World Studies for the Georgia Student - Grade 7

Index
The purpose of an index is to help you locate information quickly. In addition to display-
ing page numbers of text, this index identifies definitions (d); figures or charts (f); maps
(m); photographs, paintings, or other illustrations (p); and quotations (q).
A sub-Saharan, 191, 198, 217, f217
terrorism, 191
Abdul Aziz Al Saud, King of Saudi Arabia, p98, valleys, 195
106, p106 water issues, 198-199
Abdullah, King of Saudi Arabia, q63, q95, 106, women’s issues, 215
p106, 107 African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA),
Abe, Shinzo, q403, p404, 427, p427 d247, d275, d303
Abraham, 74, 75, 78, 121, 133 African National Congress (ANC), d233, 235, 237
absolute location, d9 African Union, 212, p212, d237
absolute monarchy, d30, 109, 351, 418 Afrikaans, 223, 231, 234
Abuja, Nigeria, p278, p280, 284, 287, p288, p291, Afrikaners, 223
p293, 294 Agadir Mosque, p205
acid rain, 231, d347, 411, 438 Akihito, Emperor of Japan, p35, p418, p424
Adams, John, q14, q23 Al-Bashir, Omar, 213
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, p212 Alexandria, Egypt, p91, 191
Aegean Sea, 156, 157, 159, 161 Algeria, 91, 195
Afghanistan, 67, p67, 89, p89 al-Hijra, d79
Africa, 186-221, m189, m190 Allah, d78, 79
animals, 187, 191, p191, 192, p192, 193, 203 alliance, 25
area, 187, 189 al-Qaeda, d89, 90
boundaries, 211 al-Shabaab, 268
civil war, d211, 213, 219 Amin, Idi, p211
colonization, 209-211 Amritsar, 381, 385, 386
deforestation, d200, p200, 204 Anatolia, Turkey, 157
desertification, d200, 201 Angola, 219, p219
disease, 199 Ankara, Turkey, p152, 164, p167
drought, 193, 200, 201 annexing, d441
education, 186, 215, p215 Antalya, Turkey, p157
environmental issues, 198-201, 204 anti-Semitism, d135
ethnic groups, d205, 205-207 apartheid, 192, d223, 230, 234, 235, p235, 236,
famine, d218, 219 237, 238, 241, 242, 243, 244, 246
farming, 193, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, aquifers, d71
204, 206, 207, 218, 219 Arabian Peninsula, 68, 70, p70, 78, 79, 264, 289
independence movements, 211 Arabian Sea, 67, 69, 70, 322, 376
instability, d214, 214-219 Arabic language, 9, 74, 97, 103, 123, 132, 206, 264
international organizations, 199, 200 Arab-Israeli War, 82, 84
lakes, 194 Arabs, 68, 73, 74, p74, 82, 84, 87, 289
livestock, herding and raising, 193, 202, p202, Arab Spring, 91, p91, d107, 116, 139
206 Ararat, Mount, 157, p159
mountains, 195 archipelago, d320, d408
natural resources, 209 armistice, d446, 447
physical features, 193-194 Ashanti people, 209
population, 187, 189 Ashdod, Israel, 131
religious groups, d205 Asia, 315
rivers, 194-195 See also South Asia, Southern and Eastern
slave trade, 208, p208, 209 Asia, Southwest Asia.
soil erosion, 200 Assal, Lake, 189

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assimilate, d86 bond, d475

assimilation, d210 Bongeunsa Temple, p327
Aswan High Dam, 199 Bosporus Strait, p154, p155, 156, p158, 159, 160
Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal, p154, 163, 165, p165, Botswana, 218, 228, 229
p168, 171 Brahman, d325
Ataturk Dam, p71, p159 Brahmins, 326, p326
Atlantic Ocean, 192, 194, 208, 223, 228, p228, BRICS, d247
229, 284, 285, 290 Britain
Atlas Mountains, 195, p195 See Great Britain.
atomic bomb, 331, 414, p414, 416-417, p416, p417 British South Africa, 233
autocracy, d30, 109 Buddha, p319, 327, p327, p350
autocratic, d449 Buddhism, 103, 319, 324, 327, 328, 350, p406,
autonomous, d419 412, p430, 439, 440, p440
Azikiwe, Nnambi, p282 budget, 473, p473
Buhari, Muhammadu, p35, p280, p302
B Bukhansan National Park, p437
Burundi, 271
Babacan, Ali, q151 Busan, Korea, p323
Babur, Emperor of India, 383 Bush, George W., p238
Bahrain, 91 Byzantine Empire, 78, 79
Bangalore, India, p394, p396
Bangladesh (East Pakistan), 376, 379, 388 C
See also East Pakistan.
Bantu-speaking people, 206, p206, 207, 232, p232, Cairo, Egypt, 191, p205
264 Calcutta (Kolkata), India, 382
Bashir Tofa Mosque, p288 Caliph Omar, 134
Basic Law (Israel), 137 Cambodia, 330, 445
Basic Law of Government (Saudi Arabia), d109 camel racing, 108, p108
Bedouins, 11, 70, 105 camels, p94, 101, p108, 193, p193, 202, 279, p380
Begin, Menachem, p124 Cameroon, 192, 200, 284, 285
Beijing, China, 347, 348, p348, 355, p357, 359, Canaan, 75
p359 Cape of Good Hope, 223, 228, p228
Belgium, 209, p211 Cape Point, 228, 229
Bengal, Bay of, 320, 322, 376, 379 Cape Town, South Africa, p224, p226, 233, p233,
Bengal tiger, p371 234, 239, p240
Ben-Gurion, David, q121 capital goods, d41, 52
Benin, 195, 284, 285 See also specific countries.
Benue River, 285 Cappadocia, Turkey, p157, p172
Berlin Conference, 210, p210, p254, 265 Carter, Jimmy, 114, p124, 197, 216, p216, p366
Bernanke, Ben, q39 Carter Center, 216
Bethlehem, 76, p77, 134 Caspian Sea, 67
Biafra, Independent State of, d291, 292, 295 caste system, d326, 327, 371, 390
Bible, d77, 79, 80 Castle of Good Hope, p226
bicameral legislature, 26 cease-fire, d333
Bill of Rights, d418 Central Court, d449
bin Laden, Osama, 89 Central Hills, 127
Black Sea, 156, 157, 159 certificate of deposit (CD), d475
Bloemfontein, South Africa, 239, p240 Chad, 216, 284
Blue Nile River, 194 Chagga people, 196, 197
Bockscar, 417 Chang Jiang (Yangtze) River, 321, 322, p322, 345,
Boers, 233 p345, 347, 348
Boko Haram, p282, d288 Chappal Waddi, 286
Bollywood, 392, 393, p393 charitable giving, 473, p473
Bombay, India, 70, p376, 392, 393 checking account, 472
See also Mumbai, India. Chiang Kai-shek, 352

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China, 9, 30, 315, 319, 321, 322, 324, 329, 331, western influence, 352, 354, 359, 360
332, 234, 335, 338-369, m343, m344 in World War I, 352
 air pollution, 339, 343, p347, 347-348, p348, 359 in World War II, 352
area, 343, 344, 345 China’s Sorrow, 349
borders, 344, 346 Chinese Communist Party (CCP), 350, d352, p352,
branches of government, 357 358, 359, 360
civil war, 352-353 Chinese Revolution, 357
climate, 345, 346 choices, d43
collective ownership, 353, 361 Christianity, 63, 74, 75, 76, 77, 79, 103, 134, 205,
communism, 350, 352, 358, 359, 360, 361 206, 209, 213, 262, 290, 291, 439, p439, 441
Cultural Revolution, p316, d353, 354, 361 Christians, 74, 77, 80, 121, 129, 132, 134, 161, 231,
currency (yuan), p340, 362, 363 288, p288, 350, 381
cyber security, d366 church, d77, p77
deserts, 345, 346 citizens, power of, 29
economic continuum, f361 citizenship, 15
economy, 361-365 civic life, d14, 15
education, 356, 358, p358, 359, 364 civics, 23
elections, 359 civil disobedience, d385, 386, 387
entrepreneurship, 362, 365 civilian, d446
environmental issues, 339, 343, 347-349, 359, civilian rule, d291, 293
360, 366, 367 civil war, d211, 213, 219
ethnic groups, 341, p349, 350, 356 Clinton, Bill, p246, 397
famine, 339, 352, 353 coalition, d442
farming, 345, 346, 347, 352, 353, 354, 358, Cold War, d331, 333, d442
361, 362, 363, 364 colony, d210
flag, p340 command economy, d49, d361, 362, d452
floods, 345, 346, 349 communism, 319, 320, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334,
Georgia relations, 363 350, 352, 358, 359, 360, 361
government, 27, 357-359 communist, d357
Great Leap Forward, d353, p353, 361 confederation government, d28
health, 348, 349 Confucianism, 324, 328, 329, 441
history, 351-356 Confucius, 328, 329, p329, 440
human capital, 363, 364 Congo, 192, 209
human rights, d366 Congo Rain Forest, 192, 194, 257
hydroelectric power, 346, p346, 363 Congo River, 192, p192, 194, 285
industry, 339, 347, 348, 353, p353, 358, 359, consequence, 19
361, 364, p364 Constantine, 77, 134
Internet, 355, 359, 360 Constantinople, p154, 162
inventions See also Istanbul.
languages (Mandarin, etc.), 341, 350 Constitutional Court (South Africa), p26, d240
life expectancy, 341 Constitutional Court (South Korea), d451
nationalists, 351-353 Constitutional Court (Turkey), 167
natural resources, 343, 363 constitutional monarchy, d35, 415, d418
one-child policy, 349, 356, p356, q356, 359 Consultative Council (Saudi Arabia), d110
physical features, 345-346 consumer, d41
population, 341, 345, 347, 349, 356, 364 Consumer Price Index (CPI), d53
religion, 341, 350 containment, d331
rivers, 345, 346, 348, 349 contests, d44
Special Economic Zones, d364 Coolidge, Calvin, q15
technology, 339, 354, 363, 364 cooperative farm, d452
Tiananmen Square protests, p342, 355, p355, Council of Ministers (Saudi Arabia), d110
360 Council of State (Turkey), 167
trade, 362-364, f362, 367 coup, d164
United States relations, 364, 366-367 Court of Cessation (Turkey), 167
water issues, 339, 343, 348-349, p348, p349 CPI (Consumer Price Index), d53

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credit, d477, 477-479 direct democracy, 31

credit cards, 477 disciples, d76
credit history, d478 diverse economy, d113
credit score, d478 diversified economy, d140, d297
crucifixion, d77 domestic, d17
Crusades, d134 dominion, d385
cultural diversity, 11 domino theory, d333, 334, d448
Cultural Revolution, p316, d353, 354, 361 Drakensberg Mountains, 229
culture, 7, 11 drip irrigation, d71
currency, d55 Durban, South Africa, p245
See also specific countries. Dutch East India Company, d233, p233
cyber security, d366
E
D
earthquakes, p406, 409, 410, p410, 411
da Gama, Vasco, p264, 371, p374 East African Community (EAC), 271
Dalai Lama, 328, p367 East African Protectorate, 265
Damascus, Syria, 67 East China Sea, 321, 322, 344, 345
Dardanelles Strait, 156, 159 East Pakistan, 379, 387, 388
David, King of Israel, 76, 134 See also Bangladesh.
Davutoğlu, Ahmet, q151 economic continuum, d51
Dead Sea, 69, 128, 129, p129, 131, 141 economic questions, 47-48
Dead Sea Scrolls, 129 economics, d16
Debania kibbutz, p124, 143 economic systems, 48-51
De Beers Company, 244 economist, d47
Deccan Plateau, 377, 378 economy
decision, d18 command, d4, d49, d361
decision making, 5, 6, 11, 15, 16, 18-19 market, d49, 49-50, d362
Declaration of Establishment, 137 mixed, 50-51
deforestation, 10, 160, d200, p200, 204, 260, 271, traditional, d48
287, p295 ecosystem, 194, d203
de Klerk, F. W., 235, p235 Egypt, 70, 75, 91, p91, p186, 187, 190, 191, 198,
Delhi, India, 381 199, 206, 209
See also New Delhi. Eid al-Adha, d79
Delhi Sultanate, 383 Eid al-Fitr, d79
delta, d285 Eightfold Path, 327
demand and supply, d45, d46 Eilat, Israel, 132
Demilitarized Zone (DMZ), p316, d334, p334, Eisenhower, Dwight D., 333, p333
d442, 444-445, p444, p445, 446, 447 Elizabeth II, Queen, 265
democracy, d31 embargo, d54, 82, p82, 114, d235, 243, 246
forms of, 34-35 Empty Quarter, 70, p70, d101, p101
Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Enola Gay, 416
See North Korea. entrepreneur, 42
Democratic Republic of the Congo, 190, 192, entrepreneurship, d42
p192, 194 See also specific countries.
Deng Xiaoping, 339, 354, p354, 355, 356, p366 environment, d8
denuclearization, d458 Ephesus, Turkey, p150
desalination, d71, d102 Equator, 9, 187, 193, 256, 257, 258, 279, 284, 286
deserts, 187 Erdoğan, Recep Tayyip, p152
desertification, 10, d102, d200, 201, 231, d260, 271 escarpment, d229
diaspora, 76, d134 Ethiopia, 198, p200, 201, p212, 216, p218, 256, 261
dictator, 334 ethnic group, d73, d205
dictatorship, d30, d211, 357 Euphrates River, 67, p67, 68, 69, 71, p71, 75, 158,
Diet (Japan), p404, 415, 418, p418, 419 p159, 171
diplomatic relations, d302 Everest, Mount, p314, 315, 321, p346

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exchange rate, 55 Gedi (Gede), Kenya, p254

executive branch, 26 Gemcheon Village, 439
Exodus, d75 Geneva Conference, 334
expenses, d42, d472 genocide, 213
geography, d8
F themes of, 8, 9-11
Germany, 209
factors of production, d41 Ghana, 209, p216
famine, d218, 219 Giant of Africa, 279
Farsi language, 74 giant panda, p315
Fat Man, 417, p417 Giza, pyramids of, p186
Federal Executive Council (Nigeria), d294 globalization, d17
federal government, 28, d293 Global Positioning System (GPS), 12-13
Fertile Crescent, d158 Gobi Desert, 315, 321, 322, 345, p345, 346
fertilizer, d199 Goddess of Democracy, 355, p355
FICO scores, 478 Golan Heights, 127, 130, p130, 135
FIFA World Cup, p226, 238 Golden Rule of Behavior, d328
financial investment, d475 Golden Temple, Amritsar, India, p381
first-come/first-served, d44 goods, d40
Five Pillars of Islam, d80, p80, 104 capital, d41, 52
fixed expense, d472 government, d15, d25
flags, p22 branches of, 25-26
See also specific countries. See also specific branches.
floods, 320, 321, 453 levels of, 27-28
Forbidden City, 339, p339 See also specific levels.
force, d44 types of, 25
fossil water, d71 Government of India Act, d385
Four Modernizations, d363, 364 GPS (Global Positioning System), 12-13
Four Noble Truths, d327 Grand Bazaar, Istanbul, 170, p170
France, 209 Grand Canal, China, 345
free enterprise, 50 Grand Mosque, Mecca, 104
French Indochina Grand National Assembly, Turkey, p166, d167
See Indochina. Great Britain, 191, 192, 194, 209, 210, 213
Frost, Robert, q8 Great Escarpment, 229, 230
Fuji, Mount, p10, p402 Great Firewall, 360
Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, 409, 410, Great Hall of the People, p340, p357
p410, 411, 422 Great Leap Forward, d353, p353, 361
Fulani people, 209 Great Mosque of Mecca, p78
Great Rift Valley, 195, p195, 257, 258, p258, 263
G Great Wall of China, p338, 339
Green Belt Movement, 261
Galilee, Sea of, 69 Green Line, 201
Gandhi, Indira, 390 Green Revolution, d392, 395, 396
Gandhi, Mohandas (Mahatma), q315, 331, q371, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), d51, p51, 52, 112
385, 386-387, p386, p387 Guinea, 195, 200, 285
Ganges Action Plan, d380 Guinea, Gulf of, 279, 284, 285, p285, p287
Ganges Plain, 378 Guinea worm, 216, p216
Ganges River, 319, 320, p320, 325, 377, 379, p379, Gyeongbokgung Palace, p440
380, p380
Garissa University College, 268, 274
Gashaka Gumti National Park, 279, 286
H
Gaza Strip, 68, 69, 126, 130, 135, 136 habitat loss, 10
GDP (Gross Domestic Product) Hadera, Israel, 132
See Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Haedong Yonggungsa Temple, p430
GDP per capita, 51 Hagia Sophia, p150-151

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Haifa, Israel, p9, p72, p127, 132, p146 Independent State of Biafra, d291, 292, 295
hajj, 79, 80, 85, 104, p104, 105 India, 9, 35, 69, 70, 209, 233, 264, 265, 315, 319,
Han, d350 320, 321, 322, 325, 326, 327, 330, 331, 346, 370-
harmattan, d286 401, m375, m376
Hasankeyf, Turkey, p68, p158 air pollution, 377, 379, p379
Hausa language, 281 area, 375, 376
Hausa people, 287, 288 borders, 376, 378, 388
head of government, d30, d240, d357 branches of government, 389
head of state, d35, d240, d357 British rule, 384-388, 389
Hebrew language, 123, 132 capital goods, 396
Hebrews, 75 caste system, d326, 327, 371, 390
Herzliya, Israel, p142 challenges, 390
hibakusha, 417 civil disobedience, d385, 386, 387
High Court (Saudi Arabia), d110 climate, 378, 380, p380
Hijrah, 78 constitution, 390
Himalayan Mountains, 9, p314, 319, 320, 321, 322, currency (rupee), p372, d394
p322, 346, p346, 371, 376, 377, p377, 379 democracy, 371, 384, 389, 391, 397
Hindi language, 373, 381, p381, 393 deserts, 378, 380
Hinduism, 103, 319, 320, 324, 325, p325, 326, diamond industry, 378, 394, 395, 399
p326, 327, p380, 381, 384, 385, 386, 387, 388, 390 economic continuum, f391
Hindu Kush, 377 economy, 391-396
Hirohito, Emperor of Japan, 416, 417, p417, 418 education, 373, 384, 385, 390, p390, 395,
Hiroshima, Japan, 331, 414, 416-417, p417 p395, 396, 398
history, d6, 7 elections, 390, p390
HIV/AIDS, d217, 217-218, 236, 241, 246, 274, 425 entrepreneurship, 396
Ho Chi Minh, 331, 332, p332, 334, 335 environmental issues, 375, 378-380, 390, 396,
Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, p9, 332 398
See also Saigon. ethnic groups, 373
Hokkaido, 408 farming, 377, p377, 378, 379, 380, 392, f392,
Holocaust, 135, p135 p392, 395, 396, 399
Holy Land, 134 flag, p372
homogenous, d412 flooding, 378, 380, p380
Hong Kong, p319, p362 Georgia relations, 394
Honshu, 320, 408, 409, 410 Golden Age, 383
Hormuz, Strait of, 67, 69 government, 389-390
Hoysaleswara Temple, p325 Gross Domestic Product (GDP), 392, 396
Huang He (Yellow River), 321, p321, 322, 345, health and disease, 378, 380, 398
347, 349 history, 371, 383-388
Huangshan mountain range, p344 human capital, 395-396
human capital, 52 independence movement, 384, 385, 386-387,
See also specific countries. 389
human/environment interaction, 10 industry, 377, 378, 379, 380, 392, 393, 395, 396
human geography, d9 international organizations, 399
human resources, d42 language, 373, 381, p381, 384, 387, 390, 393
human rights, d366 life expectancy, 373
Hussein, Saddam, 87, 88, 90 military, 397, p398, p399
mountains, 377, 378, 379, 380
movie industry (Bollywood), 392, 393, p383
I nationalism, d384, 384-387
natural resources, 375, 378, 395
Igbo (Ibo) people, 287, 288, 291
partition, 388
Ikeja, Nigeria, p282
physical features, 377
Iman of Oman, 264
population, 371, 373, 376, 378, 379, 380, 381,
imperialism, d209, 209-211
390, 395, 396
income, d42, d472
poverty, 379, 382, 396, 398

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 World Studies for the Georgia Student - Grade 7

religion, 373, 381, 382, 383, 384, 386, 387, 388 flag, p122
respiratory disease, d379 geographic regions, 127
service industry, 392, p396 Georgia relations, 141
technology, 392, 394, p394, 395, p395, 396, government, 137-138
p396, 399 Gross National Product (GDP), 140
trade, 377, 378, 380, 394, 397, 398 history, 133-136
United States relations, 397 homeland, 84, 135
water issues, 377, 379, p379, 380, 392, p399 human capital, 141
in World War I, p374, 385, p385 international organizations, 147
in World War II, 385, p385 languages, 123
Indian National Congress, d384, p384, 385, 387 life expectancy, 123
Indian Ocean, 67, 70, 191, 192, 206, 207, 223, 228, military, p120, 121, 145, p145
p228, p230, 233, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 264, natural resources, 125, 130, 141
320, 346, 371, 376, 377, 378, 399 population, 123, 132
indigenous, d413 religion, 123
indirect rule, d210 technology, 140, 142
Indochina, 330, 331, 333 tourism, 127, 128, 129, 132, 140
Indochina War, 332 trade, 140-141, 144-146, f147
Indus River, 377, 383 United States relations, 144-146
Indus Valley civilization, 383, p383 wars, 136, p136
Industrial Revolution 56-67, 204, 209 Israelis, 82, 84
industrial wastes, d199 issue, d18
inflation, d53 Istanbul, p151, 162, p162, 164, 165, 170, 172
infrastructure, d297 See also Constantinople.
instability, d214, 214-219 Itsukushima Shrine, p318
interest, d474 Izmit, Turkey, p49, p168, p171
Internet, 10, 403
investment, d475, 475-476 J
Iran, 30, 67, 69, 71, 74, p74, p79, 80, 81, 82, 85,
p85, 86, 107, 174 Jabal Sawda, 101
Iraq, 9, p64, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 74, 81, 82, 85, 86, Japan, p10, 35, 315, 319, 320, 322, 323, 328, 330,
87, p87, 88, 90, p90, 91, 95, 100, 106, 156, 158, 331, 402-429, m407, m408
164, 169, 174 area, 407, 409
irrigation, d70 atomic bomb, 331, 414, p414, 416-417, p416,
ISIS, d86, 90, 91, 116, 164, 171, 426 p417
Islam, 63, 74, 75, d78, 79, 80, 85, 95, 103, 105, branches of government, 419
161, 205, 206, 207, 213, 233, 262, 264, 383 capital goods, 423
See also Sunni Islam, Shia Islam. climate, 411
Israel, 30, p63, 68, 69, 71, 75, 76, 82, 84, 87, 120- constitution, 415, 418
149, m125, m126 currency (yen), p404, d421
agriculture, 121, 127, 128, 130, 139, 140, 141, earthquakes, p406, 409, 410, p410, 411
143, 146 economic continuum, f421
area, 125, 126 economy, 403, 409, 412, 415, 420-423, 424,
branches of government, 138 425, 426, 427, p427
capital goods, 142 education, 405, 422, 423
climate, 130, 131 elections, 418
creation of state, 135-136 entrepreneurship, 423
currency (shekel), p122, d141, p141 environmental issues, 407, 411, 425, 426
economic continuum, f139 ethnic groups, 405, 412
economy, 121, 139-143 farming, 409, 411, 415, 421, p421, 422
education, 123, 140, 141 fishing, p408, 409, p409, 411, 412, 422
elections, 138 flag, p414
entrepreneurship, 142 Georgia relations, 422
environmental issues, 125, 129, 130, 131 government, 418-419
ethnic groups, 123 Gross Domestic Product (GDP), 423

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health, 417, 425, 426 K

history, 413-417
human capital, 422 Ka’bah, d78, p78, 79, 80, 104, p104
industry, 409, 414, 415, 420, 421, 422, 423 Kabul, Afghanistan, p67
international organizations, 427 Kalahari Desert, 201, p210, 229, p229, 230
islands, 408 Kanagawa, Treaty of, 414
language, 405, 412 Kandariya Mahadeva Temple, p316
life expectancy, 405 Kano, Nigeria, p287, p288
literacy rate, 422 Karakoram range, 377
martial arts, 405 karma, d325, 326, 327
military power, 415, 419, 420, 425 Kerala, India, p378
mountains, 403, 409, p409, 411, 417 Kenya, 35, 190, 191, p191, 194, p196, p199, 203,
natural resources, 407, 411, 421, 422, 423, 425 206, 207, 215, p215, 250-276, m255, m256
nuclear disaster, p406, 409, 410, 411, 422 animals, p250, 251, 258, p260
nuclear power, 410, 411, 422 area, 255, 256
physical features, 409 branches of government, 267
population, 405, 409, 411, 412, 419, f419 British influence, 251
rebuilding after World War II, 415 capital goods, 272
religion, 405, 412 challenges, 268
renewable energy, 411, p411 climate, 257, 258, 259, 260, 274
technology, 403, 420, p421, 423, 425, 427 colonial rule, 265
trade, 412, 414, 421, 422, f425, 426, 427 constitution, 267
tsunami, p406, d409, 410, p410, 411, 422 coral reefs, 257
United States relations, 403, 424-427 corruption, 268, 269, 274
vehicles, 403, 417, p421, 423, 426, 427 currency (shilling), p252, 270, p270
work ethic, d420, 422, 423 deforestation, 260, 271
World War II, 403, 414, 416, 424 desertification, d260, 271
Japan, Sea of, 320, 321, 322, 323, p323, 408, 436 droughts, 260, 263, 268, 274, 275
Japan Current, 411 economic continuum, 269, f270
Japanese language, 405, 412 economy, 269-272
Japanese people, 316, 331, 332, 333 education, 253, 260, 271, p271, 272, p272, 274
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 102, p103 elections, 267
Jeju Island, p437 entrepreneurship, 272, p272
Jerusalem, Israel, p64, p68, p75, 76, p76, p77, environmental issues, 251, 255, 260, 261, 274
p120, 121, p122, p124, 131, 133, p133, 134, p134, ethnic groups, 253, 262, 263
135, 136, 137 farming, 257, p257, 258, 259, p259, 260, 268,
Jesus, p64, 76, 77, 134 270, 271, 272
Jews, 68, p75, 76, 77, 80, 85, 121, 129, 132, 134, flag, p252
135, 137, 161 freedoms, 267
Jezreel Valley, 127 government, 267-268
Jiang Jieshi, 352 Gross Domestic Product (GDP), 270, 272
Jimmu, 413, p413 health, 272, 274
Johannesburg, South Africa, p187, p222, 230, highlands, 257, 258, 259, 265, 271
p230, 236 history, 264-266
Joint Economic Development Group, d146 HIV/AIDS, 274
Joint Security Area (JSA), DMZ, 444, p444 human capital, 272
Jonathan, Goodluck, p282 hydropower, 259, 271
Jordan, 9, 68, 71, 75, 84, 91, 100, 126, 129, 136, independence, 266
258 international organizations, 275
Jordan Rift Valley, 127, 128, p128, 132 ivory trade, 260, p260
Jordan River, 68, 69, 71, 128, 129 language, 251
Joseon (or Chosŏn), Kingdom of, d440, p441 life expectancy, 253
Juche Tower, p449 literacy rate, 271, 272
Judaism, 63, 74, d75, 76, 77, 103, 121, 132, 137 livestock, 257, 262, 263, 270, 271
judicial branch, 26 location, 251, 256, 257

519
 World Studies for the Georgia Student - Grade 7

Mau Mau movement, d265 Kuk Hoe

nationalism, 265 See National Assembly, South Korea.
national parks and reserves, 251, p251, p256, Kuomintang, 351, 352
258, 260 Kurdish Democratic Party of Iran (KDPI), 86
natural resources, 256, 259, f259, 261, 271 Kurdish language, 86, 87, 161
physical features, 257-258 Kurdistan, 86, 87
political parties, 266 Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK), 86, p86
population, 253, 257, 260, 262 Kurds, 73, p73, 74, 86, 87, p87, 90, 161
Portuguese explorers, 264 Kuwait, 9, 68, 69, p69, 81, 82, 88, 95, 100, 106
poverty, 261, 268, 269, 271 Kuwait City, p62, p88
religion, 253, 262 Kyoto, Japan, p406
runners, 251 Kyushu, 408
tariffs, 270
terrorism, 263, 268, 274 L
tourism, 251, 257 268, 275
trade, 260, 264, 265, 270-271, 272, 274, 275 Lagos, Nigeria, p199, p286, 287, p296, p299,
United States relations, 273 p300, p301
urbanization, d260 laissez-faire, 50
water issues, 257, 260, 268, 275 Land of the Rising Sun, 403
Kenya, Mount, 251, 257, 258, p258 languages, 7, p7, 9
Kenyan African National Union (KANU), 266 Laos, 330, 334
Kenya State House, p267 latitude, d9
Kenyatta, Jomo, p254, 265, p265, 266 Lausanne Peace Treaty, d163
Kenyatta, Uhuru, p252, p273, p275 Law of Return, d137
Kerry, John, 302 League of Nations, 32
Kibaki, Mwai, 266, p266 Lebanon, 69, 75, 84, 85, 126, 130
kibbutz, 143, p143 Lee Myung-bak, q431
Kilimanjaro, Mount, 189, 195, 196-197, p196, legislative branch, 26
p197, p250 legislature, 26
Kim Dae-jung, p434, 446 See also specific forms.
Kim family, 431 Lesedi Cultural Village, South Africa, p232
Kim Il-sung, p30, p443, 449 Leshan Buddha statue, p350
Kim Jong-il, p434, 443, p443, 449, p449 Lesotho, 228, 229, 236, 261
Kim Jong-un, q431, p432, 443, 449, 450, 453 Lewa Wildlife Conservancy, p260
Kim Young-sam, 446 Libya, 91
Kiswahili language, 253, 262 Lincoln, Abraham, 24, p24
See also Swahili language. lira, p152, p168, d169
Knesset, p28, p122, d137, p137, 138 Little Boy, 416, p416, 417
Kobe, Japan, 408, p420 Livingstone, David, p209
Kolkata (Calcutta), India, 382 location, d9
Korea, 331, 333 loess, 321
history, 431, 440-441 Lokoja, Nigeria, 285
Japanese occupation, 441 longitude, d9
religion, 441 Long March, d352, 354
in World War II, 441, p441 lottery, d44
See also North Korea, South Korea.
Korea Bay, 436 M
Korean language, 433, 439, 440
Korean Peninsula, 320, 321, 322, 323, 333, 334, Maasai Mara National Game Reserve, p251, 258,
344, 431, 436, 437, 438, 439, 441, 442, 444, 446, p263
447, 448, 455, 457, 458 Maasai tribe, p251, 263, p263
Korean War, 321, 333, p434, 442, p442, 448 Maathai, Wangari, q251, p254, 261, p261
kraal, 263 MacArthur, Douglas, 415, p415
Krugerrand, p242 MacArthur Constitution, d415
Kshatriyas, 326 Madagascar, p200

520
Index

Mafadi peak, South Africa, 229 See Teresa, Mother.

Mahayana Sutras, d328 Motlanthe, Kgalema, 234
Ma Jian, q339 Mountbatten, Lord Louis, 388, p388
Malawi, 261 movement, 10
Malaysia, 322 Mozambique, 195, 206, 207, 228, 258
Mali, 195, 216, 285 Mudros Armistice, d163
Manchuria, p406, 414 Mugabe, Robert, 214, p214
Mandarin language, d350 Mughal Dynasty, 383
Mandela, Nelson, q187, 192, q223, 223, p226, Muhammad, 78, 79, 85, 104, 105, 134
234, p234, 235, 236, 237 Muju City, p437
Manhattan Project, 416, p416 multilateral, d458
Mao Zedong, 339, p342, 352, p352, 353, 354, 357 Mumbai (Bombay), India, p376, 379, 381, 390,
Marco Polo, p330, 339 392, 393, p394
market economy, d49, 49-50, d362 Muslin League, d384, p384, 385
Marmara, Sea of, 159, 161 Muslims, 74, d78, 79, 80, 85, 86, 90, 91, 121, 129,
Mau Mau movement, d265 132, 134, 164, 205, 206, 207, 288, 291, 350, 381,
Mbeki, Thabo, 237, 238, p238 384, 385, 387, 388
McCullough, David, q6 See also Islam.
Mecca, Saudi Arabia, 78, p78, 79, 80, 85, p94, 95, Mutual Defense Treaty, d458
p96, 102, 104, p105, p114 mutual funds, d476
Medina, Saudi Arabia, 78, p78, 95, 102, 105, p105,
p111 N
Mediterranean climate, d130, 132
Mediterranean Coastal Plain, 127 Nagasaki, Japan, 331, p408, 414, 416-417, p416,
Mediterranean Sea, p9, 67, 68, 70, 126, 132, 156, p417
157, 191, 194, 195, 202, 206 naira, p280, p296, d299
Mehmed VI, p83 Nairobi, Kenya, p250, p252, 260, 262, p262, p268,
merchants, d289 268, p269
Mesopotamia, 75, 158 Naksansa Buddhist Temple, p440
Messiah, d77 Namibia, 228, 229
microcredit industry, d396 Naoroji, Dadabhai, p384
Middle Way, d327 National Assembly (Kenya), 268
mila, 207 National Assembly (Nigeria), p280, p293, d294
military coups, d302 National Assembly (South Africa), 238, 240, p240
Ministry of International Trade and Industry National Assembly (South Korea), p27, p432,
(MITI), d421 d451, p451
missionaries, d290 National Council of Provinces (South Africa), 240
Missionaries of Charity, 382 National Development Plan (South Africa), d242
mixed economy, 50-51 National Diet
Modi, Narendra, p372, 397, p397 See Diet (Japan).
Moi, Daniel arap, p266 National People’s Congress, d358, p358
Mombasa, Kenya, 260, 264, p264 National Rainbow Coalition (NARC), 266
monarchy nationalism, d84, d265, 351, d387
absolute, d30 Nationalist Party (China), d351, 352
constitutional, d35 See also Kuomintang.
money management, 470-481 Nationalist Republic of China, 352
monotheism, d74, 75, 78 natural gas, 81, 130, 139, 286, 300
monsoon, d378, 380, p380, 411, p411 natural resources
monsoon season, d346 See specific countries.
Moon Jae-in, p432, p458 navigable, d285
Morocco, 91, 195, p195, p205, 206 Nazareth, 76
mortgage, f478 Nazi Party, d135
Moses, 75 needs and wants, 39, d40, 43
mosque, p78, d79, p79 Negev Desert, 127, 128, p128, 130, 132, p132
Mother Teresa Nepal, p314

521
 World Studies for the Georgia Student - Grade 7

Nero, p24 Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

Netanya, Israel, p121 (OPEC), 286, 296, 299, 303
Netanyahu, Benjamin, p122, p138 physical features, 285
New Delhi, India, 379, p379, p397 political parties, 291, 294
New Testament, d76 population, 279, 281, p282, 287
New York Stock Exchange, p476 poverty, 279, q279, 297, 300, p300
Niger, 195, 284 religious groups, 279, 281, 288, 291
Niger River, 192, 195, 198, 285, p285, 287 slave trade, 290
Niger River delta, 285 terrorism, 288, 295
Nigeria, 18, 190, 192, p192, 195, 198, 200, 209, trade, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, p289, 290,
214, 218, 278-305, m283, m284 299, 303
air pollution, 287, p299 United States relations, 302-303
animals, 279, p279 urbanization, 287
area, 279, 283, 285, 287 water issues, 287
branches of government, 294 Nigerian National Mosque, p278
British colonization, 290 Nile River, 191, p191, 194, 198, 199, 285
capital goods, 301 See also Blue Nile, White Nile.
challenges, 279, 295, 297 Nirvana, d327, 328
civilian rule, d291 Nobel Peace Prize, 236, 261, 382, 446
civil war, d291, 300, 302 Nobel Prize in Literature, 292
climate, 279 Nollywood, d297, 298, p298
constitutions, 279, 291, 293 nomads, d70, 202
corruption, 285, 286, 295, 300, 303 nonrenewable, d41
currency (naira), p280, p296, d290 Noor, Queen of Jordan, q5
deforestation, 287, p295 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 164,
economic continuum, f296 174, p174, 175
economy, 279, 284, 290, 295, 296-301, 303 North China Plain, 349
education, 300, p300, 303 North Korea, 30, 320, p320, 321, 323, p333, 334,
elections, 291, 293, 294, 295 344, 366, 367, m435, m436
entrepreneurship, 301 area, 435, 437
environmental issues, 283, 287, p295 borders, 436
ethnic groups, 279, 281, 287, 291 branches of government, 449
European traders, 290 capital goods, 456
farming, 285, 287, 297, p297, 300, 302, 303 climate, 437
flag, p280, p294 communist government, 442, 443, 445, 448,
Georgia relations, 299 449, 452, 456
government, 293-295 currency (won), p432, d454
Gross Domestic Product (GDP), 296, 298 cyberattacks, 454
health, 291, 303 economic continuum, f552
history, 289-292 economy, 452-453, 454
human capital, 300 education, 433, 455
independence movement, 290, 292 elections, 448, 449
international organizations, 303 environmental issues, 435, 438
language, 281, 287 famine, 449, 452, 453
life expectancy, 281 farming, 437, 438, 439, 449, p450, 452, p452
literacy rate, 300 flag, p432
livestock, p285 floods, 453
military rule, 279, 291, 293, 295, 300, 302 government, 448-450
national parks, 279, 286 history, 443
natural gas, 286, 300 human capital, 455
natural resources, 279, 283, 283, 286, 300 hydroelectric power, 437, 438, 455
Nollywood, d297, 298, p298 industry, 449, 453, 456
oil, 279, p279, 284, 285, 286, 287, p287, 295, in Korean War, 442
296, p296, 299, 300, 301, p301, 303 language, 433, 439, 440
oil pollution, 287 life expectancy, 433

522
Index

literacy rate, 455 d162, 163, m163, 165, 170, 173

military, 431, 443, p443, 449, p450, 453, 456, Ottoman Turks, 83, 162, 163
p457 overdraft, d473
mountains, 437, 439 Oyashio Current, 411
natural resources, 435, 438, 455
nuclear weapons, 443, 446, 453, 454, 457, P
458, p458
physical features, 437 Pakistan, 376, 378, 383, 388
political prisoner camps, 450 See also West Pakistan.
population, 433, 437, 439 Palestine, 134, 135, 143
poverty, p450 Palestine Liberation Organization, d136
religion, 433, 439 Palestinian-Israeli conflict, 136
reunification, d457 Palestinians, 84, 121, 135, 136, 145
reunions, 447, p447 Pan-African movement, d212, d266, d290, p290
sanctions, 454 Pan Africanist Congress, 235
trade, 454 panchayat, 390
United States relations, 457 Panmunjom, DMZ, 444
water issues, 438 Park Chung-hee, 446
North Korean won, p432, d454 Park Geun-hye, 446, 451
North Vietnam, 332, 3345, 335 parliament, 34
Parliament of India, p372, d389, p389
O Parliament of Kenya, p252, 261, d267, 268, p268
Parliament of the Republic of South Africa, d240
oasis, d67, 70, d101, p101, d201, p201 parliamentary democracy, d34, d166
Obama, Barack, p238, p254, 273, p273, 366, p366, partition, 387, d388
397, p397, p424, 427 Passover, 75
Obasanjo, Olusegun, q279 Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, 316, 331, p406, 414, p414
oil, 63, 68, 69, p72, 81-82, 87, p87, 88, p88, 102, peninsula, d321
106, 111, 112, 114, 130, 192, 195, 213, 279, p279, People’s Republic of China, p340, 347, 353, 357,
284, 285, 286, 287, p287, 295, 296, p296, 299, 361, 367
300, 301, p301, 303 Peres, Shimon, p138
Okinawa, Japan, p415, 425, p426 Perry, Commodore Matthew, p406, 414, p414
Old Testament, 77 Persian Gulf, 67, 68, 69, 82, 88, 100, 102, 158
oligarchy, d30 Persian Gulf War, 88, 90, d95, 106
Olympic Games See also Operation Desert Storm.
See Summer Olympic Games, Beijing, China. Persians, 73, 74, p74, 79
Oman, p70, p71, 91, 100 personal characteristic, d44
one-child policy, 349, 356, p356, q356, 359 personal finance, d471
OPEC personal life, d14
See Organization of Petroleum Exporting petrochemicals, d113
Countries (OPEC). petroleum, d81
Operation Desert Storm, p64, d88, p88 See also oil.
See also Persian Gulf War. pharmaceuticals, d139
Operation Iraqi Freedom, d90 philanthropy, d473, p473
Oppenheimer, J. Robert, 416 philosopher, d6
opportunity cost, d44 philosophy, d324
option, d19 physical geography, 9
Orange Free State, 233 place, 9
Orange River, South Africa, 229, p229 poaching, d260
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries Political Bureau of the Communist Party, d357
(OPEC), 28, p28, d81, 82, 112, 114, 117, 286, 296, political science, d14
299, 303 politics, d14
Osaka, Japan, 408, p412 Polo, Marco, p330, 339
Osama bin Laden, 89 polytheistic, d75
Ottoman Empire, d83, 84, 87, 88, 105, 134, 151, prefectures, d419

523
 World Studies for the Georgia Student - Grade 7

premier, 34, d357 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 95, p95, p96, 102, 108, p111
president, d357 riyal, p96, d113, p113
presidential democracy, d35, d294 Robben Island, 234, p234
presidential republic, d451 robotics, d423, p423
Pretoria, South Africa, p224, p226, 239, p239 Roh Tae-woo, 446
price, d44, 46 Roman Empire, 76, 77
prime meridian, 9, 187 Rosh Hashanah, d76
prime minister, 34, d389 Rowlatt Act, d385
producer, d41 Royal Natal National Park, South Africa, p222
profit, d42 Rub’ al-Khali
provocations, d443 See Empty Quarter.
Pyongyang, p431, p432, 437, 439, p442, p443, Rubio, Marco, q16
p448, p449, p450 rupee, p372, d394
Pyongyang Time, 433 Russo-Japanese War, p434, 441
Rwanda, 271
Q
S
Qatar, 100
Qing dynasty, China, d351, p351 Sadat, Anwar, p124
quota, d54 Sahara Desert, 10, 187, 193, p193, 200, 201, p201,
Quran, d79, 80, 104, 109, p109, 206, 207, 289 202, 206
Sahel, 193, p193, 198, 200, 201, 202, p202, 206
R Saigon
See Ho Chi Minh City.
Ramadan, d79, p79, 80 Sakurajima volcano, p409
rand, p224, d243, p243 Salman, King of Saudi Arabia, p30, p96, p97, 106,
Reagan, Ronald, 13, p382 107, p107
real investment, 475, p475 Samsung, 431, p434, p457
Red Army, d353 Samurai warriors, 413, p413
Red Guards, d354, p354 Santayana, George, 6
Red Sea, 68, 69, 70, 78, 100, 101, 102, 126, 129, Satyagraha, 386
191 Saudi Arabia, 9, 11, 27, 30, 68, 69, 71, 80, 81, 82,
refugees, d84, p84 85, p85, 88, 89, 94-119, m99, m100
regions, 11 area, 99, 100
reincarnation, d325, 326, 327, 328 capital goods, 115
relative location, d9 climate, 101
religious group, d74, d205 currency (riyal), p96, d113, p113
renewable, d41 economic continuum, f113
renminbi economy, 111, 112-115
See yuan. education, 97, 115
repossess, d477 elections, 107, 111
republic, 31, d239, d389, d293 entrepreneurship, 115
Republic of China, 351 environmental issues, 99, 102
Republic of Korea ethnic groups, 97
See South Korea. flag, p96
reservoir, 67, d71, d159 Georgia relations, 117
resource allocation, d44 government, 109-111
resources, 16, 43 Gross Domestic Product (GDP), 112
natural, d41 history, 105-107
human, d42 human capital, 114, 115
resurrection, d77 international organizations, 117
Rhodes, Cecil, p210 language, 9, 97, 103
rift valley, d128 life expectancy, 97
Rightly Guided Caliphs, 79, 85 literacy rate, 115
Ring of Fire, d409 natural resources, 99, 102, 114

524
Index

oil, 102, 106, 111, 112, 114 branches of government, 240-241

population, 97 British people and British rule, 231, 233, 234
religion, 97, 103 capital cities, 239
trade, 113, 117 capital goods, 245
trade barriers, 114 challenges, 241
unemployment, 113 climate, 230
United States relations, 116-117 constitution, 239
women’s roles, 103, 109, p109, 110, 111 currency (rand), p224, d243, p243
Saul, King of Israel, 76 diamonds and diamond mining, 230, p230,
savanna, 191, 193, 200, 203, p203, d258 233, 243, 244, 245, 247
saving, 474, f475 Dutch people, 223, 231, 233
scarcity, d16, d43 economic continuum f242
Scottsburgh, South Africa, p230 economy, 230, 237, 241, 242-245, 246, 247
Scramble for Africa, d210 education, 226, 236, 237, 242, 244, 246
Second Congo War, 187 elections, 237
secular, d137, d166, d390 embargo, d235, 243, 246
self-reliance, d443 entrepreneurship, 245
Senate (Kenya), 268 environmental issues, 227, 231
Seoul, South Korea, p430, 438, p438, 439, p446, ethnic groups, 225, 231, 235, 240
456 FIFA World Cup, p226, 238
Seoul National University, p455 flag, p224, p246
September 11, 2001, 67, 89, p89 Georgia relations, 243
Serengeti Plain, 258 gold and gold mining, 230, 233, 242, p242,
services, d40 243, 244, p244 245, p245
Shanghai, China, p338, 345, 347, p347, p350, 352, government, 30, 237, 239-241
362 Gross National Product (GDP), 244
Sharia Law, d80, 89, d109, 114, 213, 294 head of government, d240
sharing, d44 head of state, d240
Shatt al-Arab, 67, p67, 158 history, 223, 232-238
shekel, p122, d141, p141 HIV/AIDS, 236, 241, 246
Shia Islam (Muslims), 74, 79, d85, 86, 90, 91, 103, homelands, d235
107, 295 human capital, 244
Shi Huangdi, 339 infrastructure, 242
Shikoku, 408 international organizations, 247
shilling, p252, 270, p270 languages, 223, 225, 226, 231
Shinto, 319, 324, 328, 412 life expectancy, 225
shogunate, d413 literacy rate, 244
Shudras, 326 location, 223, 228
Siddhartha Gautama, 327 natural resources, 227, 230, 243
See also Buddha. physical features, 229
Sikhism, 103, 381, p381 platinum and platinum mining, 230, 242, 243,
Sinai Peninsula, 136 p243, 245, 247
Six-Day War, p124, 129, d136 population, 225, 230, 231
Six-Party Talks, d458 Portuguese explorers, 233
slave trade poverty, 236, 238, p241, 242
See trans-Atlantic slave trade. religion, 225, 231, 233
social sciences, 5 rivers, 229, 231
social studies, 5 slavery, 233
Solomon, King of Israel, 76, 134 technology, 242, 244, 245
Somalia, 191, 256, 268, 274, p274 trade, 223, 233, 235, 243, 244, 246, 247
Somalian Plate, 195 Truth and Reconciliation Commission, 236,
South Africa, p45, 190, 192, p194, 209, 222-249, d237
m227 unemployment, 238, 241, 242, 244, 245, 246
animals, 223, p223, 229 United States relations, 246-247
area, 227, 228 South China Sea, 322, 344

525
 World Studies for the Georgia Student - Grade 7

Southern and Eastern Asia, 314-337, m317 desert, 67, 68, 70, 71, 78
area, 315 environmental issues, 71-72
Aryan invasion, 325 ethnic groups, 67, 73-74, 84, 90
culture, 315, 319, 321, 322, 324, 328 farming, 70, 71, 72
ethnic groups, d324 industry, 72
languages, 315 irrigation, 67, 68, 69, d70, 71, p71, 72
population, 315, 319 livestock herding, 70, 71
poverty, 315, 327 nationalism, d84
religious groups, d324, 325-329 oil, 63, 68, 69, p72, 81-82, 87, p87, 88, p88
in World War II, 331, p331, 332, 333, 334 Ottoman rule, 83-84
South Korea, 35, 320, 321, 323, 334, 344, 362, physical features, 68-70
m435, m436 religious groups, d74, 74-80
air pollution, 438 trade, 63, 70, 71, 78, 82
area, 435, 437 United States interests, 87-90
borders, 436 water issues, 71-72
branches of government, 451 in World War I, 83
capital goods, 456 sovereignty, d25
climate, 437, 438 Soyinka, Wole, 292, p292, q292
corruption, 451 Special Economic Zones, d364
currency (won), p432, d454 specialization, d16, d42, 53
democratic government, 446, 448, 451 Sri Lanka, 376
economic continuum, f452 stalemate, d442
economy, 446, 453-455 standard of living, 52
education, 433, 439, 456, 459 standards, d54
elections, 446, 448, 451, p451 stocks, d476
environmental issues, 435, 438 subcontinent, d319, 371, 376, d377, 383, 384, 387
farming, 437, 438 sub-Saharan Africa, 191, 198, 217, f217
flag, p432 subsidy, d54, d169, d421
Georgia relations, 455 subsistence agriculture, d70
government, 451 Sudan, 190, 191, p191, 194, 198, 209, 213, 215, 219
Gross National Product (GDP), 453, 454, 456 Suez Canal, 10, 11, p64, d70, p70, d102
human capital, 456 Summer Olympic Games, Beijing, China, 347, 348,
hydroelectric power, 437, 438 359, p359
industry, 438, 453, 456 Sunni Islam (Muslims), 74, 79, p79, d85, 86, 90,
in Korean War, 442 91, 103, 161
language, 433, 439, 440 Sun Yixian, 351, 352
life expectancy, 433 supply and demand, d45, d46
military, p459 Supreme Court (India), d389
mountains 437 Supreme Court (Israel), 138
natural resources, 435, 438, 454, 455 Supreme Court (Japan), 419
physical features, 437 Supreme Court (Kenya), d268, p268
population, 433, 439 Supreme Court (Nigeria), d294
religion, 433, 439 Supreme Court (South Korea), d451
reunification, d457 Supreme Court of Appeal (South Africa), 240-241
reunions, 447, p447 Supreme People’s Assembly (North Korea), p432,
technology, 431, 453, 456, 459 p448, d449
trade, 454-455 Supreme People’s Court, d358
United States relations, 431, 458-459 sushi, p403
vehicle industry, 431, 454, p455 Swahili ethnic group, 207
water issues, 438 Swahili language, 251, 253, 262, 264
South Korean won, p432, d454 Swaziland, 228
South Sudan, 191, 198, 213, p213, 215, 216, 219, synagogue, d76
256 Syria, 9, p63, 67, 69, p69, 70, 71, 74, 75, 86, 91,
South Vietnam, p316, 332, 334, 335 116, 126, 128, 130, 156, 158, 164, 169, 174
Southwest Asia, 62-93, m65

526
Index

T area, 155
branches of government, 167
Taiwan, 353, 367 capital goods, 172
Taj Mahal, p370-371, p374 climate, 159
Taklamakan Desert, 321, p321, 322, 345, 346 courts, 167
Tanganyika, Lake, 194 currency (lira), p152, p168, 169
Tanzania, 194, 195, 203, p203, 206, 207, p208, entrepreneurship, 172
256, 257, 261, 263, 270, 271 deforestation, 160
tariff, d54, d421 economic continuum, f169
tectonic, 195 economy, 168-172, 175
tectonic plates, d258, d319 education, 153, 163, 171
Tehran, Iran, p26, p62 elections, 164
Tel Aviv, 122, 127, 131, 137 environmental issues, 155, 160
temple, 76 ethnic groups, 153, 161
Ten Commandments, d75 European Union, desire to join, 151, 157, 166,
Teresa, Mother, 382, p382 169, 175
terraces, p10, p346, d409, p409, 411, 422 flag, p152
terracotta army, 339, p342 freedoms, 166
terrorism, 67, 86, 87, 89, p89, d107, 191, 426 Georgia relations, 175
Thailand, p16, 314, p327 government, 166-167
Thar Desert, 380, p380 Gross Domestic Product (GDP), 168, 171
Three Gorges Dam, d346, p346, 347 history, 162-165
Tiananmen Square, p342, 355, p355, 360 independence, 151, 163
Tibet, 345, 367, p367 international organizations, 164, 175
Tigris River, 67, p67, 68, p68, 69, 71, 75, 158, lakes, 159
p158, 171 language, 153, 161
Tokugawa shogunate, 412 life expectancy, 153
Tokyo, Japan, 315, p315, p323, p402, 408, 412, literacy rate, 164, 171
p420, 422, 424 location, 151
Torah, d75, 76, p76, 77, 80 mountains, 157
trade, d16, 17, d54 natural resources, 155, 160, 171
barriers to, 54 natural stone, 160, p160, 171, p175
trade-off, d45 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO),
traditional economy, d48 164, 174, 175
trans-Atlantic slave trade, d208, p208, 209, 290 population, 153, 161
Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), d427 religion, 153, 163
transparency, d302, 303 rivers, 158
Transvaal, 233 terrorism, 164, 171, 174
travertine, p156 trade, 157, 169
Tree of Wisdom, 327 United States relations, 164, 173-175
Tripitaka, d328 women’s issues, 163
tropical rain forest, 192, 194, 200, 203-204, 209, in World War I, 163, 165
257, 279, 285, 286 in World War II, 164
tropical savanna climate, d286 Turkish language, 153, 161
Truman, Harry S., 414, 416 Tutu, Desmond, 236, p236
Truman Doctrine, d173 typhoon, d411
Trump, Donald, p31, 95, p97, p397, p427, 457,
p458 U
Truth and Reconciliation Commission, 236, d237
Tsavo East National Park, South Africa, p256, 258 Uganda, 192, 194, 219, p219, 256, 257, 261, 270,
tsunami, p406, d409, 410, p410, 411, 422 271
Tuareg tribe, 202 Uludag Mountain, Turkey, p157
Tunisia, 91, p188, 195 unemployment, d53
Turkey, p7, 35, p63, 67, 68, 69, 72, p72, 75, 83, unicameral legislature, 26
84, 86, 150-177, m155, m156 unitary government d27

527
 World Studies for the Georgia Student - Grade 7

Union of South Africa, 233 Wudi, 329

United Arab Emirates, 100
United Nations, 28, 32-33, p32-33, 84, 88, 106, XYZ
135, 147, 164, 175, 199, 237, 247, 261, 275, 303,
367, 399, 426, 427, 441 Xi Jinping, p30, p340
United States Capitol, p25, Yalta Agreement, d441, 442
United States Constitution, p22-23 Yalu River, p454
United States Supreme Court, p25 Yamato clan, 413, 419
untouchables, 326, 390 Yarkon River, Israel, 131, p131
urbanization, d260 Yangtze River
US-China Strategic and Economic Dialogue See Chang Jiang (Yangtze) River.
(S&ED), 366 Yellow River
US-India Strategic and Commercial Dialogue, d398 See Huang He (Yellow River).
Yellow Sea, 321, 322, 323, 344, 345, 436
V Yemen, 91, 100, 107
yen, p404, d421
Vaishyas, 326 Yildirim, Binali, p152
value, d19 Yom Kippur, d76
variable expense, d472 Yoruba people, 287, 288, 292
Vedas, d325, 326 yuan, p340, 362, 363
velds, d228, p228 Zanzibar, 206
Victoria, Lake, 194, p194, 195, 256, 257, 259, 260 Zimbabwe, 214, p214, 217, 218, 228, 261
Victoria, Queen, 194, 257, p265, p374 Zionists, d135
Vietnam, p10, 320, 322, 330, 331, 332, 334, 335 Zulu language, 225
See also North Vietnam, South Vietnam. Zulu nation, 209, 231, p231, 233
Vietnam War, 332, 334, p334, 335, p335 Zuma, Jacob, p224, 234, 238, p238, 241
volcano, 195, 258 Zuma Rock, 286, p286
vote, d44

W
wadi, d101
Wailing Wall, 76, p76
wants and needs, 39, d40, 43
Wakonyingo people, 197
war reparations, d415
water wars, 198
Waze app, 121, 140, 142
weapons of mass destruction (WMDs), 88, 90
West Bank, 68, 69, 129, 135, 136, p136
Western Wall, p75, 76, p76, p124
West Pakistan, 387, 388
See also Pakistan.
White House, p25
White Nile River, 194, p194
Wilson, Woodrow, 32
wood, 10, 194, 201, 204, p204, 263
Workers’ Party of Korea, 450
work ethic, d420, 422, 423
World Trade Center, 89, p89
World Trade Organization, p247
World War I, 83, 134, 163, 165, 352, p374, 385,
p385
World War II, 32, 135, 164, 331, p331, 332, 333,
334, 352, 385, p385, 403, 414, 416, 424

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Acknowledgments

Acknowledgments
Picture Credits: The following abbreviations are used for
sources from which photos or illustrations were obtained:
LOC (Library of Congress); – SS (Shutterstock); – wiki
(Wikimedia Commons/Public Domain);

Cover: All images are SS; Back Cover: All SS

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 World Studies for the Georgia Student - Grade 7

Acknowledgments - cont.

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