications
• C) Government policy changes
• D) Lack of funding
Answer: B) Advances in psychotropic medications
What was one of the first major challenges tackled by Kurt Lewin's action research
team?
• A) Reducing anti-Semitism
• B) Reducing violence in schools
• C) Promoting gender equality
• D) Improving workplace environments
Answer: A) Reducing anti-Semitism
Which U.S. president supported the establishment of community mental health
centers?
• A) Franklin D. Roosevelt
• B) John F. Kennedy
• C) Lyndon B. Johnson
• D) Richard Nixon
Answer: B) John F. Kennedy
The National Training Laboratories (NTL), founded by Kurt Lewin, focused on:
• A) Medical training
• B) Group dynamics and community problem-solving
• C) Cognitive psychology research
• D) Legal and ethical frameworks
Answer: B) Group dynamics and community problem-solving
What did the social movements of the 1960s and 1970s bring to the forefront of
community psychology?
• A) Development of new medications
• B) Empowerment and social justice
 • C) Theories on cognitive development
• D) Focus on individual clinical treatments
Answer: B) Empowerment and social justice
Which principle was adopted by early mental health clinics to prevent mental health
disorders?
• A) Early intervention in psychological issues
• B) Hospitalization of patients
• C) Treatment after disorder onset
• D) Genetic counseling
Answer: A) Early intervention in psychological issues
Which commission recommended comprehensive changes in mental health care in
1961?
• A) U.S. Joint Commission on Mental Illness and Mental Health
• B) National Institute of Mental Health
• C) American Psychological Association
• D) Veterans Administration
Answer: A) U.S. Joint Commission on Mental Illness and Mental Health
Which feminist psychologist critiqued psychology's limited understanding of
women?
• A) Karen Horney
• B) Naomi Weisstein
• C) Anna Freud
• D) Mary Ainsworth
Answer: B) Naomi Weisstein
What is the primary focus of community psychology?
• A) Individual treatment
• B) Systemic change
• C) Crisis intervention
• D) Clinical diagnosis
Answer: B) Systemic change
Community mental health centers primarily provide:
• A) Preventive measures
• B) Clinical services
• C) Advocacy and policy change
• D) Empowerment programs
Answer: B) Clinical services
Which of the following is a key feature of community psychology?
• A) Crisis intervention
• B) Psychiatric treatment
• C) Advocacy and policy change
• D) Vocational training
Answer: C) Advocacy and policy change
What model does community psychology primarily use to understand mental health?
• A) Medical model
• B) Ecological model
• C) Biopsychosocial model
• D) Genetic model
Answer: B) Ecological model
Which approach places a strong emphasis on prevention rather than treatment?
• A) Community mental health
• B) Crisis intervention services
• C) Community psychology
• D) Psychiatric hospitals
Answer: C) Community psychology
Community mental health’s approach is rooted in which model?
• A) Ecological model
• B) Medical model
• C) Systems theory
• D) Advocacy model
Answer: B) Medical model
Which of the following is NOT a focus of community psychology?
• A) Addressing social inequalities
• B) Empowering communities
• C) Direct clinical treatment
 • D) Collaborative interventions
Answer: C) Direct clinical treatment
What is a primary goal of community mental health?
• A) Social advocacy
• B) Systemic transformation
• C) Crisis intervention and rehabilitation
• D) Changing societal policies
Answer: C) Crisis intervention and rehabilitation
Which of the following best describes the approach of community psychology?
• A) Top-down
• B) Collaborative and participatory
• C) Focused on individual diagnosis
• D) Focused on medical interventions
Answer: B) Collaborative and participatory
Which aspect is more emphasized in community mental health than in community
psychology?
• A) Preventive measures
• B) Direct clinical treatment
• C) Empowerment
• D) Policy reform
Answer: B) Direct clinical treatment
Which of the following best describes the systemic change focus of community
psychology?
• A) Diagnosis and treatment of individuals
• B) Addressing broader social, cultural, and environmental factors
• C) Providing crisis management
• D) Offering clinical case management
Answer: B) Addressing broader social, cultural, and environmental factors
Which of the following is a key feature of community mental health?
• A) Advocacy for social justice
• B) Empowering individuals through policy changes
• C) Crisis intervention and clinical services
 • D) Collaborative research
Answer: C) Crisis intervention and clinical services
In community psychology, mental health problems are viewed as:
• A) Individual issues
• B) Problems rooted in medical conditions
• C) Problems connected to societal structures and inequalities
• D) Symptoms of biological issues
Answer: C) Problems connected to societal structures and inequalities
Which of the following is a focus of the ecological model in community psychology?
• A) Diagnosis of individual symptoms
• B) Examining the interaction between individuals and their environments
• C) Treating mental disorders with medication
• D) Providing housing assistance
Answer: B) Examining the interaction between individuals and their environments
What is a major difference between community psychology and community mental
health?
• A) Community psychology focuses on clinical treatment, while community mental
health focuses on advocacy
• B) Community psychology emphasizes systemic change, while community mental
health focuses on individual treatment
• C) Community mental health promotes prevention, while community psychology
focuses on rehabilitation
• D) Both approaches focus equally on policy change and clinical services
Answer: B) Community psychology emphasizes systemic change, while community
mental health focuses on individual treatment
According to the World Health Organization, community mental health services are
beneficial because they:
• A) Reduce social exclusion and human rights violations
• B) Focus only on psychiatric hospital care
• C) Eliminate mental health problems completely
• D) Replace all primary care services
Answer: A) Reduce social exclusion and human rights violations
Community mental health services primarily focus on:
• A) Treating individuals in psychiatric hospitals
 • B) Supporting individuals within community settings
• C) Reducing government healthcare costs
• D) Only treating physical health conditions
Answer: B) Supporting individuals within community settings
What is a key difference between community psychology and other fields of
psychology?
• A) Focus on diagnosing individual disorders
• B) Emphasizing intervention after problems develop
• C) Promoting healthy functioning for all community members
• D) Ignoring environmental factors
Answer: C) Promoting healthy functioning for all community members
Which of the following is NOT typically a service offered by community mental
health centers (CMHTs)?
• A) Supported housing
• B) Psychiatric wards
• C) Self-help groups
• D) Specialized surgery
Answer: D) Specialized surgery
What is the term coined by Shinn and Toohey (2003) to describe ignoring the
importance of context in an individual's life?
• A) Contextual blindness
• B) Ecological oversight
• C) Context minimization error
• D) Social isolation theory
Answer: C) Context minimization error
According to Bronfenbrenner's ecological levels of analysis, which level includes
environments where a person has direct, personal interaction with others?
• A) Microsystem
• B) Macrosystem
• C) Exosystem
• D) Chronosystem
Answer: A) Microsystem
Which of the following is an example of a microsystem according to
Bronfenbrenner?
 • A) Local economy
• B) Family and friendship networks
• C) National policy
• D) Global trade systems
Answer: B) Family and friendship networks
Which core value of community psychology emphasizes the fair distribution of
resources and opportunities?
• A) Empowerment
• B) Social justice
• C) Individual wellness
• D) Empirical grounding
Answer: B) Social justice
What is meant by "empowerment" in the context of community psychology?
• A) The ability of psychologists to control therapy outcomes
• B) Increasing people's control over their own lives
• C) Removing all community participation in decision-making
• D) Ignoring the needs of marginalized groups
Answer: B) Increasing people's control over their own lives
Which of the following is a strategy used to implement empowerment in community
psychology?
• A) Citizen participation
• B) Clinical diagnosis
• C) Medical intervention
• D) Psychological testing
Answer: A) Citizen participation
The sense of community, as defined by Sarason (1974), includes which of the
following?
• A) A sense of isolation
• B) Mutual commitment and interdependence
• C) A focus on individual achievement
• D) Competition among community members
Answer: B) Mutual commitment and interdependence
Which of the following is a potential negative effect of a strong sense of community?
 • A) Increased psychological distress
• B) Exclusion of outsiders
• C) Improved job performance
• D) Enhanced community services
Answer: B) Exclusion of outsiders
Respect for human diversity in community psychology involves understanding and
valuing:
• A) Only certain cultural identities
• B) A wide range of social identities and differences
• C) Individual psychological disorders
• D) Universal psychological theories
Answer: B) A wide range of social identities and differences
Distributive justice focuses on:
• A) Equitable representation in decision-making
• B) Fair distribution of resources among community members
• C) Improving access to education
• D) Maintaining hierarchical power structures
Answer: B) Fair distribution of resources among community members
Which core value in community psychology emphasizes collaboration between
psychologists and citizens?
• A) Empirical grounding
• B) Sense of community
• C) Collaboration and community strengths
• D) Individual wellness
Answer: C) Collaboration and community strengths