Introduction toprosthodontics

otrs
Definifion
Prosthoolon hes is speiol ty pertoiring
he dental
todiaqnests, treatmertplane'ng eholil tahen y

mantainance f al funchon , omfont ppeaDhte

oih chndtal tonol tons
haalthfthe pohent
ass etiattod h missing de fuesd kh o maniletoual
susshtues.
isLs win b1otempattole

Branches of Prostheclertics and ariemu

Prasthodontics

Remevable Mawlofoua Tmpland

Fixed

Ceplele Pa,bod
Intacoronal
Extacoonal

urst
Fized Prastho dontics stenodion of
uploument
Concey ned i thts the tho ar at radly
Subshhutes
t u by wdhual
meuth

vemeved r om Hhe

Ramovoble Prosthodonfas Contiquous

Conhquo
replaumerd of teh
h tho entuleus
enhuleus anc
ach
Conceneol pa
or pa) holly d
ed
hr eoleindulew Hhat ai uaolly
hat uaolly
Shuctue o A h u a l auhs htutes
Potands by
Pofends by
Tamovable trom mouth
Jmplant hosthedenka:
Concexnea with platement of miss inq lee th or associateo
8truchue by restoahon thot ae uwtohuofo dertal smplants
Maxe llofaual Pros Hodlenhies sA olba2or,

Conesned hrertorat'on ouplalumunt of3 tometvgnmatic

canefacialstruhwasw hpro3 hosns thot nmay may net
be Tmeved ona equla eleuhi e
selest base
bae
bases
lokoiye zo
Prosthe tics 233ue&
is tha a l f seience of Pplyng arhfial uplalemants
for m'ssimq pans of human booy oruore

eatnabarteor
P1e3thess
n ihc'a 7platemerd of an absent o mising part
Dhuman bedy auoull.ocoM slduouen3
Type
O Denhwe
PTOs thesis thal roplases one ombre teth velakd stuhure
in the meuth o3a dt Laxdeioriba
Paa tial Dentrre
prasthesis that Tes to res 0ne 0 moiebut net all
of the natwal teeth iB asecated
oructnes
dentue CFPD)
maybe
hired pordioal oT Remev a pakal oluntue (kPo).
Complde Dentuea: so rbwvan
umevbbdantd Pros theb thof veplates e ebe
danbben aeuaded shuctwes
ofmaulla f mandbk )
to oluAoiulos

dbuor osldavo
Diagnosis and Treatment planning
PATIENT EVALUATION
Jt incudes
GatPeople w h newomusuula disovelos thovs a
in
foend qoul Such poierds will have dfhiaulhy
adopiing derde
edtome teatme
to predid he
Aqe H is mportand
oldler paients uil have
Gmpronnised hankng onporsd hunarng
t yeung e pabierh
wh ora inelffend fo
Male paiends ae busy ,

Sez
Sez o roally mou luoned
trectment fmak pabenh
about aes Phhic

Padients can be classihed as

Ces mehc Jnde
Cosmetlic Ihdez - mDre contened aheul beasment
Closs High nominal expectahen
class Modeak osmehc Indhr treatmend
Low Cosmelk
Jnder -
net botherad obou
clas D to MM House
MM Hose
Atftudes of Pahenb Accovding to
Mental kave best rmentaleikid
This of puhents
PAloslosophicol equied qroup
foy complete
dardwne reatmerd

their oppeohaee
unconcened abeuk
Ind Hend They
axe

They ou cribcal abeuk teatmend, need eak

CribCvib cal procegu're o exgphined be in datai
slep of
uneal's hie expectahen f and H
Skephcal T h y h ae

bel tes thon nafwal keth

dardoe b be
excated appiaaf Sone ane
yehernsive

Hysteical They
They ae ughly
v) ah e mDtionali nstable.
 CLINICAL HISTORY TAKING
Name Addvesing a pabent by name p1ovides paychlogical bonsi
to the patiend
taun
hge Some oiseases axe liited to ce
age g7p T
Ser Mentahey f paient is offced by gende eabuwsn:
bubei i

Occup ahon' Ezecuh' es ales Tepresertah es repue moro

ideaus hic teth eeple working in plait 3 th h pheial
ezr bon g u'r uggedl feh prepiab
Pdld es Some endenit oisondars ke GHhned Puoresi's ae
Lotaun lealibes Pathend rom Suth Ltiesmay eguir
chanatkrizahon. teuth
Mepi cal Hisbry
The followina megica
eoliea Condi hons shpuld beTded eut beeie
beq innung ras uhe reatmen 3tat&33
3itd2al
Debibahing Diseases rp
Mast oFhe comple te dentue
Masto gt7iahicpafends
pabesif
pabens ane
n suffoing
beund to a
obe t blboo ysCTos trom
rom dabibabna ouiseaye
dabilahng ouseaye e
istuberules is
These ahios egur peufe
.

o TEe pau Blo

inshuch ons dartun cau on
up 9Ppoxntmens
Di Stases o Jenh
ondeo 2o
THU isovdere haveto be
jount is sfaothriks evaluakeo. Mst common osat
arel

Cnsdiovasuuan Dis eoe

0 Cadias pahans

Suin dieeast
uveashat le appbintmenh
epemphiqus have Ov manifu
maeation
tation owch moy
VD frbm wuc
be
staura.qeoohtobullalGnfa
n such
poieads
we
we opTo3 thons s hend
PT
 -Ne7o log ica DisorclaTs
Diceases such as Bells peluy arb'nson iscase Can tnfhuehce
duntune eternb on f jaw elation rtovols
Dental Hisfory
paten s 0h.
Chief Conmplaint: Shouls be recorded in own

Gives an idea abouut pohenl psy cheloyy

- feriod t edanhulousnes Thu's give inormahon abeut the ameut

resorphon Couse for tooh lbs sheuld ao

f pat
patern
lern obone
eng u Yeol

intormah en about preyious dadoe

Jncudes
Pre- treotment recorols
pr-eura chon e lonos o a gnejhe osh
Cunent denhuves,
reco rols
Jnclu dep-erbacb on
Taol ag raphs
Pre exbo chion
h et
Phe ograp ho, oiagreoti tas

prep ae diaxnes h'e

diaynes
to Cash sf
hc cash
J isnet emay
Di0
noshe
Cas t relah en
ja elahon.
jauo
ahudah'en
in a fentah
fentah ve
e
mo unt them in

EXTRA ORAL EXAMJNATJON

fm
-incluoles
evaluahien of faual features, hual
Faual eramunahon
hd
prohle f loner faia hug
Faual feahoes Mentelobial sulau

D Leng Hh f ips Labia Commsture

Lip hullnon
SuppeTt s Ups
hilum
Nasolahol l d
6Facia Prohle
So uoae
fronte ace on mS
dguoae topeng
Tapenuns
 Ladeal hue oms las I : Nomal retae

clos T Rrogmahuc 1e
closDPreqnaPhic sr
O Mascle tone
clas Nermal bnt, teraion plaiement t mustes
Cloas NoTmal muscle funchen, decvenatol tone
clas Decastd muatle funchen f tone.lul os
S i017sro
O
Gnplerion_pf Skin
Pale coor Df skin is indcahve of onasnia
Lp xamanahen
Lip suppo1tclasiked a
Adayuntely suppor hing
Unauppared
Lip mobi thyClol Norma
cla Radued mebiu
clan B Pohaly sed
Tick nes t ips Thick lips need as suppo from abhual
Lorgth lips her! ps evea mere of kh.
kps u closihed. as
Boed on lng,
0Long Aps
Mediunn /novtma
Short ps
Healh 4 lip Lips 0 examined fr
a tho cethens of tha hissures, Croks t ulee
mputh
FOTHJarrinaon
3t sheuls be arireo
forpn
a ,, movmehd,
movemend,jn
jeint sond
 JNTRA OPAL CXAMINATI ONS
O Saliva
NoTma 9ualty quank'hy fsoliva
clast I mucou

clasII Erce Sal va, (ohkains

clasD Decreoscd sob'va,muanu 1sl
Avch fovm
c las Sguane eo u
clos U Tapeuh iod gto o
clans Ovoid

&held be bany spiules

palpesed for beny spiules
Ridge Condous to y entiy ounded
yenty onded
closISguare to
Marilany Tidge Topvung
o V-shagtd
Clos
Clon D Flat

Ushope
Mandi bulos i dge clos Iinverkd
closs D Jnverkd Uskape, fHod vot
Clo Unfa v ouT able at

Ri'dae nelahon vidge

ulahon of mandibula
uidye fomaxlloy
oai h'onal
clan I - Norma
clonT Rerognauc

clanilr Prognathie
6 Frenal AHouhmerd -faverab.
altohmend
Clay I sudead o los the sudlge
heburean sulus f crest
ClonI Miduwy undaveuwnble

Cres h or kigh cad tachrnert

Clos
Clos I
Soll palafe
paladeiamest hovizontal uving gutly
tlasI of mos favDLwLahle a tho is mere
dounuonds Ths i
9 face oua thos can be covee d for vedend on

Clos T Seft palate tona douonwanos oabou1sangle

rom hand polat
wrot 3h
ClaxTr Soft palade tuma deunuwuols ghatply t abou
10 ngle frorn hand palase.
OTong ue Size

Om oll
Small
e ray
NOrmal ol0
Lngt sphirwrollop
Lotera Thsta Form
Clas Deep lae ral throot tom
das Mederade deral threas fovm
clarsU shallow ladevod hTOat fovm
talatpb
Lono&
Armamentanum
Mouth mroY

Straiqkt probe
Cuved probe
Twee ze
LaLron Cae
Wax knde
Wax Spatuo
Cement spatula
Matullic spatula
Chup blowe
a Spivit lavnp
Rulbbe bodl
Kidney troy
Slass sas

CD trous
Pesforaded
tNon-pevtorakd

T- burnshoy
Maan vals adiaulabr

Acrqle tivmmu
Cu stbna
ued bu
Stroiqld hss
Round bur
tolicking puff
Pumice Yoxrie uolf
tlamp 6 flask so pio)2
orqnveu

olko xoly
pluton?en
plutone
qlfirit

arl
ororrao
abute utayoM
 Preliminary (Primary)impressions
Definiion se of diognes's
odiognes's,
kenes maole
fo, the pwyose of
A
A negabve
otabon of a tay.
of atay
o tha
reatmant plavvning Aorco
Makials Useol

Alginakt
.Impreasien Compouho t
oator
ro
tray
Selech'ng thu Stock odes
o the si2e of
is sek cled accodlno
The
Th e bay enh e dontuw
dortu bearing ahea
bearng ahea
coven
he
sheud mucosa

mefuchon of
extend up to
of ottas 6mm ( inch) b
space
3heuld be a
Thera
the sides ef tray f dgeextend uptocovei
upto cove the
the
itshoul utiemela pad
etromola)poo
tha
Pos teriosy,
palatal seal anain mailla
m mandibes wx is aodded alno
olhned, uibly
19
the Hhe roy
boroler af hay
Ha posteuon

Preparahon
Til Rum
Padierd h pahient halinpmoin
oy fral
paiend by inpmus
hlp prpa
ha imynepin prceduu
7rial Tuls mnepit Acceouv
abou
i educakto
Thu patied
eguud
Co Opohah en 19 pumm
The Vau6us movenus
Vauéus mevemns

is asked ta
Th paenk danssi in ondn b meud
Aaguind o him
hun b
mpres Siom
 tray m Touuth
Tria uns ae perfotmed wth

The
Th impumions maole
ovly af le both poktnt f dhvuht ou
confdad o maneuwes

riolid
Jnsehnq Cendralzing Uppen Tray
The opehatos slands on uq ide of pokend
From
From khind hr ahent, aft hand is e l fo retraut Hu
Abft pper p & uuk.
The tray is isotod th ugk havd
The traysthen otoulto indo posi hon
The ppe lp is led to visunke he tray in elahbn
labial rtnum Hor
T h labial rerum is wed as a quide fo alin the midlive
o ro ered

Inseting Cenbalizing Lowes Tray

f
The opehodoy stands
tron Tight sioa o poahent
Left hond wed b verod ha cauk
v pohe
Wh h Pha oth, hahol h 8peao inseb
ho
impresinm rouy
or dorakPorr
Once inside, ha
ekd sida tou i wed trehou
Hu bH
uufoUovsing
notaed o posi hon
whidh he ufticde

Tha labio rem

wo a qui oe ance
 Stonoge ond Handing
Handing
Algi nate s especaly vuneabe To damersiomal dhaiges.
(sy neesis mbibihon)
The
Th algi hate impresion sheuld not be toied for too lona p
too long
Pesibe
shoulod be pownd 0
enly a

must alboe powud im madiakhy

The Smpeuo Impreion

fov 9Tatty auwnoy

mateua pTeion Conpsu s
Be ng a theamaploshc
vuwnable to omansional hanus

Disinfechon
mardbuwlos mpremons u insed in
Both mai llay t
dsineckd mmeI ko
7unning wate) f y
odusin fetond
Final impressions
Definibon th empehon of
of
The impresion thaf epresend
ugisttahon of Aufou o ohjed
mode
m aabeldk
m bode
is
Tha fnal amprenisn
Custon tray pabens
meut.
meuth
deckeod n
The Custorn roy i imade
m ak

meulkd h n a impenion
beden
berde
etend appsintmand
made od
J
Extensions
Chching Troy fborde moeldng
Hh tray
th tray
Prior t inihoton
Stakiby
edensions f slo
shot
is eched foy e hould he
should
b 3m
-3mm
a-
boders
peuipheral
Th
Tha 'on
o f uteh'on
Bdes
Beders fkres
Chacking th Facial cJackeel to se iit
ae

The bodor
he bode) hissues
Towbanos tray
ae
pulko
paleol

Tha chaks bps

Th displous he hay
maked imhud
i t
oas au
Pobbm
Tha

|inqua bondos fun chonal

ckedd bbfun
d cke
che chena
berdhs o
Te bngu of ha tongue.
movemsn
 Finalimpressions
Defin bon h
he domplehon of
The
Theimpression thaf topreser

uaistah on of Swfate o objecd

ma bode mo
9 made
Tha hnal ampresion
Cus tom tray meuH
meuth
checkeo n pabens
The Custorn tray m
m oa
cee

bendun moulkd E
hna imprenon
s e c e n d
cend Ppoirtmehd

made
J J is
Fdensions
e Chechinq Tray moelding the tray
in tiahon borde
Prios to exlehsions
Stabib hy
is che cked for ove

should h
- 3mm
he e - 3 m
short
shot
boxders should
Tha pepheal
o f u Pohon
Beydru
ckatking tha Focia to s e i f itimerfere
chackedl
The bog dors hissues
wth
he borde
ko Howsurds
Touwsnds rau
pulkdl
bps o

The clucesE
The
se it diplous the a
maked immed
oias as
Plebbm
Tho
Tha

| Linqual bonders
besds ou hu cked b fun chona
chona
Tla ng ual
o tu tonque.
movemamh
 The tras is stab;lhzed wi inosx Hngth ha
ha

pakend asked bung the orgue stought ed

Jf he ay TSes Vi9oTOusly hom pos Heros, he

tha
Aould be Twexexeoluing
distelnqu lahge
sheuld be uoued
te onque s meved
movnd
Dsplatument od the tray when

meq n thod
to ight diole w e u l d
oveuctnded VeMQ
when nque s raused towand
Displatment of tray
Aeuld hal oUnteuo pa bon 0
sot paal
Tegen
mean

I Dveertmeteol p
Senqual renum

Trimmuinq /Poavphoral Traang

Borde Moling Musce
Dehruton bodu auas oan imprusion tray
The shoping o
shoping moupulah'on of
manual
by
b hunthonal
adotend tboidv
or

to dupu'cade the entouw Ese

Lo olb poe
of vestibule

Bonden Moloing Maloials

Modellung empeuno shces
Audepelumou ung oyu
Ti sswe Lendi hers
paste
Pdlypthe mpreiOn

Jmprenion a s srubcod putt

fouopak 9preot
Hvtsyaer
 Methods Borde Molding
yprtrremu
Digita Maipulaion
Digitol finge) man pulaion
Digital chchs
dk spopue
wi h ma ounhi's fs
s
mud of
Eoy to per form doean eo u re

Pabent repehaton prda

Pq tal manipulahon sin
infuened y nechon of
mevement fora oppled
G Funchen alMevemanl T
They incude

Smib n ,w'sHins puckeivq mo hon

Suckinq meton
+ Suwallowinq moh'on
Lichng heps othen tonqu mevemens

G:) Combinakon'
JJ is the emb naion of dg tal ronipuation das
Rundhionad movements ovidad by pouhenb
be do ha wth the mauh gpen
The bondar mel he mo
or clo seo
Open mouth -echnigue
Hodpvkot
cloxd mouth echmgu

Mali ng o Fina Jmpvesion

clac nq the rulenh on

Pre paing instutinq paiend

 o thhol

he wRx
tray ele f
Prepan
Rameving ace

- Escope
heles
-Aduing he boidar
plying adhesie
the mouth
Ao echng
-Dryg the maut

Tke n a impresion
- Mixing

Loadi 9
Sebh he Ph trau

the impresio xodor

Rmo ng
prycJuosyg
Sna pe chn9
Co YTe chng prids
- Ramaki ng
is ohooe
pressi0n
Maunq
Factors Compkcab'ng Jmp

Unco opehafve pahens 6rod

ELCesive alivahoh

refox
Hy R ahve
9 uo
 Tawrelations
Also knouon as maillo- mordbulas relobo
Definifon
nypakal elobonahip moxilla 4 nas dll;
fha infinile hnandill
ulation o mandb
ay O of
maulla
to he

clastihcation
Boucher clashed maxi llo-wmandi buosuofo ivdo

3 grps
Ovientahion alaons

Vedtal relatons
Hovizontal ulatons
o
Ouentah'on J a Relatonsdoro
e n Crient
elathons u these hat
The
he oientahen
in suth a
to raium
tha mano ble p2estesias pesihon
mest pesibon
mest
in its
tha moible is kepl s0gitta plae aeurd
notrla in
Aon
a manaba thosugh hea the
an imoginasy ine pasimg

dendylas.
Ver hcal Relations
The dstance Lbeween seleted anatomal
makao oins (usual one on bp o noe esther pon
the din) Dne 6n a hxedohe on movabla mumber.
 Ver bical Jaw Relathons
Types of
C) Rest Vevtical Dimension (RVD]
Defined a distance ehwen sele ded peins
wih is on middhe of fage OY nose othe y ore
S on
on levvey foe or chun,
measured heh
Pho marnd.
H.
isin Physielogic rest positbon

) Occhusal Verbcal Dimension (ovd]

between &points whan
Jtis the ol'stance measured

momkers ave in contact

eccudinq Abrtoe-
hepl by Occu
OVD in derhdous indi vihuas
is establ's occlusal sh
Provided by teth
idividuals is estobliskuod h aha
eclantlous
OVD in
occwsal Yims
hup o

RVD OD (-4 mm)

oVD
G) Jner O ccusol Dimansion [od] oalo
vest spaceo teeway Spal
.Also knowh
Jt is he dlfeene behwean RVDE OVD
In nahural leh, ho treeway Spaco Tonges rem 1-8 m
, n Complut dantures space ofa-h mm af pemele,
Sugjonis give'h ptopo
Verhcal Ralahons
G Ohe
Spuh e
Sudh e
whah mouth is half oYwd

oo noq ficomu
n Th Constyuehon b datws
 Me thods o dekh ining Vebical Rlaion
T Mechanvcal muthods
(Ridge ralatons Dirlance om inusive popilla
Paxalle sm of idaqes

)Maoswwmant of former dhartures

G)Pe-eba chon rCor ds Frohl Tadiouraphs
frohle photog'aph
Avbculaded Cass
Kesin fa ce mas ks

Faua measuemanb
.Lead wwire silhouettes

DPhysiolegic Methols
P a v kha he ips afkr Swallovg
Physiolog ic est posi on tsts
Neswonge's mathod

seund
G) Phone hcs 0sing
h.'s
Usingh, J Sous

Slemoan's Clbsest speaking spae

Faual epsjon

estheha as q des
G) Faca epenpn
(iy Shallowing trehld
(Tactila ese . Lytle's methog (heuromusuwar percap hon)
Boos bimuky
sense a quida ottosio
Pahend s tach

)Eonygop
 Dimension

Decreased
Verbeal
Elfecis of cheusing efhcien ty
Decveased

chusk ng close
Cloe
oto nose
hore
lose hav
Appeanance
chun appea
isecuce d o ne wrinkle
booder
vexmullion Habby
fau apias
dacpera d
( auks ohelikes
heaclahe
TMJ pain eliding seund ,

dut to ove dloius

prelorgedd ove dlesue
Sydrome
-

Costen's

Limuded torngupou

hcreased Verbcal Dimanaibn:

lech of
Discemmort anneyone to paberd
mulosa
Trauma to wrdelynq

Rapid es@pt n of alwreolar bene

dhcking of tth
Rapid wea dowyle ath
9hrained Ppean (longped ouw
.Difhulky in
lesirg p
fkulhy in Awalleu

Hovizondal Jao Relationg

Phiipp Pal wa rt dotbe a e qu
takinq a bite

St was also nowh as

mugh /bisuit/S9uo
 classifcofon

( iCendic elahons
helabond

9ielal Pvetusive elahon

Eccendric
ons pRigt lodoal
G)
LLaleval laion L Lest loesl
CENTRIC RELATION

the maillomanelibulph relohionship in id

His delined as
les ahculale w Hh hinnest awsuas pokon of thin
condyles
Hcondy
p eche disks wi th ha comrer in andeios -supeig pos bion
the shape of avbcuula emuhentes Thisposihion
nat
agat
ConactThis gosi hon is clini cally
toofh
indepen dlent of mandi Le is di'vededupeiely Eanseiod
dscen ble
e emi be hen the
Testricte d to a puely votosynevemank hout hu
is
hoilzental aus
r a n s vease

STquiconce oCendc Relation:

to occaude a tontue ralabon.
Avtiliual tech ane est et
epooduble ove a peiod fof Sme
JE is Tecordoble suusen
ah
an u sen
Refesenue b estoblskinq
a
seAes as

hnte thoh erbcal ehon Ei,

s more
Ths posi tren ofeeth.
abscehu
Presenen ce
or
indephdent
when centic relahon Centric ecchusion b natual teclk
sttutues eun A a
sond coiniele the pesioolontal
a endonopud
croalt
AccusLalely Te Co Yded Cantric velaton han ransfevred f 44.
onhulahv peamits Propex adustmrls of Cendar guickne
for Cenr el o7eccentic
mo yernent
insumevdstti
EroTS in mounh no tha Casts on
arhiculab Can b
daleed hon he Aarubrlc relathon i w ed as he

hoizenhl eferenue position '

n a ccuhale cantic elouhon ecokcd, propely tiels He

lovwen Cast fo opong axs of ahalator tt mandikL
TAJ9
Recording Contric Ralakon Bie Rqitbaion]
After sufhuent raining ho ma
of pakent to rabruoe ha mard:ll
ntie ulaton, tha pes hon obtaunudmust se ee rled
Telordad
T's is known as cenic relothon ekondl
Tis eced s hecesy m ode to ransfen t's rlako,
toa atculatey or
Methods
C)Minima closin prewu
C) Heavy clesna preswe
Adwavt.ges
Occlusa tore es a evenky dbstmbdeg vey he reidual vidges
wwde heaNy eads
Disad voyd0.ges
Jf A saft ssues hqve Uneven tick nes, the feth tontoct
whe veny ad fvst contad
in n vous pahents.
Uneven contac may cauje denv ng

Methodb Recordin Cevtbic Relation :

Tach oT me bcchusa duk eordassbro b olsseooA
Funcional matho o Needha Heuse makod
(i) mathod
cw-in Tatfer Son s
Mayes s mathod
C8) Garaphc Ymethods
methods
Iraeral troing
Extobra traun
Tominal hinge a s method
(otar mathods Strips of Glhdeid p laied behuen is
Heahing ufaie Oho im

poedne mlhed
Da heetina
Decp 0

ECCENTRIC RELATJONS

isis the malomandhlar ralahon in any other heritonol

olationshipothe han Conic pesibion
elation Te Cords u wsed To proqram he
The eccentie
gPbuatoT to simtbte th pahent s jqw mevemends
Types
Ci) Pro busive
C) Laderal (Kiqkt Lef)
Mehecls to Recored Ecentric Ralatien a
Funchohal muhods
Excursive (Graphic)
Dived haele re Coros

Pyotrwive Relation
pasihon anterior h hef
Thamendibe
h e maro can be prot uded to a

Cendric relabon

Pplanemahon n his pesi hon, a weae

distensen
iS obser ved in tha fe evior sechen buweeh
plae shaped pening opaninq
ewer occuool sim

APplicekion hor12onfel Gondya nce

To proqsam tha