o

'"
tl 8 II Liste~
Infinitive / -ing form / Participles
and repeat. Then act out. If you have already bought three, why don't you go
in to see the film? Don't you know where to sit ?

,-
The to infinitive is used: The -ing form is used:
• as a noun Swimming is good for your health.
--I
• to express purpose
She went out to buy some milk. • after certain verbs (admit (to), avoid, consider,
• after certain verbs (advise, agree, continue, delay, deny, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy,
appear, want, decide, expect, hope, finish, forgive, imagine, insist on, involve, keep
promise, refuse, etc.) (= continue), look forward to, mention, mind, miss,
He promised to be back at 10 o'clock. object to, postpone, practise, prevent, report, resist,
• after certain adjectives (angry, happy, risk, save, stand, suggest, understand, etc.)
lucky, glad, etc.) She was glad to see him. He admitted (to) stealing the painting.
• after question words (where, how, what, • after love, like, dislike, hate, enjoy, prefer (to
who, which, but not after why) express general preference)
Has she told you where to meet them? He likes cooking (in general).
BUT I don't know why he left so early. Note: like + to infinitive = find enjoyable
I like to eat a healthy breakfast.
• after would like / would love / would
prefer (to express specific preference) • after I'm busy, it's no use, it's (no) good, it's (not)
I'd love to go for a walk. (specific preference) worth, what's the use of, can't help, there's no
point (in), can't stand, be/get used to, be/get
• after nouns It's a pleasure to work with you.
accustomed to, have difficulty (in), etc.
• after too / enough constructions It's no use complaining.
He's too short to reach the top shelf. I---
He isn 't tall enough to reach the top shelf. • after 'go' for physical activities
They go skiing every winter.
• with it + be + adjective (+ of + object)
It was nice of him to remember my birthday. • after spend / waste time
1---- He wasted his time playing video games.
• with 'only' to express unsatisfactory results
He called me only to say that he'd be late.
,• after prepositions
He entered the room without knocking.
The infinitive without to is used: -
• after see, hear, listen, watch to express an
• after modal verbs (must, can, will, etc.)
incomplete action, an action in progress or a
You must be back at 12 o'clock.
-• -- -- ----
after had better / would rather
long action I saw Kate painting the kitchen. (I saw
Kate in the middle of painting. I saw part of the action
I'd rather have stayed in last night. in progress. I didn't wait until she had finished .)
~-- ~---
• after make / let / see / hear / feel + object BUT see, hear,• listen, watch + infinitive without to
Mum let me watch TV. I made him apologise. to express a complete action, something that one
BUT in the passive form: be made / be saw or heard from beginning to end
heard / be seen + to infinitive I watched Kate paint the kitchen. It took her two hours. (I
He was made to apologise.
1 saw the whole action from beginning to end.)
Note: help is followed by a to infinitive Note: If two infinitives are joined by 'and', the
or an infinitive without to. 'to' of the second infinitive can be omitted.
She helped me (to) wash the dishes. I want to eat something and have a rest.

40
 Infinitive / -ing form / Participles 0
1 Write what each word is followed by: F.I. (full infinitive), B.I. (bare infinitive) or
-ing (form).
I
mind + .in&, ... 5 decide + ....... 9 be seen + ....... : 13 can + .......
I
2 make + ....... 6 suggest + ....... I
I
10 it's no use + ....... :I 14 be used to + .......
3 what + ....... 7 refuse + ....... I
I
I
11 would + ....... :I 15 object to + .......
4 used to + ....... 8 would love + ....... I
I 12 risk + ....... : 16 it's worth + .......

2 Complete the conversation between a travel agent and a customer

using the infinitive or -ing form.
A: Good morning , sir. Can I 1) ...... .. hdp ........ (help) you?
M: Yes. I'm interested in 2) .................... (go) on holiday
somewhere in the Caribbean .
A: OK. And when would you like 3) .......•.•........•. (travel)?
M: I fancy 4) ..................• (take) a trip sometime in the spring .
A: Great! And how long are you hoping to stay?
M: About two weeks. That'll be long enough 5) ...•.............. (relax)
and enjoy the sun .
A: Very good , sir. I can see that there are two package deals available for the
first two weeks of May, one for the Dominican Republic and the other for Turks
and Caicos.
Turks and Caicos sounds interesting. But willi have to 6) ...............•.••. (get) there by boat?
A: Not necessarily. There's an airport there. However, you may want 7) .........•.......... (take) a
boat if you'd like want to go 8) .............•...... (tour) around the islands.
Sounds good. Can I 9) .................... (book) and pay by credit card now?

3 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct infinitive or -ing form.

A: How about ....... .gQU1@ .••••••• (go) to the shops this afternoon?
B: Great! I need ....... tC7. P.L{)( •. •.... (buy) a new dress for the party.

2 A: Costas has promised ...•................... (help) me with my homework.

B: That was nice of him ....................... (offer)!

3 A: I'm hungry. Is there anything ....................... (eat)?

B: There are some sandwiches in the fridge. Help yourself. I

4 A: Dan can 't stand ....................... (drive) to work every morning .

B: Then he should consider ....................... (take) the train .

5 A: How do you know that Paola took the letter?

B: I saw her ....................... (put) it in her bag.

6 A: Why do you keep ....................... (look) at your watch?

B: Because I have an appointment and I don't want ............•......•... (be) late.

7 A: Is Ben in his room?

B: Yes, I've just heard him ....................... (talk) on his mobile.

8 A: It was really nice of Jeff and Sally .........•............. (help) us move house.
B: Yes, we are lucky ....................... (have) such good friends.

41
o Infinitive / -ing form / Participles

4 Look at the pictures and, in pairs, make up dialogues as in the example:

A: Do you fancy / stop / ice cream / way home?

B: Yes /. I would love / have / one
A: Do you fancy stopping for an ice cream on the
way home?
B: Yes, I would love to have one.

A: I / can 't / stop / think / about / my trip /

Italy
B: Lucky you / I would / love / go / again

A: Sylvia / suggest / go / to cinema / tonight. What /

you / think?
B: Sorry / I can 't / I must / study for / Chemistry exam

5 Complete the questions, then answer them.

Where do you look forward to ..... .tr.CJve:lIirJ@ . ...•• (travel) to?

... .I. l.o.Q~ . tQr.v;wd .t.Q .t.r.qv~UirJ@ . t:Q. It.CJ!y, f:l.rJrJ. 8./<ti1it;1 ........................................... .
2 What kind of sports do you enjoy ..................... (play)?

3 How often do you go ..................... (shop)?

4 What are you tired of ..................... (do)?

5 What kinds of food do you avoid ..................... (eat)?

6 What kind of music do you prefer ..................... (listen to)?

10 Verbs taking to infinitive or -;ng form without a change in meaning

10 • begin, start, continue However, we never have two -ing form~-together.
She began dancing / to dance. BUT It's beginning to get cold. (NOT: it'sgegiRRiRg ge#iRg eeld.)
~ --
• advise, allow, permit, recommend, encourage when followed by an object or in the passive
form take a to infinitive. They take the -ing form when not followed by an object.
She doesn 't allow us to eat here. They aren't allowed to eat here. They don 't allow eating here.
-
• it needs / it requires / it wants take the -ing form. It needs can also be followed by a passive
infinitive.
The house needs / requires / wants painting. The car needs repairing / to be repaired.
-
42
 Infinitive / .ing form / Participles
o
Verbs taking to infinitive or -ing form with a change in meaning
• forget + to infinitive = not remember to do • try + to infinitive = to make an effort or
sth I'm sorry, I forgot to buy milk. attempt The firemen are trying to put out the fire.
forget + -ing form = not remember a past try + -ing form = do sth as an experiment
event Why don 't you try adding some pepper to the
He'll never forget flying over the Alps. sauce? It might taste better.
• remember + to infinitive = not forget to do sth • want + to infinitive = wish
Remember to turn off the cooker before leaving. I want to spend my holidays in Spain.
remember + -ing form = recall a past event want + -ing form = to require
I don 't remember staying in this hotel before. This room wants painting again.
---
• go on + to infinitive = finish doing sth and • stop + to infinitive = pause temporarily
----
start doing sth else She stopped to get some petrol before
After finishing the report, she went on to type continuing on her journey to Leeds.
some letters. stop + -ing form = finish; end
go on + -ing form = keep on doing (sth) Stop talking, please!
She went on talking for hours.
• mean + to infinitive = intend to • be sorry + to infinitive = apologise for a
He means to find a job abroad. present action I'm sorry to hear they fired him.
mean + -ing form = involve be sorry for + -ing form = apologise for an
Finding a job means attending many interviews. earlier action
I'm sorry for being / having been unfair to you.
• regret + to infinitive = feel sorry to do sth • be afraid + to infinitive = unwilling to dOl
I regret to tell you that there is no money left in sth because of fear I'm afraid to climb up the
your account. ladder. (I don't want to do it.)
regret + -ing form = have second thoughts be afraid of + -ing form = frightened;
about sth one has already done feeling fear that sth might happen
I regret buying / having bought this dress; it She won 't climb up the ladder; she is afraid of
doesn 't look nice on me. falling. (She is afraid because she might faiL)

6 Read the text below and choose the correct word for each space.

~.. --------,. - ""-~- ------- -

-
--- - - ~- --- - ~

Dear Daniela,
How are you? I'm sorry I haven't emailed you since I left Brighton but I've had so much
work to do. I really miss you and myoid friends.
Things at my new school are a little bit different. There are many rules 1) .. ~ .. . The teachers
don't allow 2) ...... in class. We are only permitted 3) ...... when we raise our hand 0 if the
teacher asks us a question. On the first day, the headmaster advised us all 4) ...•.. hard. In
fact, he recommended 5) ...... for at least three hours every evening! We are not allowed
6) ...... the school at lunchtime. We are, however, encouraged 7) ...... late after school in order
8) ...... one of the school's clubs. Next week I'm
starting chess.
A follow ® to follow C following
2 A to talk 8
Who's your teacher this year? I hope she's nice. talk C talking
3 A speaking 8
Send me an email when you get to speak C speak
A to work 8 work .
the chance. C working
A studying 8 study
Love,
C to study
A leave 8 to leave C leaving
Jessica A staying 8 stay C to stay
A attend 8 to attend C attend in

43
o Infinitive / .ing form / Participles

7 Fill in the gaps with the verbs in brackets in the infi,?itive or -ing form.

Remember .... .tQ.@O..... (go) to the bank. 11 I'm afraid of ................. (go) out alone at
You 've got to pay the bills. night.
2 I don't remember ...................... (see) 12 He's afraid ....................... (walk)
this film before. home alone at night.
3 After he had written his first book, he went on 13 She forgot ....................... (invite) one
. . .. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . .. (write) four more. of her best friends to the party .
4 She went on ....................... (talk) 14 I'll never forget ....................... (travel)
even after her friend had fallen asleep. by plane for the first time.
5 I' regret .................. (argue) with my 15 On the way home he stopped ............... .
sister. I should apologise. (buy) some chocolate.
6 I regret .................... ...... (tell) you 16 He stopped ..................... (study) and
that you have failed your exam . turned on the TV.
7 He hopes ....................... (build) a 17 These windows are dirty. They need ......... .

8
boat and travel round the world.
Doing well on this course means ............. . 18
. ........ (wash). .
I want ............... (speak) to Sally, please.
(study) very hard. 19 She's really sorry for ..................... ..
9 I've been trying ....................... (start) (shout) at you yesterday.
this car for hours. 20 I'm sorry ....................... (hear) you 've
10 Why don't you try ...................... (put) been ill again.
some petrol in the.tank?

~ Tenses of the Infinitive Tenses of the -ing form -,

Active voice Passive voice Active voice Passive voice
Present (to) offer (to) be offered offering being offered
Present Continuous (to) be offering
Perfect (to) have offered (to) have been having offered having been
Ioffered offered
Perfect Continuous (to) have been
offering

The present infinitive refers to the present or future. I'd like to go for a walk.
The present continuous infinitive is used with appear, claim, seem, pretend, must, can't,
happen , should, would, etc. to describe an action happening now.
He must be working in the garden now.
The perfect infinitive is used with appear, happen, pretend, seem, believe, claim and the modal
verbs to show that the action of the infinitive happened before the action of the verb.
He claims to have met the Queen. (First he met the Queen, then he claimed he had met her.)
The perfect continuous infinitive is used with appear, seem, pretend, etc. and the modal verbs
to put emphasis on the duration of the action of the infinitive, which happened before the
action of the verb. She looks tired. She seems to have been working all morning.
The simple -ing form refers to the present or future. She enjoys dancing.
The perfect -ing form shows that the action of the -ing form has happened before the action of
the verb. We can use the simple -ing form instead of the perfect -ing form without a difference
in meaning.
He denied having stolen the money. or He denied stealing the money.

44
 Infinitive / -ing form / Participles 0
8 Look at the pictures and answer the questions as in the example:

1 A: Are the children playing video

games?
• B: !:~~" rryy. p.p.p.~p.( .t,o..~~ ... .
pjf}Yil)g. Y10Y9. gP.rne:~·. ..... .

2 A: Has Mrs Ericsson been

working on the computer?
B: ..••.••..•.•••..............

~~V-~-
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::: )
3 A: Have the Hendersons gone to
the zoo?
B: •...........................

A: Is Alice returning home from

work?
B: ................•...••..••..

5 A: Has Rita hurt her ankle?

B: ..................••.••.....

9 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense of the infinitive form.

A: I'm not going to Elizabeth 's party! 5 A: The boys' clothes are all dirty. I
B: She'll be very disappointed. You know she I B: They must ........................ (play)
expects ..... .t.Q .~~C;• ••••• (see) you there. in the garden.

2 A: Frank appears .......................... . 6 A: I like the OJ . This music is so good!

(study) hard all day. B: Yes , everybody seems .................. .
B: Yes , he hasn't even stopped for lunch. . ......... (have) a good time.
3 A: When do you want the report? 7 A: When was the car stolen?
B: It needs ......................... (finish) B: It appears ............ : ........... (take)
by tonight. during the night.

4 A: Why is Gregory's face so red? 8 A: Did you read the front page of today's paper?
B: He seems .......................... (be) B: Yes , isn't it amazing! Scientists claim ..... .
upset with John and Anthony. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. (find) a cure for cancer!

45
o Infinitive / .ing form / Participles

10 Look at Appendix 1 on page 206 and underline the correct preposition. Then fill
in the gaps with the correct tense of the -ing form of the verb in brackets.
The teacher didn't believe Jarrod's excuse in / for . . bc;jr,l0. 1 ."~vir,J0. bc;tm .. (be) so late.
2 Her parents congratulated her on / at ......................... (win) first prize at the Science Fair.
3 She accused me on / of ......................... (lie).
4 Don't blame him for / about . ........................ (leave) without you . You weren 't on time.
5 Henry apologised for / with . ........................ (interrupt) their conversation.

11 , Read the dialogue. Choose the correct grammar form of the words in capitals
and fill in the gaps.

A: I'm really looking forward to 1) ..... . ~f'lf{C(bil1~ . •.... the Tour de France.
B: So am I. Last year I was lucky enough 2) ..................... there.
A: How did you manage that?
B: Well, I was visiting my cousin in Paris and he surprised me with tickets.
A: Lucky you! How was it seeing the race up close?
B: The thrill of 3) •...•..••.....•..... the cyclists speed by was incredible. SEE
Thousands of fans had lined the roads to cheer on their heroes.
A: Who was yours?
B: Lance Armstrong. What an athlete! He was trying 4) ......•..•........... the WIN
competition after 5) ..................... away from the sport for four years! BE
A: That's amazing! I can't wait to watch this year's race.

12 Kerry, your pen friend, is about to go to Cape Town in Africa. You went there last

-.. spring. Use the prompts to write an email to her, giving her advice.

Dear Kerry,
_ _ __ _ _
~~
_____ :::.. .= 2:.··_

I'm so excited for you that you're going to Cape Town! I had a fantastic time there last
spring and I'd be happy to give you some suggestions about what to do on your holiday.
1 firstly / it / worth / climb / Table Mountain / for / fantastic view / of / city
. fir.E?1(/y, jt'P. wQrrfJ .c;Urnb.fng .T/ilb./~. MQtJnt(<?i.n fQr. ~. fcwM.E?1(fc. vi~w. Qf .thfi .c.ft~1 ...
2 you / may / want / try / extreme sports / like / mountain bike

3 you / should / go / on / safari. You / have / fun time / watch / wildlife

4 not forget / take / train / Boulder's Beach. There / be / penguins / you / can / swim / with
................................................................................................
5 not / miss / go / to / Two Oceans Aquarium. Sure / you / enjoy / look / sea life

6 finally / while / you / be / there, try / eat / one / many seafood restaurants

I hope you like my ideas. Have a lovely trip and don't forget to send me a postcard .
Yours,
Samantha

46
 Infinitive / .ing form / Participles 0
Subject of the infinitive / -ing form
The subject of the infinitive or of the -ing form is omitted when it is the same as the subject of
the verb. They want to buy a new house. She left without saying goodbye.
When the subject of the infinitive or of the -ing form is different from the subject of the verb,
then an object pronoun (me, you, him, her, us, you , them), a name or a noun is placed before
the infinitive or the -ing form. The subject of the gerund can also be a possessive adjective
(my, your, etc.), an object pronoun, a possessive case or a name.
I want him to leave now. (= He should leave.) BUT I want to leave now. (= I should leave.)
I remember his / him / Tom 's / Tom complaining about the poor service in this hotel.

13 Rephrase the following sentences as in the example:

Mum doesn't think Jessica should stay out late with her friends .
Mum doesn 't want ...... . J~£lfli.c."1 . tO . t;;tt{)t .al.)t. lat~ . witb . b~r. fr.i~nd~.. ......................... .
2 It's Gary's turn to take out the rubbish . Dad insists on it.
Dad insists on .............................•................................................... .
3 Why don't you come to the cinema with us?
I would like .•..•••....•..••...........•...••.••..............................••................ .
4 They must leave now.
I want .....•.................................................•.....................•........... .
5 She fell into the swimming pool on her graduation day. I'll never forget that.
I'll never forget ..•............................................................................. .
6 I have to finish the project today.
I need .......•...................•............................••............................... .

Participles
Present and past participles can be used as adjectives.
Present Participles (verb + -ing) describe what something or somebody is.
Ted is an interesting person. (What kind of person? Interesting.)
Past Participles (verb + -ed) describe how someone feels.
Mary is interested in English literature. (How does she feel about English literature? Interested.)

14 Fill in the correct participle.

Paul: You must be 1) ........ tlvjU~d. ........ (thrill) . Paris is a

2) ........................ (fascinate) city. There are so
many 3) ........................ (interest) things to do. You
won 't be 4) ........................ (bore).
Jane: Well, I'm a bit 5) .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .... (worry) because I
can't speak French very well. People will find my accent very
6) ........................ (amuse).
Paul: Don't be silly! I'm sure you 'll have an 7) ...................... .
(excite) time.

47
o Infinitive / -ing form / Participles

15 Underline the correct item.

The children were thrilled / thrilling by the 4 What an amazing / amazed person Gregory is!
clown's tricks. 5 He was very surprised / surprising by her
2 The adventure book was very excited / exciting . sudden change of mood.
3 Alexander is interested / interesting in anything 6 Rachel felt relaxed / relaxing lying in the hot
to do with football. sun.

Speaking Activity
(recommending a place)
Your friend Gwen has asked you about your trip to Egypt last summer. She
wants to know what places she should visit and what she should do when
she goes there. In pairs, use the phrases in the list to make sentences.

• it's worth / visit Egyptian Museum • not miss / see Sphinx - Pyramids
• try eat / falafel • go on / camel ride • not forget / visit Khan-al-Khalili bazaar / shop

A: It's worth visiting the Egyptian Museum to see all the exhibits, etc.

Use your answers from the Speaking Activity to write a short email
to Gwen. Use Ex. 12 as a model.

Dear Gwen ,
I'm happy to hear that you 're planning to visit
.
..... ............. ...... .............................................. ....... ............. .

........... ............................. . ,. ................................................ .

48
 Phrasal Verbs 1 Fill in the correct particle.
get away: escape My sister is getting ....... p.n . . . . . .. well at college.
get on: • make progress 2 If I can get ................. all my homework, I'll go to
• enter a bus, train, the cinema later.
etc. (opp. get off) 3 The thief got .................. by cl imbing over the
• have a friendly
garden wall.
relationship with sb ;
get along with sb 4 I really get ............. with my brother. We never argue.
5 I can 't get ................ to Joe. I'll phone again later.
get through: • reach sb by telephone
6 Ann got ....•........•... the train just as it was about to
• finish or complete
leave and got ................. at Portland.

2 Look at Appendix 1 on page 206 and fill in the correct preposition(s).

London is famous ..... fur. ..... its museums. I 7 The boss was generous .................... .
2 I am fed .................. this cold weather. everyone at Christmas.
3 My grandmother is very fond ..••..•......... 8 It was very generous ............••..• you to
her grandchildren . lend me the money.
4 Don't be frightened ........... the big spider. 9 He's good ........................ speaking
5 The teacher was furious .....••••••.•.... the English .
class because they were talking . 10 Grandfather is always good ..•..•..••... me.
6 She will never forgive me .................. .. 11 Sarah was grateful ................ her friend
lying to her. . . . . . . . . . . . .. helping her with her homework.

3 Complete each of the sentences with a word

Word Formation formed from the word in bold.
Nouns formed from adjectives The teacher showed no ... tpkr~J1C;t; . ... (tolerant) for
-ance important - importance the student's rude behaviour.
2 We should always take other people's feelings into
-cy secret - secrecy
................. (conSiderate).
-ence innocent-innocence 3 Mary and Henry will never forget the hospitality and
-ion desperate - desperation ......•.....•....... (kind) of the villagers.
4 I don't like sharing my bedroom. I never get any .1 ....... .
-iness lonely - loneliness
(private).

-
-ness dark - darkness 5 Parents should allow their children some .....••.........
(independent) .
6 .... . ............. (happy) is more important than money.

In Other Words ...

• Walking alone at night is dangerous. • It took her an hour to do the crossword.
It is dangerous to walk alone at night. She took an hour to do the crossword.
• Do / Would you mind answering the phone? DOing the crossword took her an hour.
Could you answer the phone? She spent an hour doing the crossword.
• The policeman made him confess. • The film was faSCinating.
He was made to confess. We were fasc inated by the film.

49
4 Rephr~se the following sentences using the words in bold type.

Could you pass me the salt?

mind . iJ.Q .1. Wogld.YP.LI rriod. pJl;;fJiWJ. trJ~. trt;. fJJl lt .? ........... : ....................... .
2 It is dangerous to drive at high speeds.
driving ................................................................................. .
3 He took only an hour to learn to play chess.
it
4 Writing the composition took her all night.
<spent ................................................................................ .
5 My mother made me apologise for my behaviour.
was ..................................................•.•................•........•••.
6 I found the book boring .
bored ................................................................................. .
7 Would you mind moving the table a little, please?
could ................................................................................. .
8 We were interested in the information .
found ................................................................................. .

5 Here are some sentences about Betsy, an interior decorator. For each question,
complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use no
more than three words.
Betsy has been working as an interior decorator 4 Betsy thinks the job will take her one month to '
for the last nine years. finish.
It's been nine years since Betsy .. P.~qrt~0. .. Betsy expects ............................. .
. . . Y'IOr/(jt;10. .....•... as an interior decorator. the job in one month.
2 Betsy likes to decorate homes. 5 Despite all the work, Betsy is having a good
Betsy enjoys .............................. . time.
homes. Despite all the work, Betsy seems .......... .
3 Right now Betsy is in Los Angeles working for a ............•......• a good time.
famous star. 6 Betsy plans on decorating her own house.
Betsy ..................................... . Betsy ........................... to decorate
to Los Angeles to work for a famous star. her own house.

Idioms
6 Fill in the correct idiom.

Please ....... 0.r.ap.rne; Jl.litW ....... while you're in

make a fortune: make a lot of money
Germany, so I know that you 're OK.
make up one's mind: decide
2 I can 't ....... : ..................... whether to buy
make a living: earn money a Porsche or a BMW.
drop sb a line: write sb a letter, 3 Her fiance ........................ when he left her.
especially a short informal one 4 The inventors of YouTube ............••...........
break a record: surpass a previous when they sold it to Google for 1.65 billion USD .
achievement (Olympic, World record , etc.) 5 The old lady manages to ." .................... ..
break sb's heart: make sb very sad by selling flowers.
6 The athlete .............•....• at the last Olympics.

50
l Causative
__________
~ ___Form~ (Have
________ ____ ____ ___something
~_ ___ _ __ __done)
__J
' ~_~ !

'"
112611 Listen and repeat. Then act out.

I hardly recognised you/ You have

had your hair dyed blonde, Sue.

We use have + object + past participle to say that we arrange for someone else to do
something for us. Jim had the tap fixed. Jim arranged for the plumber to fix the tap. (He didn 't do it
himself - the plumber did it.)

Present Simple She cleans her house. She has her house cleaned . ~
Present Continuous She is cleaning her house. She is having her house cleaned .
Past Simple She cleaned her house. She had her house cleaned .
Past Continuous She was cleaning her house. She was having her house cleaned.
Future Simple I She will clean her house. She will have her house cleaned.

Future Continuous I
She will be cleaning her house. Sihe Wid
ll be having her house
c eane .
Present Perfect She had cleaned her house. She has had her house cleaned.
Present Perfect She has been cleaning her She has been having her house
Continuous house. cleaned .
----
Past Perfect She had cleaned her house. IShe had had her house cleaned~
Past Perfect Continuous Shhe had been cleaning her She had been having her house
ouse. cleaned .
Infinitive She must clean her house. She must have her house cleaned.
-;ng form IShe likes cleaning her house. She likes having her house cleaned.

The verb have used in the causative forms its negations and questions with do/does (present
simple) and did (past simple). Don't have this letter posted yet! Did you have your hair cut?

Get can be used instead of have in spoken English.

You should get your jacket washed. (= You should have your jacket washed.)
Have + object + past participle can be used instead to indicate that somebody experienced
usually an accident or misfortune.
She had her bag stolen. (Her bag was stolen.)

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CD Causative Form (Have something done)

1 Bill Smith does everything himself. Lord Hornby pays other people to do it. Write
what Lord Hornby says.

1 I painted my house last week. 1 J . b~d roil- hnLJ~(;. paintc~d. la~t. we~k..... .
2 I'm mending my car. 2 ........................................ .
3 I've put in new windows. 3
4 I'll build a swimming pool next year. 4 ........................................ .
5 I clean my shoes every day. 5
6 I wash my car once a week. 6 ••.••••.....••...•.......•...............
7 I'm installing a new shower next month . 7 ........................................ .
8 I check my son's homework every night. 8

2 Look at the shops. Use the ideas to make sentences as in the example:

• car / fix • shoes I repair • hair / cut • flat / decorate • suits / clean • front door camera / install

e The Shoe Experts e

We can fix any pairl
ADLER AND SONS
Painters & decorators
e BTA Home Security
Cameras, alarms and
Always at your service outdoor lighting

o Todd's Barber Shop

Men's hair styling at e Erwin's 24 hr Dry-Cleaning G TRUE MECHANIC
For all your cleaning needs Leave your car to
low cost the professionals!
I will have my shoes repaired by them / there.

3 Something bad happened to each of these people yesterday. Write sentences

about what happened to them. Use the causative form.

Ted (his car/damage) by a falling tree. 3 Rick (his house/break into) by a burglar.
... r~d. bt3i.d .hi:? J;.m: .d~mftgr;d. by. ~. f~J/jt;10• •••
. . .tr.r;e:, .................................... . 4 Gary (his window/smash) by a ball.
2 Martha (her bicycle/steal) from outside her
school . 5 Todd (his CD player/break) by his little brother.

136
 Causative Form (Have something done)

4 Match the columns and put the verbs into the causative form.
-----------------------------
a I'm afraid I .............•....•......
. . . . •. . . .. (the film/not develop) yet.

b At the hairdresser's. She ......... .

.. ... . ... ... .. . . . . .. (her hair/do).
-----,.
1'--'-----'
Have you called the c Definitely. I 'm.havi.n@ .tbe.f.QQd. prep.ar.~d .
plumber yet? (food/prepare) by Jack's Bistro.

d I ....•..........•.........••..•.... (the
satellite dish/put up) when it started raining.

e Of course. We .......................... .
••.. .. . .. . .. . . .. (taps/fix) this afternoon.

I think you should •......•.........

. .. .. ... . . . . . . . ... . . .. (it/clean).

He's at Sam's garage. He .............. ..

. . .. . . . . ... ...•.. (his motorbike/repair).

Why are you so

h Yes. She ............•..................
.... . . . ... . .. , (her bag/steal) yesterday.

5 Complete the following conversation using the causative form.

Tonia: So Rodney, is your new house ready yet?

Rodney: Not yet, Tonia. There are still a few things left.
Tonia: What have you done so far?
Rodney: On Monday I 1) h41d. tht; wind9Wf7.{lVt. ilJ ... (windows/put in) and yesterday I
2) ........ . ............................. (my new appliances/install) . 01
Tonia: Sounds like you 've been really busy.
Rodney: Yes. And today, the painters are coming. I 3) .....................•.....• (walls/paint).
Tonia: I'm sure it's going to look really nice. 4) ............................ (the plumbing/fix) yet?
Rodney: Yes, that's done.
Tonia: What about the garden?
Rodney: Right now, I 5) ............................ (several trees/plant) . As soon as that's done, I
6) ............................ (fence/build) .
Tonia: I bet you can 't wait to move in.
Rodney: Oh yes! Once the builders have finished , 17) ......•...........••......•. (the house/clean) .
Then I'll be able to move in .
Tonia: Great! If you need any help unpacking , let me know.
Rodney: Thanks,Tonia.

137
G Causative Form (Have something done)

6 Read the situations, then write sentences using the causative form.
Mary took tier blouse to the cleaner's. What did 4 A dressmaker has made a dress for Sue. What
she do? has Sue done?
..... .~he. hq~. b~r. t?jQ(Jp.C{ .q/~~IJ~~.. ........ .
2 My watch is broken. What should I do? 5 His milk is delivered every morning. What does he
do? ....................................... .
3 Michael is at the hairdresser's because he 6 Sarah's has written a new book. She wants to
needs a haircut. What is he doing? publish it. What will she do?

"
Speaking Activity
(talking about arranging for things to be done by others)
Julie has just had her house renovated. Look at the pictures and use the
phrases to make sentences. Tell your partner .
• rosos / plant • front gate / repair • fountain / put in • roof / fix • house / repaint • grass / cut

A: In picture A Julie is having roses planted.

In picture B Julie has had roses planted, etc.

Complete the email that Julie has started writing to her friend about
her house. Use your answers from the Speaking Activity.

How are you? I'm writing to tell you about the house. It looks amazing now! Well, most of the
work has already been done. I have ........................................................ .

138
 Engll h In Use
1 Fill in the correct particle(s).
Phrasal Verbs
run across: find by chance I ran .. .acro~~ . .. an interesting article about
fashion while I was reading the newspaper.
run after: chase
2 We've run ............. flour and sugar - can you
run away: escape; get away by runn ing buy some?
run down: • knock down 3 The security guard ran ............. the thief.
• say bad things about sb 4 I ran •...........• my Maths teacher at the cinema
run into sb / sth: • meet unexpectedly last night.
• coll ide with 5 When the dog barked , the children ran ......... .
6 David lost control of the car and ran ..•...••.....
run out of: reach the end (of a supply)
a tree.
7 Jessica never has anything nice to say, she runs
everyone ............. .
8 Our neighbour was run ............. by a taxi
and was taken to hospital.

2 Look at Appendix 1 on page 207 and fill in the correct preposition.

This offer is only valid ... far. .... children under 5 I don't know what Laura is so upset ...•.•.... .
twelve. 6 His parents warned him ........... misbehaving
2 She's good at Maths but she's a bit weak in school.
........... Physics. 7 Dorothy is worried ........... her friend , Ann,
3 We've been waiting ........... you for over an as she hasn't heard from her for weeks.
hour! 8 What's the use ........... complaining when
4 We should never have gone there. It was a nobody listens?
waste ........... time.

....- 3 Complete each of the sentences with

Word Formation a word formed from the word in bold.
Prefixes
The acrobat was able to ride a ... un.ic~c.le. ...
sub- = under, less (submarine) (cycle) while juggling balls in the air.
super- = big, more (superstar) 2 The first heart •...•..........•........~ ...... .
trans- = across (transatlantic) (plant) was performed in 1967.
3 What shape did Lizzie draw - a circle or a
tri- = three (tricolour)
...................... (angle)?
under- = not enough (undercooked) 4 I had a lot of shopping to do, so I went to the
uni- = one (unisex) ...................... (market) .
5 Matt and Joe took the . .. . .. .. . .. . ... (way) from
'~"C" ","," r New York City's Penn station to Union Square.
"'''''
6 Teachers complain of being · overworked and
...................... (paid) .

139
 I
4 Rephrase the following using the words in brackets.

A tailor made his new suit.

(had) . Hr; . b~d hip. (1.e.vy. ~~j"C; . mCjd{3. by. (.l. tiiilor........................................... .
2 They will ask a professional chef to do the cooking.
(done) .................................................................................. .
3 Is someone looking after the cat while you 're away?
(looked after) .................................................................................. .
4 His car is at the garage where they are changing its wheels.
(h,,"ving) .................................................................................. .
5 Tommy's bicycle was stolen.
(had) .................................................................................. .
6 Did your father fix your motorbike?
(get) .................................................................................. .

5 Here are some sentences about Johnny, who has got a pet dog. For each
question, complete the second sentences so that it means the same as the first.
Use no more than three words.

Johnny saw Max at an animal shelter and brought him home.

Max had been at an animal shelter ........... )?~.f.p.r~............ Johnny saw him and brought him home.
2 Johnny can 't lift Max up anymore because he's too heavy.
Max is ..................................................................... Johnny can 't lift him up anymore.
3 Johnny thinks it's a pity that Max isn't a young puppy anymore.
If only Max ..............................•...•..•.......••.............. still a young puppy, Johnny thought.
4 Johnny plays frisbee with Max in the park after school.
Johnny goes to the park every day .......................................................•. frisbee with Max.
5 Last week Johnny took Max to the vet to exam ine him.
Last week Johnny had Max •••.•........••.•..•...........•............•..............•........... by the vet.
6 "You should brush his teeth more often," the vet said .
The vet ........... . ...........•.................•............... Johnny to brush the dog's teeth more often .

6 Fill in the correct idiom.

Idioms
I'm •.•. flat .out..... - I th ink I'd better go to bed .
be hard on sb: treat sb in a strict or unfair way 2 You mustn't ......•..•..••....•.......... her -
be short of sth: not have enough she's doing the best she can.
3 George ........................... for nearly a
be sound asleep: be sleeping deeply
year before he found a job.
be flat out: be exhausted 4 If I .......... "...................... I'd try to do
better at school .
be out of work: be unemployed
5 I .............•..............•..•• money this
be out of practice: lack practice week - can I pay you next week?
6 By the end of the film my friend ..........•.•....
be in sb's shoes: be in sb's position
. . . • • . . • . . . . . . . . . . . .• on the sofa.
7 I'd like to play tennis but I am completely ...... .
. . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " so I'm sure I'll lose.

140