JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

M.Pharmacy (PHARMACOLOGY)

COURSE STRUCTURE AND SYLLABUS

I Year – II Semester
Category Course Title Int. marks Ext. L P C
marks
Core Course IV Advanced Pharmacology- II 25 75 4 -- 4
Core Course V Advanced Screening Methods and Toxicology 25 75 4 -- 4
Core Course VI Advances in Pharmacotherapy 25 75 4 -- 4
Core Elective II 1. Biostatistics And Research Methodology 25 75 4 -- 4
2. Screening Methods & Clinical Research
Open Elective II 1. Stability of Drugs and Dosage Forms 25 75 4 -- 4
2. Nano Based Drug Delivery Systems
3. Nutraceuticals
4. Clinical Toxicology
5. Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
Laboratory III Advanced Pharmacology –II Lab 25 75 4 -- 4
Laboratory IV Advanced Screening Methods and Toxicology Lab 25 75 -- 4 2
Seminar II Seminar 50 -- -- 4 2
Total Credits 24 8 28
 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year – II Sem M.Pharm (Pharmacology)

ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY – II

Objective: This subject will provide an opportunity for the student to learn about the drug with regard to
classification, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic aspects, adverse effects, uses, dose, route of
administration, precautions, contraindications and interaction with other drugs. In this subject, apart from
general pharmacology, drugs acting on autonomic nervous system, cardiovascular system, central
nervous system, blood and blood forming agents and renal system will be taught. In addition to theoretical
knowledge, the basic practical knowledge relevant to therapeutics will be imparted.

UNIT I
Autacoids : Drugs therapy of Inflammation.
a. Histamine, Bradykinin & their antagonists
b. Eicosanoids & PAF (Platelet Activating Factors)
c. Anti-inflammatory, analgesic & antipyretic agents.
d. Antiasthamatic agents.

UNIT II
Drugs affecting gastro intestinal function.
a. Agents for control of acidity and antiulcer drugs.
b. Emetics & anti emetics.

UNIT III
Antimicrobial agents
1. Sulphonamides, quinolones
2. Cephalosporins and others newer agents.
3. Antifungal & antiviral drugs including anti HIV drugs.
Chemotherapy of
1. Malaria & protozoal infections
2. Leishmaniasis&filariasis

UNIT IV
Insulin, Oral hypoglycemic agents, Thyroid and Anti-Thyroid agents, Estrogens, Progestins and
Androgens

UNIT V
a. Neoplastic diseases
b. Immunomodulators

Outcome: Upon completion of the subject student shall be able to (Know, do, appreciate) –
a. understand the pharmacological aspects of drugs falling under the above mentioned chapters;
b. handle and carry out the animal experiments;
c. appreciate the importance of pharmacology subject as a basis of therapeutics; and
correlate and apply the knowledge therapeutically
References:
1. Tripathi, K. D. Essentials of medical pharmacology. 4th Ed, 1999. Publisher: Jaypee, Delhi.
2. Satoskar, R.S. and Bhadarkar, S.D. Pharmacology and pharmacotherapeutics. 16th edition (single
volume), 1999. Publisher: Popular, Dubai.
3. Rang, H.P. & Dale, M.M. Pharmacology. 4th edition, 1999. Publisher: Churchill Living stone.
4. Goodman Gilman, A., Rall, T.W., Nies, A.I.S. and Taylor, P. Goodman and Gilman’s The
pharmacological Basis of therapeutics. 9th Ed, 1996. Publisher Mc Graw Hill, Pergamon press.
5. Craig, C.R.&Stitzel, R.E. Modern Pharmacology. Latest edition. Publisher: Little Brown.Co
6. Katzung, B.G. Basic and clinical pharmacology. Latest edition. Publisher: Prentice Hall, Int.
 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year – II Sem M.Pharm(Pharmacology)

ADVANCED SCREENING METHODS & TOXICOLOGY

Objective: The students shall know about new drug discovery process, bioassay methods, preclinical
models employed in the screening of new drugs, alternative to animal screening. They also know about
toxicology principles and poisons and their treatments.

UNIT I
Drug discovery process : Principles, techniques and strategies used in new drug discovery. High
throughput screening, human genomies robotics and economics of drug discovery, Regulations, for
laboratory animal care and ethical requirements.
Bioassay methods for autacoids, vasopressin, oxytocin, acetylcholine, adrenaline, insulin, d-
tubocurarine, HCG, hyaluronidase, corticotrophine, pertussis, rabbis and plague.

UNIT II
Preclinical models employed in the screening of new drugs belonging to following categories. Antifertility
agents, sympathomimetic, parasympathomimetics, muscle relaxants (both central and peripheral),
sedatives, hypnotics, antiarrhythmic agents, cardiac stimulants, bronchodilators, antihistaminic,
eicosanoids. Antipsychotic agents, antianxiety agents, nootropic drugs , antidepressant drugs; ant
parkinsonian agents, antiepileptic ; antiulcer agents; infarction; ant atherosclerotic drug; antimalarial;
anthelmintic models for status epilepticus drugs/ cerebroventricular and other newer techniques of drug
administration and development; transgenic animals and other genetically prone animal models.

UNIT III
Alternatives to animal screening procedures, cell-line, patch –clamp technique, In-vitro models, molecular
biology techniques.

UNIT IV
a)Toxicity studies : OECD Guidelines, Determination of LD50 ,acute , sub-acute and chronic toxicity
studies.
b)Principles of Toxicology, Test for mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, special tests. Techniques
for toxicity studies in man, Toxicogenomics

UNIT V
Poison :
a. Classification of Poisoning
b. Diagnosis of poisoning
c. Physical signs of poisoning
d. Principles of management of acute poisoning, treatment of poisoning
e. Common poisoning agents

Outcome: the students will have knowledge about techniques used for the development of new drugs,
regulation for laboratory animal care and ethical requirements, bioassay methods, preclinical methods for
screening of drugs. They also know the toxicology and poison and their control.

Text Books:
1. Screening methods in Pharmacology, Vol.-1&2 by Robert .A. Turner and Peter Hebborn.
2. Drug discovery and evaluation by H.G.Vogel and W.H.Vogel, Springerverlag, BerlinHeideleberg.
3. Handbook of experimental pharmacology by S.K. Kulkarni, VallabhPrakashan, Delhi.
4. Textbook of clinical trials edited by David Machin, Simon Day and Sylvan green.
5. Principles of clinical research edited by Giovanna di ignazio, Di Giovanna and Haynes
6. Hayes' principles and methods of toxicology
7.Pharmacological Screening Methods and Paperback – 2014 by NamburiBhagya Lakshmi
AvanapuSrinivasa Rao

References:
a. Matthew J Ellenhorn. ELLENHORNS MEDICAL TOXICOLOGY – DIAGNOSIS AND
TREATMENT OF POISONING. Second edition. Williams and Willkins publication, London b.
b. V V Pillay. HANDBOOK OF FORENSIC MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY. Thirteenth edition 2003
Paras Publication, Hyderabad
 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year – II Sem M.Pharm (Pharmacology)

ADVANCES IN PHARMACOTHERAPY

Objective: In this subject students would gain sound knowledge in novel approaches in drug therapy like
CADD, HTS, QSAR, prodrug concepts etc.

UNIT I
Pharmacokinetics approach to New Drug Discovery : Basic concepts and Definition, importance of
ADME parameters in disposition, therapeutics and development – their implications on drug discovery,

UNIT II
Overview on computer aided Drug design (CADD) including QSAR, QSPR, Combinational Chemistry,
High Throughput screening (HTS), Molecular Basis of Drugs Action.
Drug Latentiation: Basic concepts, Prodrugs of functional groups, Bio-precurssor prodrugs, chemical
delivery system.

UNIT III
Biotechnology in Drug Discovery: Cloning of DNA, Expression of cloned DNA, Manipulation of DNA
sequence information, New Biological Targets for Drug Development Novel Drug Screening strategies,
Novel Biological Agents, Antibodies, Antisense oligonucleotide therapy, Gene therapy.

UNIT IV
Herbal Neutraceuticals as new source for medicines.

UNIT V
Study of Advanced drugs from natural sources of following groups.
Anticancer, Anti AIDS, Hepatoprotectives, Antidiabetics, Antiarthritic, Adaptogenic, Cardiotonic,
Antipyretic, antimalarials, Diuretics, Hypnotics, Brain Tonic, Urolithiasis, Antifilarial,.
AntihyperlipidemicRecent trends in study of authentic and controversial drugs of above mentioned
groups. Modern Phytochemical screening techniques and evaluation of Herbal. Drugs, their extracts and
formulations-concept of Reverse Pharmacognosy

Outcome: After completing the subject the students would know

1. Implications of pharmacokinetics on drug discovery
2. Computer aided drug design
3. Molecular basis of drug action
4. Role of biotechnology in drug discovery
5. Nutraceuticals

References:
1. Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics - Roger and Walker, Churchill Livingstone publication.
2. Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic approach - Joseph T. Dipiro et al. Appleton & Lange.
3. Pathologic basis of disease - Robins SL, W.B.Saunders publication.
4. Pathology and therapeutics for Pharmacists: A Basis for Clinical Pharmacy Practice - Green and
Harris, Chapman and Hall publication.
5. Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics - Eric T. Herfindal, Williams and Wilkins Publication.
6. Applied Therapeutics: The clinical Use of Drugs. Lloyd Young and Koda-Kimble MA
7. Avery’s Drug Treatment, 4th Edn, 1997, Adis International Limited.
8. Relevant review articles from recent medical and pharmaceutical literature.
9. Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic approach - Joseph T. Dipiro et al. Appleton & Lange
10. Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics - Eric T. Herfindal, Williams and Wilkins Publication
11. Applied Therapeutics: The clinical Use of Drugs. Lloyd Young and Koda-Kimble MA
 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year –II Sem M.Pharm (Pharmacology)

BIOSTATISTICS AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

(Core Elective -II)

Objective: The student shall know the introduction, scope of biostatistics and Research work, calculation
and present of the data. It also informs the students, how the present research work writing and
correlating.

UNIT I
Introduction and scope of biostatistics: Use of statistics in Pharmacy. Population and Sample collection.
Stages of research, types of data and methods of data collections. Data arrangement and presentation,
formation of table and charts.

UNIT II
Measures of central tendency: computation of means, median and mode from grouped and ungrouped
data.
Measure of dispersion: computation of variance, standard deviation, standard error and their
coefficients.

UNIT III
Measures of Correlation and Regression: Experimental designing, planning of an experiment,
replication and randomization. Probit analysis.
Probability rules: Binomial, Poison and Normal distribution.
Hypothesis testing:Student‘t’ test, Chi square test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA): 1-way, 2-way, 3-
ways
.
UNIT IV
Developing a research question, Resources for research question,
Literature Review: Traditional Qualitative Review,
Meta-Analysis—A Quantitative Review
Preparation of Research Proposal
Variables—Definition of Variable, Types of variables (Dependent and Independent variables, Confounded
variables), Measurement of variables, Types of measurement scales and their comparison. Reliability and
Validity of Measurements.

UNIT V
The research report paper writing/ thesis writing
Different parts of the research paper
1. Title-Title of project with authors’ name
2. Abstract – Statement of the problem, Background list in brief and purpose and scope
3. Key words
4. Methodology- subject, apparatus, instrumentation and procedure
5. Results – tables, graphs figure and statistical presentation
6. Discussion support or non-support of hypothesis, practical and theoretical implications
7. Conclusion
8. Acknowledgements
9. References
10. Errata
11. Importance of Spell check for entire projects
12. Uses of footnotes

Outcome: The student will be known the Biostatistics arrangement, presentation and formation of tables
and charts. They also know the correlation and regression & application of different methods, analysis of
data and also learn how to write dissertation, thesis and Research paper.
Text Books
1. Deepak Chawla NeenaSondhi, Research Methodology Concepts and Cases, Vikas books publishers
2. Donald H. McBurney -Theresa L. White “Research Methods” ( Cengage learning India Pvt. Ltd)

Reference Books
1. Remington”s Pharmaceutical Sciences
2. Theory & Practice of Industrial Pharmacy by Lachman
3. Statistics for business and economics 3rd edition by Vikas books publications
4. Biostatistics & Computer applications by GN Rao and NK Tiwari
5. Sokal, R.R. and Rohlf, F.J. 1987. An Introduction to Biostatistics. W.H. Freeman and Company.
6. Bailey, N.T.J. 1981. Statistical Methods in Biology. English University Press.
7. Mitchell, K. and Glov er, T. 2001. Introduction to Biostatistics. McGraw Hill,
Publishing Co.
8. Biostatistics and Computer Applications by G.N. Rao and N.K. Tiwari
9. Fundamentals of Biostatistics by Khan and Khanum
10. Research Methodology by RK Khanna bis and SuvasisSaha
11. Research methods and Quantity methods by G.N.Rao
12. A practical approach to PG dissertation.
 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year –II Sem M.Pharm (Pharmacology)

SCREENING METHODS AND CLINICAL RESEARCH

(Core Elective -II)

Objective: The students is going to study about various techniques for screening of drugs for various
pharmacological activities and guide lines for handling animals and human and animal ethics for
screening of drugs.

UNIT I
Care Handling and breeding techniques of laboratory animals, Regulations for laboratory animals,
CPCSEA guidelines, alternatives to animal studies, Good laboratory Practices.

UNIT II
Bioassays: Basic principles of Biological standardization: Methods used in the bio-assay of Rabbis
Vaccine, Oxytocin, Tetanus Antitoxin and Diphtheria Vaccine. Test for pyrogens.

UNIT III
Toxicity tests: OECD guidelines, determination of LD50, acute, sub-acute and chronic toxicity studies.

UNIT IV
Organization of screening for the Pharmacological activity of new substances with emphasis on the
evaluation cardiac, psychopharmacological, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-diabetic.

UNIT V
Clinical evaluation of new drugs, Phases of clinical trial, protocol design, Ethics in human research.

Outcome: The expected outcomes are student will know how to handle animals and know about various
techniques for screening drugs for different pharmacological activities and guidelines and regulations for
screening new drug molecules on animals and human volunteers.

Text Books:
1. Screening methods in Pharmacology, Vol.-1&2 by Robert .A. Turner and Peter Hebborn.
2. Drug discovery and evaluation by H.G.Vogel and W.H.Vogel, Springerverlag, BerlinHeideleberg.
3. Handbook of experimental pharmacology by S.K. Kulkarni, VallabhPrakashan, Delhi.
4. Textbook of clinical trials edited by David Machin, Simon Day and Sylvan green.
5. Principles of clinical research edited by Giovanna di ignazio, Di Giovanna and Haynes

Reference Books:
1. ICH of technical requirements for registration of pharmaceuticals for human use, ICH harmonized
tripartite guidelines - Guidelines for good clinical practice, E6, May 1996.
2. Good clinical practice - Guidelines for Clinical trials on pharmaceutical products in India, Central drug
standard control organization, New Delhi, Minister of Health- 2001.
 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year –II Sem M.Pharm (Pharmacology)

STABILITY OF DRUGS AND DOSAGE FORMS

(Open Elective -II)

Objective: These topics are designed impart a specialized knowledge to preserve the properties of drugs
and dosage forms during manufacture storage and shelf life. The understanding of properties and
evaluation of stability during storage, by solution and solid state against several factors of degradation

UNIT-I
Drug decomposition mechanisms:
1. Hydrolysis and acyltransfers: Nature of reaction, structure and utility, stabilization of
Pharmaceutical examples.
2. Oxidation: Nature of oxidation, kinetics of oxidation, oxidation pathways of pharmaceutical,
Interest Inhibition of oxidation
3. Photolysis: Energetics of photolysis, kinetics photolysis, photolytic reactions of pharmaceutical
interest, prevention of photolytic reactions.

UNIT-II
Solid state chemical decomposition: Kinetic of solids state decomposition, Pharmaceutical examples of
solid state decomposition, Pure drugs, drug excipient and drug-drug interaction in solid state, methods of
stabilization.
Physical stability testing of dosage forms:
1. Solids – tablets, capsules, powder and granules
2. Disperse systems
3. Microbial decomposition
4. Over-view, physical stability of novel drug carriers, liposomes, niosomes, nano-particles.

UNIT-III
Identification and quantitative determination of preservatives, Antioxidants, colouring materials,
emulsifiers and stabilizers in Pharmaceutical formulation.
Analysis of drugs from biological samples including, selection of biological sample, extraction of drugs by
various methods as LLE, SPE and Membrane filtration.Factors affecting extraction of drugs.

UNIT-IV
General method of analysis to determine the quality of raw materials used in cosmetic industry. .. Indian
Standard Specifications (ISI) laid down for sampling and testing of various cosmetics in finished form by
the Bureau of Indian Standards.

UNIT-V
Methods of analysis to determine the quality of cosmetics in the finished forms such as Hair care
products, Skin care products, Baby care products, Dental products, Personal hygiene products, Colour
cosmetics, Ethnic products, Colour makeup preparation, Lipsticks, Hair setting lotions and Eye shadows.
Toxicity testing in cosmetics and Safety and Legislation of Cosmetic products.
Stability studies: Concept of stability studies.
a) cGMP& ICH guidelines for Accelerated stability Testing.
b) Interaction of containers & closure Compatibility Testing.

Outcome:
The students will learn the evaluation of stability of solutions, solids and formulations against adverse
conditions. The students should be able to suggest the measures to retain stability and storage conditions
for retaining the efficacy of the products.
REFERENCE BOOKS :
1. Comprehensive Pharmacy Review 5th Edition by Leon Shargel, Alan H. Mutnick, Paul F. Souney,
Larry N. Sawnson – 2004.
2. A. H. Beckett and J. B. Stenlake Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Part I and Part II, 4th
Edition. 3. G. H. Jeffery, J. Basset, J. Mendham, R. C. Denny (Rev. by) Vogels Text Book of
Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 5th Edition 1989, ELBS.
3. The Controller of Publications; New Delhi, Govt. of India, Indian Pharmacopoeia, Vol. I and Vol. II
- 2010.
4. J. B. Wilkinson and R. J. Moore :Herry’sCosmeticology; Longman Scientific and Technical
Publishers, Singapore.
5. P.D. Sethi; Quantitative Analysis of Drugs in Pharmaceutical Formulations, 3rd Edition - 1997,
6. Classification of cosmetics raw materials and adjuncts IS 3958 of Indian Standards Institution
(BIS).
7. Cosmetic and toilet goods – methods of sampling IS 3958 of Indian Standards Institution (BIS).
8. Methods of sampling and test for various cosmetics as laid down by Bureau of Indian Standards.
9. Drug stability: Principles and practices by Jens T. Carstensen
10. Stability Testing of Drug Products by W.Grimm. 12. Stability of Drugs and Dosage Forms by
Yoshioka and Stella.
 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year –II Sem M.Pharm (Pharmacology)

NANO BASED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS

(Open Elective -II)

Objective - To develop expertise regarding suitability and evaluation of nanomaterials, able to apply the
properties to the fabrication of nanopharmaceutical, evaluate the intensity of dosage forms and availability
for targeting and controlled delivery.

UNIT I – Introduction to Nanotechnology

a) Definition of nanotechnology
b) History of nanotechnology
c) Unique properties of nanomaterials
d) Role of size and size distribution of nanoparticles properties, classification.

UNIT II – Synthesis of Nanomaterials

a) Physical, chemical and biological Methods
b) Methods for synthesis of
 Gold nanoparticles
 Magnetic nanoparticles
 Polymeric nanoparticles
 Self – assembly structures such as liposomes , micelles, aquasomes and nanoemulsions

UNIT III – Biomedical applications of Nanotechnology

a) Nanotechnology products used for in vitro diagnostics
b) Improvements to medical or molecular imaging using nanotechnology
c) Targeted nanomaterials for diagnostic and therapeutic purpose

Unit IV
Design of nanomaterials for drug delivery, pulmonary and nasal drug delivery, nanomaterials for cancer
therapy and cardiovascular diseases. Localized drug delivery systems.

Unit V
Characterization including the principles, size reduction, analysis of nanoparticles, size, PDI, size
separation, stability, methods of analysis regarding integrity and release of drugs

Outcomes – The students should be able to select the right kind of materials, able to develop nano
formulations with appropriate technologies, evaluate the product related test and for identified diseases
Recommended Books:
1. Nanomedicine and Nanoproducts: Applications, Disposition and Toxicologyin the Human body,
Eiki Igarashi, CRC press. 2015
2. Nanotechnology and Drug Delivery Volume one and two: Nanoplatforms in Drug Delivery, Jose
L.Arias,CRC press
3. Nano: The Essentials: Understanding Nanosicence and Nanotechnology, T.Pradeep, Tata
McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi, 2008.
4. Nanocrystals: Synthesis, Properties and Applications, C.N.R.Rao, P.J.Thomas and G.U.
Kulakarni, Springer(2007)
5. Nanostructures and Nanomaterilas: Synthesis, Properties and Application, GuozhongGao,
Imperial College Press(2004)
6. Nanochemistry:A Classical Approach to Nanomaterials – Royal Society for Chemistry,
Cambridege, UK (2005)
7. Nanocomposite science and technology, pulickelM.Ajayan, Linda S.Schadler, paul V.Braun,
Wiley-VCH Verlag, Weiheim (2003)
8. Nanoscale materials in chemistry, Edited by Kenneth J.Klabunde, John Wiley & Sons,2009
9. Nanoparticles as Drug carriers, Vladimir P Torchiling, Imperial College Press, USA, 2006
 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year –II Sem M.Pharm (Pharmacology)

NUTRACEUTICALS
(Open Elective -II)

Objectives: the students will get exposed to characteristic features of various phytochemicals as
Nutraceuticals in various diseased conditions and also know the role of antioxidants in free radical
induced diseased conditions and will expose to various food laws and regulations.

UNIT I
a. Definitions of Functional foods, Nutraceuticals and Dietary supplements. Classification of
Nutraceuticals, Health problems and diseases that can be prevented or cured by Nutraceuticals
i.e. weight control, diabetes, cancer etc.
b. Source, Name of marker compounds and their chemical nature, Medicinal uses and health
benefits of following used as nutraceuticals/functional foods:
Spirulina, Soyabean, Ginseng, Garlic, Broccoli, Gingko, Flaxseeds

UNIT II
Phytochemicals as neutraceuticals: Occurrence and characteristic features(chemical nature medicinal
benefits) of following
a) Carotenoids- α and β-Carotene, Lycopene, Xanthophylls, lutein
b) Sulfides: Diallylsulfides, Allyl trisulfide.
c) Polyphenolics: Reservetrol
d) Flavonoids- Rutin , Naringin, Quercitin, Anthocyanidins, catechins, Flavones
e) Prebiotates / Probiotics.: Fructo oligosaccharides, Lacto bacillum
f) Phytoestrogens : Isoflavones, daidzein, Geebustin, lignans
g) Tocopherols

UNIT III
a) Introduction to free radicals: Free radicals, reactive oxygen species, production of free radicals in
cells, damaging reactions of free radicals on lipids, proteins, Carbohydrates, nucleic
acids.
b) Measurement of free radicals: Lipid peroxidation products, lipid hydroperoxide,malondialdehyde.

UNIT IV
a. Free radicals in Diabetes mellitus, Inflammation, Ischemic reperfusion injury, Cancer,
Atherosclerosis, Free radicals in brain metabolism and pathology, kidney damage, muscle
damage. Free radicals involvement in other disorders. Free radicals theory of ageing.
b. Antioxidants: Endogenous antioxidants – enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defence,
Superoxide dismutase, catalase, Glutathione peroxidase, Glutathione Vitamin C, Vitamin E,
α- Lipoic acid, melatonin
Synthetic antioxidants : Butylated hydroxy Toluene, Butylated hydroxy Anisole.

UNIT V
Food Laws and Regulations; FDA, FPO, MPO, AGMARK. HACCP and GMPs on Food Safety.
Adultration of foods.
Regulations and Claims – Current Products: Label Claims, Nutrient Content Claims, Health Claims,
Dietary Supplements Claims

Outcome: Helps the students to understand the importance of Nutraceuticals in various common health
problems with the concepts of free radicals.

REFERENCES:
1. Dietetics by Sri Lakshmi
2. Role of dietary fibres and neutraceuticals in preventing diseases by K.T Agusti and P.Faizal:
BSPunblication.
3. Advanced Nutritional Therapies by Cooper. K.A., (1996).
4. The Food Pharmacy by Jean Carper, Simon & Schuster, UK Ltd., (1988).
5. Prescription for Nutritional Healing by James F.Balch and Phyllis A.Balch 2ndEdn., Avery
Publishing Group, NY (1997).
6. G. Gibson and C.williams Editors 2000 Functional foods WoodheadPubl.Co.London.
7. Goldberg, I. Functional Foods. 1994. Chapman and Hall, New York.
8. Labuza, T.P. 2000 Functional Foods and Dietary Supplements: Safety, Good Manufacturing
Practice (GMPs) and Shelf Life Testing in Essentials of Functional Foods M.K. Sachmidl and T.P.
Labuza eds. Aspen Press.
9. Handbook of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Third Edition (Modern Nutrition)
10. Shils, ME, Olson, JA, Shike, M. 1994 Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. Eighth edition. Lea
and Febiger
 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year – IISem M.Pharm (Pharmacology)

CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
(Open Elective -II)

Objective: In the current scenario of accidental, homicidal and suicidal excessive consumption of drugs,
pesticides, heavy metals and other poisonings, this elective helps the students to acquire the required
knowledge and skills in the management of poisoning.

Unit I
General principles involved in the management of poisoning, antidotes and the clinical applications.

Unit II
Supportive care in clinical toxicology.
Gut decontamination, elimination enhancement and toxicokinetics.

UNIT III
Clinical symptoms and management of acute poisoning with the following agents –
a) Pesticide poisoning: organophosphorous compounds, carbamates, organochlorines, pyrethroids.
b) Opiates overdose.
c) Antidepressants
d) Barbiturates and benzodiazepines.
e) Alcohol: ethanol, methanol.
f) Paracetamol and salicylates.
g) Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
h) Hydrocarbons: Petroleum products and PEG.
i) Caustics: inorganic acids and alkalis.
j) Radiation poisoning

UNIT IV
Clinical symptoms and management of chronic poisoning with the following agents –
a) Heavy metals: Arsenic, lead, mercury, iron, copper
b) Venomous snake bites: Families of venomous snakes, clinical effects of venoms, general management
as first aid, early manifestations, complications and snake bite injuries.
c) Plants poisoning. Mushrooms, Mycotoxins.
d) Food poisonings
e) Envenomations – Arthropod bites and stings.

Unit V
Substance abuse: Signs and symptoms of substance abuse and treatment of dependence
a) CNS stimulants :amphetamine
b) Opioids
c) CNS depressants
d) Hallucinogens: LSD
e) Cannabis group
f) Tobacco
Outcome: At the end of the course the student is equipped with handling the first aid, elimination
enhancement and treatment of poisoning and supportive care in poisoning due to
1. Pesticides
2. Drug over usage
3. Heavy metals
4. Radiation
5. Snakes and anthropod bites
6. Food poisoning
The student also gains knowledge in substance abuse and treatment of drug dependence.
References:
1. Matthew j ellenhorn. Ellenhorns medical toxicology – diagnosis and treatment of poisoning.
Second edition. Williams and willkins publication, london b.
2. V v pillay. Handbook of forensic medicine and toxicology. Thirteenth edition 2003 paras
publication, hyderabad
 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year –II Sem M.Pharm (Pharmacology)

ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS

(Open Elective -II)

Objective: The students shall know the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic on the basis of CDDS.
They also know the design evaluation and application related to oral, parenteral, transdermal, implants,
bioadhesives and targeted drug delivery systems.

UNIT I
Fundamentals of controlled drug delivery systems, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic basis of
controlled drug delivery. Design, fabrication, evaluation and applications of the following controlled
releasing systems
a. Controlled release oral drug delivery systems
b. Parenteral controlled release drug delivery systems

UNIT II
Design, fabrication, evaluation and applications of the following
a. Implantable Therapeutic systems
b. Transdermal delivery systems
c. Ocular and Intrauterine delivery systems
d. Vaccine delivery : Delivery systems used to promote uptake, absorption enhancers, oral immunization,
controlled release microparticles form vaccine development

UNIT III
Biochemical and molecular biology approaches to controlled drug delivery of
a. Bioadhesive drug delivery systems
b. Nasal drug delivery systems
c. Drug delivery to Colon

UNIT IV
Biochemical and molecular biology approaches to control drug delivery of
a. Liposomes
b. Niosomes
c. Microspheres
d. Nanoparticles
e. Resealed erythrocytes

UNIT V
Drug targeting to particular organs
a. Delivery to lungs
b. Delivery to the brain and problems involved
c. Drug targeting in neoplasams
Outcomes: Students will know the fabrication, design, evaluation and application of above drug delivery
systems.

Text Books
1. Novel Drug Delivery System by Yie W. Chien.
2. Controlled Drug Delivery by Joseph R. Robinson and Vincent H. L. Lee.
3. Controlled and Novel Drug Delivery Systems by N. K. Jain.
4. Targeted and Controlled Drug Delivery (Novel carrier systems) by S. P. Vyas and Khar.
5. Modern Pharmaceutics by Gilbert S. Banker and Christopher T. Rhodes..
6. Advances in Drug Delivery, Vol 1, 2, 3 by Y.Madhusudan Rao, A.V. Jithan
7. Oral Drug Delivery Technology, 2nded, by AukunuruJithan
 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year –II Sem M.Pharm (Pharmacology)

ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY – II LAB

List of Experiments

1. To record the dose response curve of Histamine using isolated guinea-pig ileum preparation.
2. Study of agonistic and antagonistic effects of drugs using isolated guinea-pig ileum preparation.
3. To carry out bioassay of Histamine using isolated guinea-pig ileum preparation by interpolation
method.
4. To carry out bioassay of Histamine using guinea-pig ileum preparation by three point method.
5. To carry out bioassay of Histamine using guinea-pig ileum preparation by four point method.
6. Effect of drugs on chick/rat mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) by using Condon’s mercury
manometer.
7. Effect of drugs on perfused frog heart
 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year –II Sem M.Pharm (Pharmacology)

ADVANCED SCREENING METHODS & TOXICOLOGY LAB

List of Experiments

Study of theory, principle, procedure involved and interpretation of given results for the following
experiments:
1. Analgesic property of drug using analgesiometer.
2. Antiinflammatory effect of drugs using rat-paw edema method.
3. Anticonvulsant activity of drugs using maximal electroshock and pentylenetetrazole methods.
4. Antidepressant activity of drugs using pole climbing apparatus and pentobarbitone induced sleeping
time methods.
5. Locomotor activity evaluation of drugs using actophotometer and rotorod.
6. Cardiotonic activity of drugs using isolated frog heart and mammalian heart preparations.
7. Antidiabetic activity using rats / mice.n
8. Hepatoprotective activity
9. Anti ulcer activity
10. Antioxidant activity
11. Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines.