Muscles

of
Upper
Limb

Done by:
Malak Qasem
 MUSCLES OF
PECTORAL REGION
N.
Muscle Origin Insertion Action
supply
by 2 heads; 1.Adduction, flexion &
1.Clavicular head: medial rotation of arm
Anterior surface of 2.Clavicular head:
medial 1⁄2 of clavicle. 1.Lateral flexion of extended
By a flat bilaminar
Pectoralis 2.Sternocostal head: pectoral arm
tendon into the
-front of sternum nerve 3.Sternocostal head:
major lateral lip of
-upper 7 costal 2.Medial extension of flexed arm
bicipital groove of
cartilages pectoral 4.Insertion fixed+Arm
humerus.
-aponeurosis of nerve raised: draws the trunk
external abdominal upwards as
oblique M. in swimming, playing
gymnastics & climbing.

Pectoralis From 3rd , 4th & 5th Into upper

Medial
ribs surface of Protraction+
minor pectoral
(just lateral to their coracoid depression of shoulder
nerve
costal cartilage) process of scapula

subclavian groove
Subclavius junction between
(lower surface of N. to Stabilization+ fixation
1st rib & its
middle 1/3 of subclavius of clavicle
costal cartilage
clavicle)

Into ventral
medial border of
scapula: -Protraction+
N. to
By 8 fleshy slips from -1st: opposite depression of shoulder
Serratus serratus
the upper 8 ribs superior angle. -Lower 5 digitations;
anterior
Anterior (*interdigitating with -2nd & 3rd: along help in rotation up
(long
external abdominal the (lateral rotation) of
thoracic
oblique muscle) medial border. scapula+Abduction>90
nerve)
-Lower 5: degrees
opposite inferior
angle.
 THE BACK MUSCLES
Muscle Origin Insertion N. supply Action
1.Upper fibers:
Posterior border of
-Upper: elevation
1.External occipital lateral ⅓ of clavicle
protuberance+medial ⅓ 1.Motor: spinal -Lower: retraction
of superior nuchal line 2.Middle fibers: accessory nerve
Medial border of (11th cranial -Lower+Upper
Trapezius 2.Ligamentum nuchae + acromion+upper lip N.). (with lower 5
C7 spine of spinous crest 2. Sensory digitations of
(proprioceptive) serratus anterior):
3.Spines+Supraspinous 3.Lower fibers: :C3 & C4. upward rotation of
scapula from (90°-
ligaments of (T1 – T12) Tubercle at medial
180°).
end of scapular
spine

1.Pelvic: Posterior ⅓ of
outer lip of the iliac
Latissimus crest of hip bone
2.Vertebrel: Lumbar
dorsi fascia + spine Adduction
* The only Floor of bicipital N. to latissimus
of lower 6 thoracic Medial rotation
muscle of UL vertebrae. groove of humerus dorsi (C 6,7,8)
Extension of arm
which has 3.Costal: back of
pelvic att. lower 3 or 4 ribs
4.Scapular: back of
inferior angle

Back of med border

Levator Elevation+
upper 4 cervical ;between superior
rotation down of
scapulae vertebrae angle and the
scapula
scapular spine

N. to
Rhomboideus -Lower part of rhomboides Retraction+
root of scapular
ligamemtum nuchae (Dorsal rotation down of
Minor spine
-Spines of C7+T1 scapular nerve) scapula

Back of med border

Rhomboideus Spines+supraspinous Retraction+
;between inferior
ligaments of (T2,3,4,5) rotation down of
Major angle and root of
scapula
scapular spine
 SHOULDER MUSCELS
Muscle Origin Insertion N. supply Action

Upper
Supraspinatus impression of Initiation of
Medial ⅔ of
greater abduction of
supraspinous fossa
tuberosity of shoulder (0-18)
humerus
Suprascapular
N.
Middle
Infraspinatus Medial ⅔ of impression of Adduction & lateral
infraspinous fossa greater rotation of shoulder
tuberosity

Lowest
Upper ⅔ of the dorsal
impression of Adduction & lateral
Teres minor aspect of lateral Axillary N
greater rotation of shoulder
border of scapula
tuberosity

-Adduction
Lower 1/3 of the dorsal Lower
Medial lip of -extension
Teres major aspect of lateral subscapular
bicipital groove -medial rotation of
border of scapula nerveL
shoulder

Upper & Adduction &

Medial ⅔ of Lesser
Subscapularis Lower medial rotation of
subscapular fossa tuberosity
subscapular N. shoulder

1.Anterior fibers:
1.Anterior fibers:
Flexion+medial
anterior & upper
rotation of shoulder
surface of
lateral ⅓ of clavicle
2.Middle fibers:
Deltoid 2. Middle fibers: Deltoid
Axillary N. Abduction of
lateral border of tuberosity
shoulder (18-90)
acromion process.
3. Posterior fibers:
3.Posterior fibers:
inferior lip of crest of
Extension+ lateral
scapular spine
rotation of shoulder
 FRONT OF ARM
Muscle Origin Insertion N. supply Action

acts on 3 joints:
1.Short head: -shoulder joint: helps
apex of coracoid flexion of shoulder
1.by tendon into
process
posterior part of
Biceps brachii 2.Long head: -elbow joint: flexion
radial tuberosity
supraglenoid of supinated forearm
of radius musculo-
tubercle within the
2.bicipital cutaneous N.
shoulder joint -radio-ulnar joints:
aponenurosis
(intracapsular & supination of partially
extrasynovial) flexed forearm

Coracobrachialis coracoid process into middle of

Flexion & adduction
(with short head of medial border of
of arm
biceps) humerus

-Lateral part:
lower ½ of the anterior surface radial N. flexion of forearm
Brachialis anterior surface of of cronoid -Medial part: (only on elbow joint)
humerus process of ulna musculo-
cutaneous N.

BACK OF ARM
N.
Muscle Origin Insertion Action
supply
it has 3 heads:
1.Main extensor of
1.Long head:
the elbow joint
infraglenoid tubercle of
posterior part of 2.long head:
scapula (extracapsular)
upper surface of Radial N. -adduction of arm
Triceps brachii 2.Lateral head: above the
olecranon process -supports shoulder
radial groove (on post.
of ulna joint inferiorly in the
surface of humerus)
abducted position of
3.Medial head (deep):
arm
below the radial groove

Articularis Cubiti pulls capsule

deep surface of the lower Back of the
posteriorly during
(Subanconeus part of the triceps (medial capsule of elbow
extension of the
muscle) head) joint
joint
 FRONT OF FOREARM
N.
Muscle Origin Insertion Action
supply
I.Superficial group

1- Humeral head: - Flexion of

lower 1/3 of med. elbow
supracondylar ridge Middle of - Pronation of
1.Pronator teres & common flexor lateral surface forearm
origin of radius
(no action on
2- ulnar head wrist)

Median
2.Flexor carpi Palmar surface of N. Flexion &
common flexor
bases of 2nd+3rd abduction of
radialis origin
metacarpal bones wrist

-Apex of
3.Palmaris longus common flexor palmar Flexion of
(Could be absent) origin aponeurosis wrist
-Flexor retinaculum

4.Flexor carpi 1- humeral head: -Pisiform Flexion &

common flexor origin -hook of hamate Ulnar N. adduction of
ulnaris 2- Ulnar head -5th metacarpal bone wrist

- Flexion of
II. Middle Layer wrist.
By 4 tendons into
1-humeroulnar head: Median - Flexion of
middle
common flexor origin N. proximal+middl
Flexor digitorum phalanges of medial
2-radial head e
4 fingers
superficialis phalanges of
medial 4 fingers

**common flexor origin: front of medial epicondyle

 FRONT OF FOREARM
Muscle Origin Insertion N. supply Action

III. Deep Layer

-Upper 2/3 of ant. anterior - Flexion of

1.Flexor pollicis Terminal
surface of radius interosseous N. wrist
phalanx of
longus (branch from - Flexion of
thumb
-interosseous membrane median) thumb joints

Terminal - Flexion of
-Lateral 1/2:
Upper 2/3 of ant. & phalanges of wrist
2.Flexor digitorum anterior
med.surface of ulna medial 4 fingers - Flexion of
interosseous N.
profundus (deep to flexor medial
-Medial 1/2:
-interosseous membrane digitorum 4 fingers
Ulnar N.
superficialis) joints

3.Pronator Lower ¼ of
From lower ¼ of anterior Pronation of
ant. surface
quadratus ant. surface of ulna interosseous N. forearm
of radius
 BACK OF FOREARM
Muscle Origin Insertion N. supply Action

I. Superficial
Layer
1.Anconeus back of lateral upper part of
Extension of the
(short, the rest epicondyle of posterior surface of
elbow
are long) humerus ulna

1.Flex elbow
upper 2/3 of
in mid prone position
2.Brachioradialis lateral
above the styloid radial N. 2.Initiates pronation
supraondylar
process of radius & supination of
ridge
forearm

3.Extensor carpi lower 1/3 of

back of base of
lateral
radialis second
supraondylar
longus metacarpel bone Extension+
ridge
abduction of hand
4. Extensor carpi back of base of (wrist joint)
common extensor
radialis third
origin
brevis metacarpel bone

by 4 tendons into
back of bases of
5. Extensor middle+distal Extension of MP+IP
common extensor
phalanges of the joints of
digitorum origin
medial 4 fingers posterior medial 4 fingers
through extensor interosseous
expansion N. of
radial N.

6. Extensor common extensor extensor expansion of Extension of little

digiti minimi origin little finger finger joints

common extensor
7. Extensor carpi origin back of base of Extension+
-ulnar aponeurosis fifth adduction of hand
ulnaris (post. border of metacarpel bone (wrist joint)
ulna)

**common extensor origin: front of lateral epicondyle

 BACK OF FOREARM
Muscle Origin Insertion N. supply Action

II. Deep group

by 2 heads :
-Superficial head:
a.radial collateral lig. of
1. Supinator elbow Supination
front, lat., back of
(short, the rest are b.annular lig. of superior of extended
upper 1/3 of radius
long) RU joint arm
-Deep head:
supinator fossa and
supinator crest of ulna

abduction+
-post. of radius below
back of base of extension of
2. Abductor pollicis supinator
first thumb
-post. of ulna below posterior
longus metacarpal bone (carpo-
anconeus interosseous
of thumb metacarpal
-interosseous membrane N. of joint)
radial N.
extends
3. Extensor pollicis back of base of
-posterior of radius proximal
proximal phalanx
brevis -interosseous membrane phalanx of
of thumb
thumb

extends
4. Extensor pollicis back of base of
-posterior of ulna distal
distal phalanx
longus -interosseous membrane phalanx of
of thumb
thumb

-posterior of ulna
-interosseous membrane extensor extension of
5. Extensor indicis
(below extensor policis expansion of index index joints
longus)
 PALM OF HAND
Muscle Origin Insertion N. supply Action
I. Thenar muscles
(of thumb):

1.Abductor pollicis Abduction of

brevis (externally) thumb

2.Flexor pollicis brevis Median N.

Flexion of thumb
(internally)

3.Opponens pollicis opsonization of

thumb towards
(in between) other digits

4.Adductor pollicis Ulnar N.

II. Hypothenar muscles

(of little finger):
1.Abductor digiti minimi
(externally)
2.Flexor digiti minimi
Ulnar N.
(internally)
3.Opponens digiti minimi
(in between)
 PALM OF HAND
Muscle Origin Insertion N. supply Action

-Deepening the
hollow of palm to
improve the grip
-medial margin of during holding a
Superficial
palmar Into skin of rounded object
terminal
Palmaris brevis aponeurosis ulnar border
branch of
of hand -It’s a thin sheet of
Ulnar N.
-flexor retinaculum SC muscle which
cover proximal part
of hypothenar
muscles

Four Lumbrical
muscles Extensor -L1+L2:
Tendons of Writing position
expansion Median N.
L1+L2: unipennate flexor digitorum (flexion of MCPjs.+
of medial 4 -L3 & L4:
profundus extension of IPjs.)
L3 & L4: bipennate fingers Ulnar N.

Four palmar Interosseii

(Unipennate) 1-Writing position
2- Adduction (PAD)
1st palmar interosseous of fingers
muscle may be absent

Ulnar N.

Four dorsal Interosseii 1-Writing position

(Bipennate) 2- Abduction (DAP)