LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION ➔ He holds the SE Registration No.

0001
Republic Act No. 1364 June 18, 1955
● “Sanitary Engineering Law” ● Passage of Republic Act 1364 “An act to regulate
● Act to regulate the Practice of Sanitary the practice of SE in the Philippines”
Engineering in the Philippines
By-Laws of PSSE on December 03, 2015 pursuant to
Sanitary Engineer Memorandum Circular No. 35 series of 2009 by the
● Person duly registered with the Board of Commission on Higher Education.
Examiners for Sanitary Engineers as provided in The fields of Specialization of Sanitary Engineers are:
R.A. 1364 1. Environmental Engineering
● Branch of civil engineering concerned primarily 2. Environmental Management
with the maintenance of the environmental 3. Public Health Engineering
conditions conducive to public health. 4. Plumbing And Fire Protection
5. Solid Waste Engineering
Philippine Society of Sanitary Engineers, Inc. (PSSE) 6. Wastewater Engineering
● Only one professional organization of Sanitary 7. Water Supply Engineering
Engineers in the Philippines accredited by
Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) As of September 2017
● There are total of 3,265 Registered Sanitary
Engr. Emilio Liza Ejercito Sr. Engineers pursuant to RA 1364
● Father of Sanitary Engineering in the Philippines
● earliest practitioners of sanitary engineering in the 13 Schools offering Baccalaureate degree in SE
philippines and became the first sanitary engineer 1. Saint Paul University -Tuguegarao
of manila 2. University Of Northern Philippines - Vigan
3. Technological Institute Of The Philippines - QC
Before the outbreak of World War II 4. National University - Manila
● A group of enterprising civil engineers with 5. Mapua University - Manila
specialized studies in sanitary engineering 6. University Of Baguio - Baguio
obtained in USA initiated the formation of PSSE 7. University Of Cordillera - Cordillera
● Their Collective effort was cut short by WWI. 8. De La Salle University - Cavite
9. Batangas State University - Batangas
During 1943 - 1944 10. Partido State University - Bicol Region
● The japanese forces allowed a select few colleges 11. University Of Southeastern Philippines
of the university of the philippines to open, Dr. 12. Western Mindanao State University
Reynaldo M Lesaca was appointed initially as 13. Manuel L Quezon University - QC
assistant instructor of sanitary engineering under
Dr. Hilario Lara (Dean of Institute of Hygiene) As of January 2022
● Total of 3,923 registered SE
By early fifties
● A consensus emerge among the academic LESSON 2: REPUBLIC ACT NO. 1364 SANITARY
chance and civil engineers to recognize sanitary ENGINEERING LAW”
engineering as a separate and highly specialized Sanitary Engineering
field and compassing, as it did, biology, sanitary ● Recommended engineering course in our modern
chemistry and water analysis and related water times
and wastewater against pollution ● Our country needs more sanitary engineers to
address public health issues arising from the rapid
1951 growth of population and to mitigate the
● PSSE was revived through the efforts of Don worsening environmental problems
Emilio L Ejercito Sr with the help of Engr.
Antonio Menor, Engr. Lamberto Un Ocampo, Task of Sanitary Engineers
among others ➔ Cleaning Up The Environment
● They work for the propagation of formal courses ➔ Pollution Control Air Water And Land
and enactment of Law regulating the practice of ➔ Protects Public Health
sanitary engineering profession ➔ Sanitation And Hygiene
➔ Solid Waste Management
1953 ➔ Communicable Disease Prevention
● Soon after election of President Ramon ➔ Water Supply Engineering
Magsaysay MWD was organized into the National ➔ Sanitary Sewerage System And Disposal
Water Works Of Severage or NAWASA mainly ➔ Storm Drainage System
through the effort of Engineer Susano R Negado ➔ Wastewater Treatment
➔ Engr. Susano R. Negado - helped draft a ➔ Industrial Hygiene
Law recognizing Sanitary Engineering ➔ Sanitary Science As Applied To Buildings
(SE) as a separate engineering specialty. ★ Fire Protection System
 ★ Life and Safety ➔ Reservoirs
★ Swimming Pools
Basic Educational Requirements
● Four Year (4) Baccalaureate Program In Sanitary
Engineering Our Environmental And Sanitary
Engineering
● Pass The Board Examination In Sanitary
Engineering

Cost of Education ➔ Sewerage Treatment Plants

● Cost of education may range from php 40,000 to
php 60,000 per semester in private schools and
universities, cost of education is less in state
universities.

Employment Opportunities
● Environmental Engineering
● Public Health Engineering
● Water Supply And Sanitary Sewerage
Engineering ➔ Drainage and Sewer System
● Water And Wastewater Treatment Engineering
● Industrial Hygiene Officer
● Sanitary Science As Applied To Buildings
★ Engineering Plumbing System
★ Fire Protection System
● As A Building Official

Republic Act No. 1364

Section 2:
➔ Other Structures of Public Health and Welfare
Practice of Sanitary Engineering shall embrace the
following activities:
a. Sanitary Surveys, Reports, Design, Direction,
Management, Consultation of the following:

➔ Water Purification Plants

➔ Malaria Control Structures

➔ Water Distribution and Collection System 2. Projects Relating to:
● Stream Pollution
● Insects And Vermin Control Or Eradication
● Rural And Camp Sanitation
● Milk And Food Sanitation

3. Systems for the prevention of atmospheric

pollution or the control of indoor air, especially the
air of working spaces in industrial establishment
➔ Sewage Disposal Tanks
Section 12. Holding of examinations
● Examination should be given in the City Of Manila
● Beginning the last Monday Of January And
August of each year

Section 13. Subjects to Examine

Section 28. Field Of Action Authorized For Sanitary

Engineering
 ● It shall be unlawful for any person, unless 9. Shall advise his employer or client that the
exempted from registration under section 20 of engagement of professional services should not
this act be based purely on monetary considerations.
10. Shall avoid self-laudation in advertisement and
Section 29. Preparation Of Plants And Supervision Of make false statements with respect to his
Construction By Registered Sanitary Engineers qualifications and experience.
Required
LECTURE 4: PUBLIC HEALTH ENGINEERING:NEXUS
Section 35. Effectivity OF ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH
● This act shall take effect upon its approval.
Approved, June 18 1955 ● Public Health - the art and science of preventing
disease, prolonging life and promoting health
LESSON 3: CODE OF ETHICS FOR SANITARY through the organized efforts of society
ENGINEERS ● Public Health Engineering - deals with the
control of the environment, with those
Ethics modifications and protective and preventive
● Moral principles as of an individual measures that have been found desirable or
● That branch of philosophy dealing with values necessary for providing optimum conditions for
relating to human conduct with respect to the health and well-being
rightness and wrongness of certain actions and to
the goodness and badness of the motives and ● Determinants of Health
ends of such actions ❖ Physical Environment
❖ Socio-economic Environment
❖ Individual Characteristics and Behavior
1. Shall discharge his duties faithfully, efficiently with
fairness and impartiality to all for the benefit of
God, his country, his fellowmen and lastly to
himself.
2. Shall uphold the honor and dignity of the
profession, maintain an honest reputation,
broadens public knowledge and appreciation to
sanitary and environmental engineering, its
achievements and accomplishments.
3. Shall oppose any false and exaggerated
statements not based on facts regarding
engineering achievements, nor shall express an
opinion on engineering subject unless it is
founded on adequate knowledge and conviction
on his part.
● Epidemiological triad - disease will occur if the
4. Shall act for his client or his employer in a
environment will favor infection of the host
professional manner as a faithful agent or trustee
(human or animal) by the pathogens
and in instances when in his judgment his final
client decision may defer from his own, he must
explain the possible consequences.
5. Shall accept remuneration and compensation only
from his client for services actually rendered and
in instances wherein the client and payor are of
different personalities, he must inform all parties
concerned.
6. Shall respect the opinion and work of another
engineer for the same client and shall not review
the same without informing such engineer or
unless the relationship of the engineer and the
client has terminated.
7. Shall maintain friendly relationship with his fellow
engineers, and shall not directly injure the
business reputation or employment position of
another engineer.
8. Shall maintain fair play when competing for a job
by not taking advantage of his salaried position or
exerting undue influence to offer, solicit and
accept compensation for the purpose of effecting
negotiations for a professional engagement. Human Activities for Development
Key Industries ● Water regulation- disruption will affect water
● Agriculture quantity and quality, leading to water associated
● Manufacturing diseases
● Mining ● Erosion regulation - disruption will cause
● Construction landslides/mudslides that will result to deaths or
● Transportation injuries
● Electronic ● Water purification and waste treatment-
● Energy production disruption will affect water quality, leading to
● Food water-associated diseases
● Entertainment ● Disease regulation- disruption can directly
change the abundance of human pathogens such
as cholera, and can alter the abundance of
disease vectors, such as mosquitoes
● Pest regulation - disruption of natural pest
control due to biodiversity loss will affect food
security and nutrition status
● Pollination - disruption will affect the distribution,
abundance, and effectiveness of pollinators that
can contribute to nutrition problems and
non-communicable diseases
● Natural hazard regulation- disruption will limit
the functions of coastal ecosystems such as
mangroves and coral reefs in preventing
typhoons and storm surges that can cause deaths
and injuries

Supporting
● Nutrient cycling - disruption can impair soil
fertility resulting in reduced crop yields which
impair the nutritional status of households and
diet deficiencies and harm children’s physical and
mental development
● Water cycling - disruption will affect availability
and quality of fresh water for drinking that could
lead to water related diseases
● Photosynthesis- disruption will affect the
provision of clean oxygen and food from plants
necessary for body functions and nutrition

Ecosystem Services Cultural

● Spiritual and recreational services -
Provisioning ecosystems provide sites and opportunities for
● Food- undernutrition accounts for nearly 10 tourism, recreation, aesthetic appreciation,
percent of the global burden of disease inspiration and education which can improve
● Water- water-associated infectious diseases mental health
claim up to 3.2 million lives each year,
approximately 6 percent of all deaths globally Environmental Modifications
● Timber, fibre and fuel - about 7 million annual
global deaths due to outdoor and indoor air ● Construction of dams and irrigation canals-
pollution from organic fuels provide ideal habitat for snails that serve as the
● Biological Products- use of natural products in intermediate reservoir host species for
the pharmaceutical industry has tended to schistosomiasis
fluctuate widely, with a general decline in ● Irrigated rice fields- increase the extent of
pharmaceutical bioprospecting by major mosquito breeding surface, increasing the chance
companies of transmission of mosquito-borne malaria,
lymphatic filariasis, and Japanese encephalitis
Regulating ● Deforestation- has increased the risk of malaria
● Air quality regulation - disruption will affect air in Africa and South America by increasing habitat
quality, leading to air pollution related diseases suitable for malaria transmitting mosquitoes
● Climate regulation- disruption will impact on ● Uncontrolled urbanization - in the forest
climate sensitive diseases ecosystem has been associated with
mosquito-borne viruses (arboviruses) in the
Amazon and with lymphatic filariasis in Africa
 ● Poor water supply systems, inadequate
garbage and wastewater disposal systems, Republic Act 9003
and lack of shelter in urban areas promote ● Ecological Solid Waste Management Act Of 2000
transmission of dengue fever, Zika virus disease ● First law signed by former President Gloria
and chikungunya diseases Macapagal Arroyo
● Habitat fragmentation - with subsequent ● Approved on January 26 2001
biodiversity loss, increases the prevalence in ticks ● Took effect on February 16 2001
of the bacteria that causes Lyme disease in North
America Institutional Mechanism (National Level)
● Overcrowded and mixed livestock practices- The National Solid Waste Management Commission
as well as the trade in bush meat, can facilitate (NSWMC)
interspecies host transfer of disease agents, ● Overseas the implementation of SWM plan
leading to dangerous novel pathogens such as ● Prescribe policies to achieve the objective of the
SARS and new strains of influenza Act
● Composed of 17 members
RA 1364 and Public Health Engineering ➔ 14 members for the government sector
➔ 3 members from the private sector
Sanitary surveys, reports, design, direction,
management, consultation, investigation, professional NSWMC Members (Government Sector)
research and laboratory works on: 1. DENR Chair;
● Water purification plants; water collection and 2. DILG;
distribution systems;reservoirs 3. DOST;
● Drainage and sewer systems; sewage treatment 4. DPWH;
plants;sewage disposal tanks 5. DOH;
● Malaria control structures and other structures for 6. DTI;
public health and welfare 7. DA;
● Insect and vermin control or eradication; rural and 8. MMDA;
camp sanitation; milk and food sanitation 9. LPP;
● Atmospheric pollution or the control indoor air, 10. LCP;
especially the air of working spaces in industrial 11. LMP;
establishments ; stream pollution 12. Liga ng mga Barangays;
13. TESDA;
PRC Board Exam and Public Health Engineering 14. PIA;
● Food and milk sanitation
● Insect and vermin control
● Sanitation and hygiene
❖ Establishments and public places(industry,
commercial)
❖ Community, household
❖ Emergency
❖ Disposal of dead persons
● Biostatistics and vital statistics
● Control of communicable diseases

NSWMC Members (Private Sector)

1. A representative from the Non-Government
Organizations (NGOs);
2. A representative from the Recycling Industry
(Present Vice Chairman) ;
3. A representative from the Manufacturing Or
Packaging Industry ;

LESSON 5. REPUBLIC ACT 9003 - “ECOLOGICAL

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ACT OF 2000”
 3. Slope Covering(Levelling and Compaction)
Application and Maintenance of Soil Cover

● Covering material of soil, inert/stable or clay

material
SWM System ● Final cover of at least 60 cm compacted soil (15
● Waste Generation cm topsoil and 45 cm compacted soil)
● Waste Avoidance ● The topsoils will:
● Storage ❖ Serve as protection layer for the
● Collection compacted soil cover
● Transfer And Transport ❖ Support plant growth
● Processing And Recovery ❖ Barrier to reduce entry of water into the
● Biomass Processes And Technologies waste pile
● Disposal ❖ Minimize gas migration
❖ Minimize the emission of odors
❖ Prevent person or animals from getting
MANDATORY into the underlying waste
Solid Waste Diversion
Within 5 years upon the effectivity of the act (by year Provision of Drainage Control System
2006) the LGU should divert at least 25% of the waste ● Peripheral canals or ditches should be
from disposal facilities through re-use, recycling, constructed around the site to divert runoff
composting, and other resource recovery activities ● To prevent contact of the waste pile with water
thereby reducing the potential for leachate
Waste diversion goals should be increased every 3 generation
years (thereafter year 2009)
Leachate Management
Avoid generating Waste ● Canal or ditch built at the points of the exit of the
● Practice the 3 R's REDUCE, RE-USE, leachate from the waste pile
RECYCLE ● Evaporation or re-circulation may be allowed in
small working areas
● Treatment for collected leachate
● Natural attenuation maybe resorted for small
quantities of leachate
● The contaminated liquid must not be allowed to
drain unto streams or natural bodies of water

Components of the Safe Closure and Rehabilitation

Plan
1. Site Clearing
● Removal of storage areas for recyclables, Gas Management
makeshift huts and other structures within ● In case of gas, vents made up of local materials
the boundaries of disposal facility such as bamboo or PVC pipes may be installed at
● Relocation or alternative source of income selected points within the waste pile. As a general
to waste pickers should also be part of the rule, vents may be spaced 50 meters apart.
plan

2. Site Grading and Stabilization of Critical

Slopes
● Compaction of the exposed waste
● Site graded to slopes ranging from 2 to 4% to
facilitate drainage and prevent local ponding
● Side slopes can be generally set at the ratio of 1 Sanitary Landfill
vertical to 3 horizontal or gentler depending in the ● Is a disposal site designed, constructed, operated
nature of waste and actual site conditions and maintained in a manner that exerts
engineering control over significant environmental
 impact arising from the development and General Compliance Requirement for Sanitary
operation of the facility Landfill based on RA 9003

● Operation performance standards

❖ Waste placement
❖ Odor control
❖ Daily soil cover

Sanitary Landfill Function ● Environmental Monitoring

● The sanitary landfill system must be designed ❖ Groundwater monitoring
with consideration toward preserving the ❖ Surface water monitoring
environment by preventing undue incidents such
as overflowing of the waste and leachate ● Closure and post closure
seepage, propagation of vectors and attracting ❖ Closure program
animals, scattering of wastes and emission of ❖ Application for final cover
unpleasant odor.

The main function of sanitary landfill are as follows: Method in Landfilling

1. Storage and Treatment ● Trench Method

An effective sanitary landfill must be designed to ❖ The trench method consists of an
have the capability of storing and safely excavated trench into which the solid
containing the waste within its boundary and wastes are spread, compacted and
retaining the leachate from seeping out and covered.
polluting the surrounding environment. It is also ❖ The trench method is best suited for
necessary to prevent the waste from scattering nearly level land where the water table is
and emitting unpleasant odor. It is essential that not near the surface. Usually the soil
leachate quantity be reduced and treated. The excavated from the trench is used for
amount of emitted gases such as methane should cover material.
also be minimized.
● Area Method
2. Environmental protection ❖ The area method is best suited for flat or
The environmental protection function is essential gently sloping areas where some land
to minimize and prevent harmful effects to human depressions may exist. The wastes are
health and to protect the surrounding natural spread, compacted and then covered with
environment. Such harmful effect are caused by material which may need to be hauled in
problems associated with the discharge of from adjacent areas.
leachate from the landfill, emission of volatile
greenhouse gases, foul odor, vector and other
forms of pollutant such as noise and disturbances.

Sanitary Landfill Facilities

1. The Operations Facilities
The operations facilities necessary for the actual
operations and use of the landfill site, i.e, retaining
structures, bunds, lining system, drainage system,
leachate collection, and treatment facilities, gas
collection system, cover system.

2. The Management Facilities

The management facilities shall be necessary for
the daily management activities of the landfill site.
Such include the administrative office,
weighbridge and weighbridge station.

3. The Supporting Facilities

The supporting facilities shall be common facilities
necessary to support the other management and
operation facilities such as access roads, fencing,
workshop, vehicle cleansing facility, fire
prevention system.