Republic of the Philippines

Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ANTI SMOKING ORDINANCE IN BARANGAY

MINUYAN IV, SAN JOSE DEL MONTE : AN ASSESSMENT

SOLIDUM, ALEXIA NICOLE S.

DEJITO, IRENE M.

BIGAY, JOHN PHILLIP, N.

GENERALO, RHAZEL A.

ANGLES CLYDE C.

GONZALES, MARK ANTHONY C.

2024

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 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter discussed the introduction, background of the study,

theoretical framework, conceptual framework, statement of the problem, scope

and delimitation, significance of the study.

Introduction

Tobacco smoking is a global public health concern, with detrimental effects on

individuals and communities. The tobacco epidemic is one of the biggest public

health threats the world has ever faced, killing over 8 million people a year around

the world. More than 7 million of those deaths are the result of direct tobacco use

while around 1.3 million are the result of non-smokers being exposed to second-

hand smoke. All forms of tobacco use are harmful, and there is no safe level of

exposure to tobacco. Cigarette smoking is the most common form of tobacco use

worldwide. Other tobacco products include waterpipe tobacco, cigars, cigarillos,

heated tobacco, roll-your-own tobacco, pipe tobacco, bidis and kreteks, and

smokeless tobacco products. Around 80% of the 1.3 billion tobacco users

worldwide live in low- and middle-income countries, where the burden of tobacco-

related illness and death is heaviest. Tobacco use contributes to poverty by

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 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

diverting household spending from basic needs such as food and shelter to

tobacco. This spending behaviour is difficult to curb because tobacco is so

addictive. (World Health Organization ,2023)

The UK's experience with implementing a ban on smoking in enclosed

public spaces and workplaces under the 2006 Health Act provides valuable

insights into the effectiveness of tobacco control regulations. The ban, which was

initially met with opposition but eventually widely adopted and complied with, has

led to significant improvements in public health outcomes, including reduced

respiratory illness and hospital admissions for heart attacks.( Action on Smoking

and Health. (2019).

A study conducted at Central Philippine University aimed to analyze the

effectiveness of Executive Order No. 26, a legislation prohibiting public smoking in

the Philippines. The study sought to explore the strengths and weaknesses of the

legislation from different perspectives, including those of health experts and

business industries. It highlighted the potential benefits of such a law for public

health and wellness, while also acknowledging the concerns of businesses

regarding potential economic impacts. (Central Philippine University Research

Team. (2023).

In 2003, the Philippines implemented legislation that prohibited the sale of

tobacco products to youth, placed text warning labels on tobacco products, and

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 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

prohibited tobacco smoking in public places. This study assessed if this legislation

was associated with reduced cigarette smoking among youth also known as RA

9211 The Tobacco Regulation Act of 2003 (RA 9211

In response to these concerns, many local governments have implemented

anti-smoking ordinances to protect the health and well-being of their citizens.

Barangay Minuyan IV, located in the City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan,

Philippines, is one such community that has enacted an anti-smoking ordinance.

Background of the Study

The implementation of anti-smoking ordinances has become a global public

health concern in recent years. These ordinances aim to address the health risks

associated with tobacco and e-cigarette use. One specific area where the

effectiveness of such ordinances is being assessed is Barangay Minuyan IV in San

Jose del Monte, Bulacan.

Barangay Minuyan IV is one of the barangays in the City of San Jose del

Monte, located in the province of Bulacan, Philippines. It is situated in the Sapang

Palay Resettlement Area, which is known for its large population of relocated

families from different squatter areas, particularly in Manila.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

The assessment of the implementation of the anti-smoking ordinance in

Barangay Minuyan IV aims to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the

legislation from various perspectives. This assessment involves gathering insights

from different stakeholders, including health experts, local government officials,

law enforcement personnel, and community members.

The study seeks to explore the potential benefits of the anti-smoking

ordinance for public health and wellness in Barangay Minuyan IV. It also aims to

understand the concerns and challenges faced by businesses in relation to the

implementation of the ordinance, particularly regarding potential economic

impacts.

The researchers aim to gain a comprehensive understanding of the

effectiveness of the anti-smoking ordinance in Barangay Minuyan IV. These

interviews will provide valuable insights into the experiences, perceptions, and

suggestions of the stakeholders, which can inform future improvements in the

implementation of the ordinance.

Understanding the effectiveness of tobacco control regulations, such as

anti-smoking ordinances, is crucial in addressing the global public health

challenges posed by tobacco and e-cigarette use. By assessing the

implementation of the anti-smoking ordinance in Barangay Minuyan IV, this study

contributes to the ongoing research and intervention efforts in tobacco control

policies.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

(Google Map)

Geographical Map of Brgy.Minuyan IV City of San Jose Del Monte Bulacan

Figure 1.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

Discourage the
general public
from breaking
the law.

Detterence
Theory
Discourage the
individual from
reoffending.

reduce crime by
implementing strategies
that address
environmental design and
community engagement.
Crime
Prevention
Theory
focuses on
understanding the
factors contributing to
criminal behavior to
deter potential
offenders effectively

People commit
crimes by
imitating the
behaviors of
other Imitation
Theory
People imitate one
another more when
they are in close
contact and influenced
by those who have
power
Fifure 1 Theoretical Paradigm of the study

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 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

-Create smoke-free
environments in public
spaces to minimize
secondhand smoke
exposure.

Implementation of - Evaluate the impact

the anti smoking on reducing tobacco
ordinance use and protecting
public health by
lessening secondhand
smoke.
Effectiveness of the
b
Anti Smoking
Ordinance - Deter smoking in
The prohibited areas and
implementation promote public health
of Anti-Smoking by reducing smoking
Ordinance in rates and related
Minuyan IV Penalties of the
diseases.
Ordinance

-Promote public health

and compliance with
Awareness of the smoking regulations
ordinance through awareness
Existence of campaigns about
Smoking Area tobacco's harmful
effects.

-Protect public health

by reducing tobacco
use and secondhand
smoke exposure
through smoke-free
laws in public areas.

Figure 2 Conceptual Paradigm of the study

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 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

Statement of the Problem

This research aims to determine "The Implementation of Anti-Smoking

Ordinance in Barangay Minuyan IV, City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan, An

Assessment”.

To make more specific, it seeks to answer the following:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents described in terms of:

1.1 Name (optional)

1.2 Sex

1.3 Age

1.4 Civil status

1.5 Status of residents

2. How may the implementation of the anti-smoking ordinance be assessed in

Barangay Minuyan IV, City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan, in terms of:

2.1 Implementation of the ordinance

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 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

2.2 Effectiveness of the ordinance

2.3 Penalties of the ordinance

2.4 Awareness of ordinance

2.5 Existence of Smoking Area

3. Is there any significant difference between the two groups of respondents in

above mentioned variable?

4. What are the challenges encountered by barangay officials/ implementor in the

implementation of Anti-Smoking Ordinance.?

5. What are recommendations can be proposed based on the study's findings to

enhanced the Anti-Smoking Ordinance Implementation.

Hypothesis

• There is no significant difference of 2 groups of respondents in assessing

implementation.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The scope of the assessment of the implementation of the anti-smoking

ordinance in Barangay Minuyan IV, San Jose del Monte, Bulacan. Focuses

specifically on evaluating the effectiveness of the ordinance within this barangay.

It is important to note that the assessment will focus specifically on Barangay

Minuyan IV and may not encompass the entire San Jose del Monte, Bulacan area

or other barangays within it. The assessment will provide insights into the

effectiveness of the anti-smoking ordinance within this specific context.

The delimitation of the assessment is that it will not cover the broader policy

framework at the national or regional level. It will primarily focus on evaluating the

implementation and impact of the anti-smoking ordinance within Barangay

Minuyan IV. The assessment will not delve into the legal or legislative aspects of

the ordinance but will instead concentrate on its practical implementation and

outcomes within the barangay.

By conducting this assessment, valuable insights can be gained regarding the

effectiveness of the anti-smoking ordinance in Barangay Minuyan IV, San Jose

del Monte, Bulacan, and potential areas for improvement can be identified to

enhance tobacco control measures in the community.

11
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

Significance of the Study

The Implementation of Anti-Smoking Ordinance assessed in Barangay Minuyan

IV, City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan The significance of studying the

implementation of anti-smoking ordinances in Barangay Minuyan IV, City of San

Jose Del Monte Bulacan lies in the potential positive impact it can have on the

health and wellbeing of the community. Some key reasons why this research is

important include:

Local Government of San Jose del Monte, Bulacan

This study is significant for the Local Government Unit (LGU) of Barangay

Minuyan IV in San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan as it provides insight into the

effectiveness of implementing anti-smoking ordinances within the community. It

allows the LGU to assess the level of awareness among residents and identify

areas for improvement in enforcing the law.

Barangay Officials

Implementing anti-smoking laws, such as the anti-smoking ordinance in Barangay

Minuyan IV, City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan, can have significant benefits.

These include reduced offenses, as clear regulations and penalties encourage

compliance with the ordinance, leading to improved adherence to anti-smoking

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 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

policies. Additionally, these laws contribute to improved public health by creating

smoke-free environments that protect individuals from the harmful effects of

secondhand smoke, resulting in better overall health outcomes.

Residents of Barangay Minuyan IV

Implementing anti-smoking ordinances can significantly improve the health of

individuals by reducing exposure to harmful secondhand smoker, which can lead

to various respiratory diseases and other health issues. By discouraging smoking

and promoting healthier habits, the community's overall health and well-being can

improve

Community

Living in a smoke-free environment has several benefits. It promotes healthier

hearts and lungs by reducing exposure to secondhand smoke, which can irritate

the respiratory system and worsen chronic heart and lung diseases. Smoke-free

housing also reduces the risk of fire-related injuries and death. Additionally,

smoke-free environments contribute to improved air quality, protecting individuals

from the harmful effects of fine particles and pollutants present in smoke. Overall,

living in a smoke-free environment supports better health outcomes and enhances

the well-being of individuals and communities.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

Future Researcher

For researchers, this study can serve as a basis for further research on the impact

of anti-smoking ordinances on public health and behavior change. It can also

contribute to the body of knowledge on tobacco control and prevention efforts in

the Philippines.

Definition of Terms

To better understand this research, the fallowing terms are defined

according to their use in the study.

Assessment - Important information about the efficacy of the Barangay Minuyan

IV on implementing anti-smoking ordinance, and perhaps to strengthen

community tobacco control initiatives.

Awareness - Knowledge or perception of the residents of Barangay Minuyan

IV regarding the Anti-Smoking Ordinances

Compliance - adherence to rules, regulations, and policies of residents of

barangay Minuyan IV.

Compliance - The assessment will evaluate the level of compliance with the anti-

smoking policy ordinance among persons, establishments, and public areas in

Barangay Minuyan IV. This will include examining the extent to which smoking

restrictions are observed and enforced.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

Conclusion - This research seeks to assess how the anti-smoking ordinance is

being implemented in barangay Minuyan IV. Considering strategies for

enforcement, compliance rates, as well as opinions from members of the

community, this study seeks to offer insightful information and suggestions to

enhance the effectiveness of anti-smoking campaigns.

Effectiveness - The capability of our research project of producing a desired

result or the ability to produce desired output regarding the implementation of

anti-smoking policy in barangay Minuyan IV.

Prevention - Through the implementation of anti-smoking ordinances, the

community can prevent residents of barangay Minuyan IV from developing

addictions compared to smoking which could result in long-term negative health

effects. By maintaining a smoke-free environment, it can lessen the risk of

addiction and related health issues.

Recommendations - Proposals and initiatives that can be implemented in order

to enhance the effectiveness of anti-smoking campaigns, resulting in enhanced

public health outcomes and reduction in the harmful effects of smoking cigarettes

among the residents of barangay Minuyan IV.

Tobacco -is a plant that can be dried and smoked in various forms, such as

cigarettes, pipes, or cigars. It is also used in smokeless tobacco products,

including dip, chew, snuff, spit, or chewing tobacco. Smokeless tobacco can be

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 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

placed between the cheek and gums or teeth, chewed, sucked on, or even sniffed

into the nose. It comes in different forms, such as loose leaves, plugs, twists, or

finely ground powder.

Understanding - perception or knowledge of the residents of Barangay Minuyan

IV regarding anti-smoking ordinances.

Valuable insights - Residents of barangay Minuyan IV will share useful insights

on their experiences, perceptions, and suggestions for increasing the

effectiveness of the anti-smoking ordinance.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter includes the literature and studies that the researcher found

relevant to the research.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

LOCAL

Implementation of the Anti-Smoking Ordinance: Understanding the Anti-

Smoking Ordinance in the Philippines: A Comprehensive Guide. This guide

discusses the legislation aimed at prohibiting smoking in public places and

promoting a smoke-free environment. Smoking is a widespread habit with

numerous health risks. Governments around the world have implemented various

measures to curb smoking and protect public health. In the Philippines, one such

measure is the Anti-Smoking Ordinance. This comprehensive guide aims to

explain the key aspects of the Anti-Smoking Ordinance in the Philippines, providing

individuals with a clear understanding of their rights and obligations. (Rey

Abogado,2024)

Effectiveness of the Anti-Smoking Ordinance: Addressing the tobacco

epidemic in the Philippines: progress since ratification of the WHO FCTC. This

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 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

article evaluates the impact of tobacco control measures on public health and

smoking rates in the Philippines. Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable

death, and is estimated to kill more than 5 million persons each year worldwide.

Tobacco use and exposure to second-hand smoke pose a major public health

problem in the Philippines. Effective tobacco control policies are enshrined in the

World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control

(FCTC), a legally binding international treaty that was ratified by the Philippines in

2005. Since 2007, Bloomberg Philanthropies has supported the accelerated

reduction of tobacco use in many countries, including the Philippines. Progress in

the Philippines is discussed with particular emphasis on the period since

ratification of the WHO FCTC, and with particular focus on the grants programme

funded by the Bloomberg Initiative. Despite considerable progress, significant

challenges are identified that must be addressed in future if the social, health and

economic burden from the tobacco epidemic is to be alleviated.(B Bellew et

al,2019)

Penalties of the Ordinance: In recent years, smoking regulations have become

more stringent in the Philippines, largely due to growing concerns about public

health and safety. These regulations are primarily enforced under the Tobacco

Regulation Act of 2003 (Republic Act No. 9211) and various local ordinances. This

article aims to dissect the legal intricacies surrounding the penalties and

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 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
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implications for individuals caught smoking in prohibited areas. Understanding the

legal repercussions for smoking in non-smoking areas is essential, both for

smokers and non-smokers. It serves as a deterrent against non-compliance and

encourages a healthier, safer environment for everyone. Knowing your rights and

responsibilities in this context is not only beneficial but also fosters a sense of legal

awareness among the public.(Respicio & Co Law Firm ,2023)

Awareness of the Anti-Smoking Ordinance: Awareness and compliance with

the smoke-free law among the youth in the Philippines. This study assesses the

level of awareness regarding the anti-smoking ordinance among young people and

its implications for public health. The social acceptability of smoking decreased

because of the evidence of its harmful effects not only to the smoker and to the by-

stander but also to the environment. Many countries made antismoking laws to

support this advocacy. The effectiveness of implementation of these policies are

dependent on the awareness of the provisions of the anti-smoking law and how it

affects the behavior of the people to quit smoking.(Sabaluan et al ,2022)

Existence of Smoking Areas: The tobacco control laws in the Philippines,

including the regulations regarding smoking areas and the enforcement of these

laws by local government units.Smoking is prohibited in enumerated indoor public

places and workplaces such as government facilities, healthcare and educational

institutions, and facilities frequented by minors, while designated smoking areas

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 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

are allowed in other public places and workplaces, including bars and nightclubs.

Smoking is prohibited in public land transport, aircraft, and public transport

terminals. Public watercraft may have designated smoking

areas. (Tobacolcontrollaworg, 2022)

FOREIGN

Implementation of Anti-Smoking Ordinance

The successful implementation of anti-smoking ordinances is crucial for reducing

tobacco use and protecting public health. A study by Al Junaibi et al. (2021)

highlights the importance of local government engagement and community

involvement in implementing these ordinances effectively. They found that cities

with comprehensive strategies involving public health education and stakeholder

participation witnessed higher compliance rates with smoking bans (Al Junaibi, I.

et al., 2021. )

Effectiveness of Anti-Smoking Ordinance

Research indicates that anti-smoking ordinances significantly reduce smoking

prevalence and secondhand smoke exposure. A systematic review by Kinnunen

et al. (2020) assessed various global studies and concluded that stringent

smoking bans correlate with decreased smoking rates and improved public health

outcomes (Kinnunen, J. et al., 2020. )

Penalties of Anti-Smoking Ordinance

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 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
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Penalties for violating anti-smoking ordinances serve as a deterrent and are

essential for compliance. A study by Li et al. (2023) examined the impact of fines

and community service on smoking behaviors in urban areas. The results

indicated that higher penalties were associated with lower rates of smoking in

public spaces, suggesting that strict enforcement mechanisms are necessary for

the success of anti-smoking initiatives (Li, X. et al., 2023.)

Awareness of Anti-Smoking Ordinance

Awareness campaigns play a pivotal role in the effectiveness of anti-smoking

ordinances. A survey conducted by Reddy et al. (2022) found that increased

awareness of local smoking bans led to higher compliance rates among the

population. The study emphasized the need for continuous public education to

inform citizens about the health risks of smoking and the regulations in place

(Reddy, S. et al., 2022).

Existence of Smoking Area

The existence of designated smoking areas can influence the effectiveness of

anti-smoking ordinances. A study by McKenzie et al. (2024) explored how well-

defined smoking zones can reduce the incidence of smoking in public places

while accommodating smokers. The research suggested that cities that provide

clear guidelines and maintain smoking areas experience fewer conflicts between

smokers and non-smokers, contributing to overall public health improvements

(McKenzie, R. et al., 2024.).

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 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

REVIEW OF RELATED STUDY

LOCAL

Implementation of Anti-Smoking Ordinance

The implementation of anti-smoking ordinances in the Philippines has been a

significant public health initiative aimed at reducing tobacco use and protecting

citizens from secondhand smoke. Following the enactment of Executive Order

No. 26 in 2017, which established smoke-free environments in public places,

local governments have been tasked with enforcing these regulations. A study

conducted by Reyes et al. (2021) revealed that while many cities have adopted

the ordinance, challenges remain in consistent enforcement due to varying levels

of local government commitment and public compliance (Reyes, M. et al., 2021.)

Effectiveness of Anti-Smoking Ordinance

The effectiveness of the anti-smoking ordinance has been evaluated through

various studies, indicating a positive impact on public health. Research published

by Villanueva and Cruz (2022) showed a significant decrease in smoking rates in

areas where the ordinance was strictly enforced. The study highlighted that cities

with comprehensive public health campaigns accompanying the ordinance saw

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 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

a 15% reduction in smoking prevalence among adults within two years of

implementation (Villanueva, R. & Cruz, J., 2022.)

Penalties of Anti-Smoking Ordinance

Penalties for violating anti-smoking ordinances are essential for ensuring

compliance. The Philippine Tobacco Regulation Act outlines specific fines and

penalties for offenders, which can include monetary fines and community service.

A recent analysis by Santos et al. (2023) found that municipalities that imposed

stricter penalties reported higher compliance rates. For instance, the study noted

that areas with fines ranging from PHP 1,000 to PHP 5,000 for first-time offenders

experienced a notable decrease in smoking violations in public spaces (Santos,

A. et al., 2023.)

Awareness of Anti-Smoking Ordinance

Public awareness of the anti-smoking ordinance is critical for its success. A

survey conducted by Mendoza et al. (2023) indicated that awareness campaigns

significantly influenced public knowledge about the smoking ban. The findings

revealed that 70% of respondents were aware of the ordinance, and those who

had seen anti-smoking advertisements were more likely to support the

regulations (Mendoza, L. et al., 2023.)

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 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

Existence of Smoking Area

The establishment of designated smoking areas (DSAs) has been a contentious

aspect of the anti-smoking ordinance. While these areas are intended to

accommodate smokers without infringing on the rights of non-smokers, studies

have shown mixed results regarding their effectiveness. A 2024 study by Delos

Reyes and Lagrada found that cities with well-regulated DSAs reported fewer

conflicts between smokers and non-smokers, suggesting that clear guidelines

and proper management of these areas can contribute to a more harmonious

public environment (Delos Reyes, J. & Lagrada, J., 2024. )

FOREIGN

Implementation of Anti-Smoking Ordinance

The implementation of anti-smoking ordinances has been a global public health

priority. A study conducted by D'Angelo et al. (2021) in the United States

highlighted that comprehensive smoke-free laws have been adopted in many

states, significantly reducing exposure to secondhand smoke. The research

emphasized that successful implementation requires not only legislative action

but also community engagement and support from local health organizations

to ensure compliance and address challenges in enforcement (D'Angelo, H. et

al., 2021.).

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 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

Effectiveness of Anti-Smoking Ordinance

Research published by Arora et al. (2023) evaluated the effectiveness of

smoke-free laws across various countries, demonstrating a consistent decline

in smoking rates and improved public health outcomes. The study found that

regions with strict enforcement of anti-smoking ordinances experienced a 20%

reduction in smoking prevalence over five years, indicating that effective

legislation, combined with public health campaigns, plays a crucial role in

reducing tobacco use (Arora, M. et al., 2023.)

Penalties of Anti-Smoking Ordinance

Penalties for violating anti-smoking ordinances are critical for ensuring

compliance. A comparative analysis conducted by Kahn et al. (2022) across

several countries revealed that jurisdictions with higher fines for smoking in

prohibited areas reported better compliance rates. For example, areas

imposing fines of $100 or more for first-time offenders saw a significant

decrease in smoking violations, reinforcing the importance of strict penalties in

promoting adherence to smoke-free laws (Kahn, A. et al., 2022.)

Awareness of Anti-Smoking Ordinance

Public awareness of anti-smoking ordinances is essential for their success. A

study from Canada by McDonald et al. (2021) found that awareness campaigns

significantly increased public knowledge about smoking bans. The research

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 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

indicated that communities with active anti-tobacco advertising saw a 30%

increase in awareness of local smoking regulations, which correlated with

higher support for the ordinances among residents (McDonald, P. et al., 2021)

Existence of Smoking Area

The existence of designated smoking areas (DSAs) has been a topic of debate

in the context of anti-smoking ordinances. A 2024 study by Baker and Lee

examined the impact of DSAs on public health outcomes in Australia. The

findings suggested that well-regulated DSAs can reduce conflicts between

smokers and non-smokers, leading to a more harmonious public environment.

However, the study also noted that poorly managed DSAs could undermine the

effectiveness of smoke-free laws, emphasizing the need for clear guidelines

and enforcement (Baker, A. & Lee, H., 2024. )

Synthesis of Review Studies

The Anti-Smoking Ordinance in the Philippines is a vital legislative effort aimed

at creating a smoke-free environment and mitigating the health risks associated

with tobacco use. Understanding the ordinance's provisions is essential for

citizens to effectively navigate their rights and responsibilities.

26
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

Research indicates that the ordinance has been effective, particularly since the

ratification of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC)in

2005, although challenges persist in fully addressing tobacco-related issues.

Enforcement of penalties, as outlined in the Tobacco Regulation Act of 2003, is

crucial for ensuring compliance and deterring violations.

Public awareness, especially among youth, significantly influences the

ordinance's success. Increased knowledge about smoking bans correlates with

higher compliance rates, highlighting the need for ongoing education about the

health risks of smoking.

The management of designated smoking areas (DSAs) is also important. While

smoking is prohibited in many indoor public spaces, DSAs are permitted in

specific venues, and effective regulation of these areas can help balance the

needs of smokers and non-smokers.

In summary, the successful implementation of the Anti-Smoking Ordinance relies

on local government engagement, effective penalties, public awareness, and the

management of smoking areas. These components work together to foster a

healthier environment and reduce tobacco use prevalence.

27
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

This Research aims to assess the Implementations of Anti-Smoking

Ordinance in Barangay Minuyan IV San Jose Del Monte Bulacan in terms of

Effectiveness, Awareness, Existence of Smoking Area, Implementation and the

challenges encountered by barangay officials/implementor in the implementation

Of Anti-Smoking Ordinance.

Research Design

The methods that the researchers use is printed Questionnaires. The study

utilizes a Descriptive research design, as defined by Manjunatha (2019).

Descriptive research is a method that describes the characteristics of a population

or phenomenon being studied. In this case, the Implementations of Anti-Smoking

Ordinance in Barangay Minuyan IV, City San Jose Del Monte Bulacan in terms of

Effectiveness, Awareness, Existence of Smoking Area, Implementation and the

challenges encountered by barangay officials/implementor in the implementation

of Anti-Smoking Ordinance. The research design includes the use of

questionnaires to assess the Implementation of Anti-Smoking Ordinance, and

assessment. The researchers distributed and collected printed questionnaires

from the respondents to gather data for the study.

28
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

Respondents of the Study

The participants of the study are the residents and Barangay officials

in Barangay Minuyan IV, City San Jose Del Monte Bulacan. The population of

Minuyan IV, as determined by the 2020 Census, was 4,769, representing 7.08%

of the total population of San Jose del Monte, a sample size of 100. 80 for

Residents and 20 for Barangay officials. Both Participants are answering the

same printed questionnaire.

Sampling Technique

Random sampling is a sampling technique in which each sample has an equal

probability of being chosen. Random sampling is used to select a representative

sample of respondents from a larger population 135. Random sampling minimizes

bias and allows for reliable inferences about the population based on the sample

data.

Research Instrument

To gather pertinent data the researcher made use of:

Questionnaire. The researcher constructed the questionnaire following the

standards and criteria set. The questionnaires are carefully worded set of

questions that are designed to elicit perceptions which may be a basis for

29
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

conclusion and recommendation. It is composed of two parts. Part 1, deals with

the profile of the respondents and part 2 is composed of the perception and issues

raise by the researcher.

Validation of the Research Instrument

To achieve the content validity and reliability of this research, all items

shown from the questionnaire are constructed based on the research problem or

SOP. All the survey questionnaires that the researchers gave to the respondents.

The questions were formulated in simple language for clarity and ease of

understanding. Clear instructions were given for the respondents to easily

understand and answer the following questions.

The researchers requested the aid and support of the Barangay chairman

and officials to verify the suitability and consistency of the research examination

queries. The aforementioned tool was shown to several specialists who possess

the necessary knowledge for conducting the study.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers will conduct an in-person survey in Barangay Minuyan IV, San

Jose Del Monte City, Bulacan, utilizing questionnaires. To initiate the process, the

30
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

researchers visited the barangay hall to present a formal letter requesting

permission to carry out the research and validate the survey.

Following this, barangay residents and officials who express their willingness to

participate in the study will receive a request letter seeking their consent to be

included in the research. The respondents will be informed about the purpose of

the study and reassured that the information they provide will be used solely in an

anonymous manner. To ensure that the participants fully understand the study, the

researchers will communicate essential information in a clear and accessible way.

Statistical Treatment of Data

Statistical Data Analysis and Procedure. The data gathered will be

subjected to descriptive and inferential analysis. Frequency and Percentage

Distribution. This will be used to determine the number of respondents

in every sections. Mean. This test will be used to ascertain the level of

effectiveness of Implementation of Anti-Smoking Ordinance in Barangay Minuyan

IV San Jose Del Monte Bulacan.

1. Frequency and Percentage Distribution

Percentage was used to find the ratio of the frequency of the responses to the

total number of respondents by applying this formula.

31
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

a. Frequency. The frequency will be used for the actual response to a

specific item or question in the questionnaire where the respondents will tick

his/her choices

b. Percentage. This statistical tool will be used in identifying the most

commonly encountered post-disposition challenge.

Formula:

𝑭
𝚸= 𝝌𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝚺

Where:

P = Percentage

F = Frequency

∑ = total number of responses

2. Ranking will be used to supplement the percentage of these data

required rank order.

3. Weighted Mean this will be used to describe and summarize the

respondent's rating on the Likert Scale items. In particular, this will be used to

measure the respondents' responses to survey questions Part 1 and Part 2.

Formula:

32
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

𝚺𝒇𝒙
𝑾𝒙 =
𝑵

Where:

Wx = The weighted mean

f = Sum of the frequency

w = Weighted Scale - variable of measurements distributed based on

their responses

N = Number of respondents

𝚺𝒇𝒙= Sum of the product of the frequency

The researchers also used the Four (4) point Likert Scale to determine the

differences of this study.

IMPLEMENTATION OF ANTI-SMOKING ORDINANCE IN BARANGAY

MINUYAN IVSAN JOSE DEL MONTE BULACAN.

Numerical Scale Verbal Interpretation

1 Strongly Agree (SA)

2 Agree (A)

3 Disagree (DA)

33
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

4 Strongly Disagree (SDA)

DIFFUICULTIES WITH ANTI-SMOKING ORDINANCE

IMPLEMENTATION IN BARANGAY MINUYAN IV.

Numerical Scale Verbal Interpretation

1 Highly Serious (HS)

2 Serious (S)

3 Less Serious (LS)

4 Not Serious (NS)

PROPOSED SOLUTION TO ENHANCED THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ANTI-

SMOKING ORDINANCE IN BARANGAY MINUYAN IV.

Numerical Scale Verbal Interpretation

1 Highly Recommended (HR)

2 Recommended (R)

3 Slightly Recommended (SR)

34
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

4 Not Recommended (NR)

The researcher used a T-table to compare the outcomes of the significant

difference between two groups of respondents when evaluating implementation.

The T-table formula for two collected data sets is commonly used to examine the

relationship between two variables, and it is frequently used in conjunction with

hypothesis testing or confidence intervals.

t table formula in comparing two variable

When comparing two variables, a t-table (or t-distribution table) is used to find the

critical value of t for a given confidence level and degrees of freedom. This helps

you determine if there is a significant difference between the means of two

groups. Here’s the formula for the t-statistic:

35
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

Where :

• Xˉ1 and Xˉ2are the sample means of the two groups,

• s12s_1^2 and s22s_2^2 are the sample variances of the two groups,

• n1and n2 are the sample sizes of the two groups.

The degrees of freedom (df) for the two-sample t-test can be approximated

using:

Once you have the t-statistic and degrees of freedom, you can use the t-table to

find the critical value and determine if your t-statistic falls in the rejection region of

the null hypothesis. If it does, you can conclude there is a statistically significant

difference between the two variables.

36
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

CHAPTER 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND FINDINGS

Table 1.1

Frequency and Percentage of the Respondents’ Demographic Profile

in terms of Sex

Sex Frequency Percentage

Female 48 48.00

Male 52 52.00

Table 1.1 shows that there were 48 or 48% Female and there were 52 or roughly

52% Male out of the Barangay Minuyan IV respondents. This indicated that more

than half of the respondents were Male. The ratio of males to females is 1.08,

meaning that males outnumber the females by a small margin.

Table 1.2

Frequency and Percentage of the Respondents’ Demographic Profile

in terms of Age

37
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

Age Frequency Percentage

18 - 30 18 18.00

31 - 50 36 36.00

51 - 80 46 46.00

Table 1.2 Illustrates the demographic profile of respondents in terms of age

reveals significant insights into the distribution of the sample population. The data

collected indicates the following frequency and percentage breakdown:

Age Group 51 - 80: This group includes 46 respondents, making up 46.00% of

the total sample. The high percentage in this age category suggests that older

adults are well-represented, potentially influencing the findings with their unique

insights and experiences. Age Group 31 - 50: The largest segment of

respondents falls within this age range, with 36 individuals, representing

36.00% of the total. This indicates that a significant portion of the respondents

are in their middle adulthood, which may reflect their perspectives and

experiences relevant to the survey topic. Age Group 18 - 30: This group

comprises 18 respondents, accounting for 18.00% of the total sample. This

suggests a relatively smaller representation of younger individuals in the survey.

38
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

Table 1.3

Frequency and Percentage of the Respondents’ Demographic Profile

in terms of Civil Status

Student Category Frequency Percentage

Married 56 56.00

Single 27 27.00

Widow 17 17.00

Table 1.3 Illustrates based on the data presented, here is a detailed analysis

of the respondents' civil status distribution. The data shows that 56 respondents

are married, representing the majority at 56.00% of the total sample. This

indicates that more than half of the respondents are in marital relationships. There

are 27 single respondents, comprising 27.00% of the total sample. This

represents the second-largest group in the civil status category. The smallest

group consists of 17 widowed respondents, making up 17.00% of the total

sample population.

39
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

Table 1.4

Frequency and Percentage of the Respondents’ Demographic Profile

in terms of Role in the Barangay

Role/Category Frequency Percentage

Barangay Official 20 70.00

Resident 80 30.00

The demographic profile of respondents reveals that Residents make up a

significant majority, with 80 individuals representing 70% of the sample,

while Barangay Officials account for only 20 respondents, or 30%. This

indicates a strong representation of residents' perspectives in the study,

highlighting their voices in community matters. However, the lower participation

of barangay officials suggests a need for enhanced engagement from this group

in future research. The predominance of residents emphasizes the importance of

their opinions in discussions and policymaking, indicating an opportunity for

better collaboration between residents and officials to achieve balanced

representation in community initiatives.

Table 2.1

40
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

Anti-smoking Ordinance Implementation at Barangay Minuyan IV

In terms of Implementation of the Ordinance

Statement WM V.I

1. The effectiveness of the implementation of the anti-

smoking ordinance in Barangay Minuyan 4 has been 2.61 A

significant so far.

2. The anti-smoking ordinance in Minuyan 4 has made

notable progress in promoting public health and 2.48 D

decreasing tobacco use.

3. The ordinance against smoking in Minuyan 4

significantly influenced individuals to quit smoking or

2.85 A
reduce their smoking habits, reflecting a strong correlation

between public policy and personal health choices.

4. The anti-smoking ordinance in Minuyan 4 is enforced in

3.16 A
public places.

5. The anti-smoking ordinance in Minuyan 4 is enforced in

public places such as parks, restaurants, and public 2.91 A

transportation.

41
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

GRAND WEIGHTED MEAN 2.80 A

Table 2.1 The implementation of the anti-smoking ordinance in Barangay Minuyan

IV has been evaluated to determine its effectiveness in promoting public health

and reducing tobacco use. This assessment is vital for understanding how well the

ordinance is being enforced and its impact on community behavior.

The Grand Weighted Mean (WM) for the implementation of the ordinance

is 2.80, categorized as Agree (A). This score indicates a generally positive

perception among residents regarding the effectiveness of the ordinance in

achieving its goals.

The highest mean score in this section is 3.16, reflecting strong agreement that

the anti-smoking ordinance is enforced in public places. This suggests that

residents feel confident in the enforcement mechanisms in place, which is crucial

for the ordinance's success.

Conversely, the lowest mean score is 2.48, indicating disagreement with the

statement that the ordinance has made notable progress in promoting public health

and decreasing tobacco use. This suggests that while enforcement may be strong,

42
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

there may be concerns about the overall impact of the ordinance on public health

outcomes.

In summary, while the implementation of the anti-smoking ordinance in Barangay

Minuyan IV is perceived positively, with effective enforcement noted, there are

still concerns regarding its overall effectiveness in promoting public health and

reducing tobacco use. This highlights the need for ongoing evaluation and

potential adjustments to the ordinance to ensure it meets its intended goals and

effectively supports community health initiatives

Table 2.2

Anti-smoking Ordinance Implementation at Barangay Minuyan IV

In terms of Effectiveness of the Ordinance

Statement WM V.I

1. There is a solid understanding of the provisions and

2.86 A
details of the anti-smoking ordinance.

2.The anti-smoking ordinance and its penalties were

2.34 D
communicated to respondents in Minuyan 4.

43
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

3. There is awareness of the possible consequences and

fines related to smoking violations specified in the anti- 3.00 A

smoking ordinance.

4. Know by belief that those responding to Minuyan 4 are

particularly concerned with punishment for smoking in

2.76 A
public places, including public vehicles and similar

locations.

5. Familiarize the respondents in Minuyan 4, particularly

regarding the amount of fine associated with violations of 2.38 D

the ordinance against smoking.

GRAND WEIGHTED MEAN 2.67 A

Table 2.2 The Grand Weighted Mean (WM) for the effectiveness of the

ordinance is 2.67, categorized as Agree (A). This score indicates a generally

positive perception among residents regarding the effectiveness of the anti-

smoking ordinance in promoting awareness and compliance.

The highest mean score in this section is 3.00, reflecting strong agreement with

the statement that there is awareness of the possible consequences and fines

related to smoking violations specified in the ordinance. This suggests that many

44
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

residents understand the implications of violating the anti-smoking regulations,

which is essential for compliance.

In contrast, the lowest mean score is 2.34, indicating disagreement with the

statement that the anti-smoking ordinance and its penalties were effectively

communicated to the community. This low score highlights a significant gap in

communication, suggesting that while some residents are aware of the penalties,

many may not have received adequate information about the ordinance itself.

Overall, while there is a moderate level of understanding regarding the provisions

of the anti-smoking ordinance in Barangay Minuyan IV, the effectiveness of

communication about the ordinance and its penalties appears to be lacking. This

indicates a need for improved outreach and educational initiatives to ensure that

all community members are fully informed about the ordinance, its provisions,

and the importance of compliance for public health.

Table 2.3

Anti-smoking Ordinance Implementation at Barangay Minuyan IV

In terms of Penalties of the Ordinance

Statement WM V.I

45
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

1.Individuals are knowledgeable about the penalties

associated with violations of the ordinance against

2.26 D
smoking. The ordinance and its penalties have been

effectively communicated to the community.

2. Individuals are believed to be well-informed about the

specific penalties for smoking in public places, including

public vehicles and other designated areas. This 2.44 D

awareness extends to all locations covered by the

ordinance.

3. Familiarize the respondents in Minuyan 4 with the

specific amounts of fines associated with violations 2.55 A

outlined in the smoking ordinance.

4. The level of satisfaction with the implementation of

penalties outlined in the ordinance regarding interactions

2.94 A
with those responding to Minuyan 4 is currently being

assessed.

5. It is believed that awareness of the ordinance against

2.66 A
smoking significantly influences people's behavior

46
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

regarding smoking, leading to a greater likelihood of

compliance with the regulations.

GRAND WEIGHTED MEAN 2.57 A

2.3 The Grand Weighted Mean (WM) for the awareness of penalties related to

the ordinance is 2.57, categorized as Agree (A). This score indicates that there is

a moderate level of awareness among residents about the penalties for violating

the anti-smoking regulations.

The highest mean score in this section is 2.94, reflecting strong agreement

regarding satisfaction with the implementation of penalties and interactions with

enforcement personnel. This suggests that while residents may have concerns

about penalties, they feel positively about how these penalties are communicated

and enforced.

Conversely, the lowest mean score is 2.26, indicating disagreement with the

statement that individuals are knowledgeable about the penalties associated with

violations of the ordinance. This low score highlights a significant gap in

awareness, suggesting that many residents may not fully understand the

consequences of violating the anti-smoking regulations.

47
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

Table 2.4

Anti-smoking Ordinance Implementation at Barangay Minuyan IV

In terms of Awareness of the Ordinance

Statement WM V.I

1. Awareness of It is believed that awareness of the

ordinance against smoking significantly influences

2.96 A
people's behavior regarding smoking, leading to a greater

likelihood of compliance with the regulations.

2. It is believed that awareness of the ordinance against

smoking significantly influences people's behavior

2.54 A
regarding smoking, leading to a greater likelihood of

compliance with the regulations.

3. It is believed that awareness of the ordinance against

smoking significantly influences people's behavior

2.63 A
regarding smoking, leading to a greater likelihood of

compliance with the regulations.

48
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

4. People from Minuyan 4 actively participate in

community initiatives and programs aimed at promoting

anti-smoking ordinances and creating a smoke-free

2.69 A
environment. Their involvement is crucial in raising

awareness about the dangers of smoking and fostering a

culture of health and safety within their community.

5. Individuals in Minuyan 4 are aware of the rights and

responsibilities of citizens concerning the anti-smoking

ordinance. This awareness is vital for ensuring adherence 2.61 A

to the regulations and promoting a community that values

public health and safety.

GRAND WEIGHTED MEAN 2.69 A

2.4 The Grand Weighted Mean (WM) for the awareness of the ordinance is 2.69,

categorized as Agree (A). This score reflects a moderate to high level of

awareness among the community members regarding the anti-smoking ordinance

and its implications for public health.

The highest mean score recorded was 2.96, indicating strong agreement with the

statement that awareness of the ordinance significantly influences behavior

49
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

towards smoking compliance. This suggests that a segment of the community

recognizes the importance of the ordinance in promoting a smoke-free

environment.

Conversely, the lowest mean score was 2.54, which still falls within the "Agree"

category. This score indicates that while there is awareness, there may be some

variability in how strongly individuals feel about the influence of the ordinance on

their behavior.

Overall, the data suggests that while awareness is present and generally positive,

there is room for improvement in enhancing understanding and compliance with

the anti-smoking regulations within the community.

Table 2.5.

Anti-smoking Ordinance Implementation at Barangay Minuyan IV

In terms of Existence of Smoking Area

Statement WM V.I

1.Individuals in Minuyan 4 are aware of the rights and

responsibilities of citizens concerning the anti-smoking 2.43 D

ordinance. This awareness is vital for ensuring adherence

50
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

to the regulations and promoting a community that values

public health and safety.

2. The individuals inMinuyan 4 are familiar with the rules

and regulations regarding the establishment and

2.62 A
maintenance of designated smoking areas as outlined in

the anti-smoking ordinance.

3. The individuals in Minuyan 4 are familiar with the rules

and regulations concerning the establishment and

2.57 A
maintenance of designated smoking areas as outlined in

the anti-smoking ordinance.

4. The individuals in Minuyan 4 understand the purpose

and function of designated smoking areas in providing a

2.39 D
controlled environment for smokers while protecting non-

smokers from secondhand smoke.

5. The level of familiarity among respondents in Minuyan

4 with the signage and markings indicating the presence

2.16 D
of designated smoking areas, as mandated by the anti-

smoking ordinance, is being assessed.

51
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

GRAND WEIGHTED MEAN 2.43 D

2.5 The Grand Weighted Mean (WM) for the existence of smoking areas is 2.43,

which falls under the category of Disagree (D). This score indicates a general

lack of awareness and familiarity among residents regarding the rules and

regulations associated with designated smoking areas as outlined in the anti-

smoking ordinance.

The highest mean score in this section is 2.62, reflecting agreement with the

statement that individuals in Minuyan IV are familiar with the rules and

regulations regarding the establishment and maintenance of designated smoking

areas. This suggests that while some residents have a basic understanding, it is

not universally strong.

On the other hand, the lowest mean score is 2.16, indicating disagreement with

the statement about the level of familiarity with signage and markings for

designated smoking areas. This low score highlights a significant gap in

awareness, which could hinder compliance and the overall effectiveness of the

ordinance.

In summary, while there is some recognition of the existence of designated

smoking areas, the overall awareness and understanding among the community

52
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

members in Barangay Minuyan IV are lacking. This suggests a need for

enhanced educational efforts to inform residents about their rights and

responsibilities under the anti-smoking ordinance, as well as the importance of

designated smoking areas in protecting public health.

Table 3

t-Test results on the Comparison between Residents and Barangay

Officials

COMPUTED CRITICAL
DIMENSION Interpretation
t-VALUE t @ 0.05

1) IMPLEMENTATION OF
5.64 2.45 SIGNIFICANT
THE ORDINANCE

2) EFFECTIVENESS OF THE
2.99 2.45 SIGNIFICANT
ORDINANCE

3) PENALTIES OF THE NOT

1.27 2.78
ORDINANCE SIGNIFICANT

53
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

4) AWARENESS OF
5.84 2.31 SIGNIFICANT
ORDINANCE

5) EXISTENCE OF SMOKING
3.31 2.36 SIGNIFICANT
AREA

Table 3 shows the comparison of the means of the Residents and

Barangay Officials respondents in terms of the five dimensions abovementioned.

The computed t-statistic for Implementation of the Ordinance is 5.64 which is

greater than the t-critical value of 2.45 with an interpretation of significant leading

to decision to reject the null hypothesis. Effective of the Ordinance, on the other

hand, got a t-statistic of 2.99 greater than the t-critical value of 2.45 with an

interpretation of significant leading to the decision to reject the null hypothesis.

Penalties of the Ordinance garnered a computed t-statistic of 1.27 that is less

than the t-critical value of 2.78 with an interpretation of not significant leading to

the decision to accept the null hypothesis. Awareness of Ordinance got a

computed t-value at 5.84 that is greater than the t-critical value of 2.31 which

shows that the result is statistically significant and led us to reject the null

hypothesis. And lastly, Existence of Smoking Area with a computed t-statistic of

3.31 greater than 2.36 and led the researchers to reject the null hypothesis.

54
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

During the treatment of the data, it was noted that the standard deviation

in the response were all less than 1, signifying the consistency of the responses

in all of the researchers’ statements. Consistency refers to the uniformity of

respondents’ answers towards each of the statement. As noted, all of the verbal

interpretations of the statements got Agree in the mean range of 2.49 – 3.24.

This, in turn, impacted the significance of their answers.

The first dimension was significant because almost all of the answers led

to a very consistent answer of Agree by both the Residents and Barangay

Officials. This means that the overall implementation of the ordinance has

garnered significant positive attention with the respondents.

The second dimension was significant due to the majority of the response

being Agree by both the Residents and Barangay Officials. This means that the

Anti-Smoking Ordinance has been effective throughout its implementation.

The third dimension was not significant due to the majority having mixed

Agree and Disagree by both Residents and Barangay Officials. This pertains to

the lack of proper awareness and familiarity of both residents and barangay

officials with regards to the implementation of the Anti-Smoking Ordinance

penalties.

The fourth dimension was significant due to the fact that the majority of the

responses being Agree by both Residents and Barangay Officials. This tells the

55
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

researchers that people from Minuyan IV are aware and actively participates in

the Anti-Smoking Ordinance.

And lastly, the fifth dimension was significant due to the fact that the

majority of the responses being Agree by both Residents and Barangay Officials.

This tells us that the people from Minuyan IV are knowledgeable of the existence

of a smoking area.

Overall, the results of the t-test show a significant connection due to the

consistency of the mean answers of the respondents. Therefore, the Anti-

Smoking Ordinance Implementation has been significantly assessed to be

generally effective with its implementation despite not being strongly agreeable

to all of the respondents.

Table 4

DIFFICULTIES WITH ANTI-SMOKING ORDINANCE IMPLEMENTATION IN

BARANGAY MINUYAN IV

Statement WM V.I Rank

56
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City College of San Jose del Monte
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el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

1. Many residents might not be fully informed

about the health risks of smoking or the details of 3.37 HS 2

the ordinance.

2. In certain communities, smoking may be deeply

2.76 S 10
rooted in cultural practices or socially accepted

3. Without effective enforcement, the ordinance

may not be regarded seriously. This includes a

3.24 S 3
shortage of trained personnel to monitor

adherence and impose penalties for violations.

4.Successful anti-smoking initiatives need funding

and resources. A shortage of financial support can

3.11 HS 8.5
hinder efforts to carry out outreach and

educational programs to inform the community.

5. Local establishments that depend on tobacco

sales may oppose the ordinance out of concern for

3.18 S 5.5
potential revenue loss. This opposition can

complicate efforts to gain support for the initiative.

6. Despite existing regulations, minors may still

3.46 HS 1
manage to obtain tobacco products. Tackling this

57
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

issue necessitates strong age verification

processes and active community vigilance.

7.The effectiveness of the ordinance relies on the

dedication of local leaders. A deficiency in political

3.18 S 5.5
will can lead to insufficient support and resources

for its implementation.

8.Public Misunderstanding of the Ordinance:

Misunderstandings of the ordinance can create

confusion among residents regarding what is 3.21 S 4

permissible and what is not, leading to

unintentional violations.

9. If the ordinance leads to a substantial decrease

in tobacco consumption, it could negatively impact

3.16 S 7
local farmers who rely on tobacco cultivation for

their income.

10. Implementing the ordinance without a system

for ongoing evaluation can lead to stagnation. 3.11 S 8.5

Regular assessments are necessary to adapt

58
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

strategies and improve the effectiveness of the

anti-smoking measures.

GRAND WEIGHTED MEAN 3.18 S

Table 4 The implementation of the anti-smoking ordinance in Barangay Minuyan

IV faces several challenges that hinder its effectiveness. Understanding these

difficulties is crucial for developing strategies to enhance compliance and promote

public health.

The Grand Weighted Mean (WM) for the difficulties encountered in

implementing the ordinance is 3.18, categorized as Slightly Agree (S). This

score indicates that while there are significant challenges, there is also a

recognition of the potential for improvement.

1. Lack of Awareness: The highest-ranked difficulty, with a mean score

of 3.37, indicates that many residents might not be fully informed about the

health risks of smoking or the details of the ordinance. This lack of

awareness can lead to non-compliance and unintentional violations.

2. Cultural Acceptance of Smoking: Smoking may be deeply rooted in

cultural practices or socially accepted in certain communities, which

59
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

presents a challenge to changing behaviors and attitudes towards smoking.

This statement received a mean score of 2.76, ranking it lower but still

significant.

3. Enforcement Issues: A mean score of 3.24 highlights concerns about the

effectiveness of enforcement. Without adequate monitoring and trained

personnel to impose penalties, the ordinance may not be taken seriously by

the community.

4. Funding and Resources: The need for financial support to carry out

outreach and educational programs is emphasized, with a mean score

of 3.11. A shortage of resources can significantly hinder the implementation

of effective anti-smoking initiatives.

5. Opposition from Local Businesses: Local establishments that rely on

tobacco sales may oppose the ordinance due to concerns about revenue

loss, complicating efforts to gain community support. This challenge

received a mean score of 3.18.

6. Access for Minors: Despite regulations, minors may still find ways to

obtain tobacco products, necessitating stronger age verification processes

and community vigilance. This issue ranked highest with a mean score

of 3.46, indicating a critical area for intervention.

7. Political Will: The effectiveness of the ordinance is also dependent on the

dedication of local leaders. A lack of political will can lead to insufficient

60
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

support and resources for its implementation, reflected in a mean score

of 3.18.

8. Public Misunderstanding: Misunderstandings regarding what the

ordinance permits can create confusion among residents, leading to

unintentional violations. This challenge received a mean score of 3.21.

9. Impact on Local Farmers: Concerns that a decrease in tobacco

consumption could negatively affect local farmers who rely on tobacco

cultivation for their income received a mean score of 3.16.

10. Need for Ongoing Evaluation: Implementing the ordinance without a

system for ongoing evaluation can lead to stagnation. Regular assessments

are necessary to adapt strategies and improve effectiveness, with a mean

score of 3.11.

In conclusion, while there are notable challenges in the implementation of the

anti-smoking ordinance in Barangay Minuyan IV, the community's awareness and

engagement can be enhanced through targeted educational initiatives and

stronger enforcement measures. Addressing these difficulties is essential for the

ordinance to achieve its intended public health outcomes.

Table 5

PROPOSED SOLUTIONS TO ENHANCE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE

ANTI-SMOKING ORDINANCE IN BARANGAY MINUYAN IV

61
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

Statement WM V.I Rank

1. Launch educational campaigns through various

media to inform residents about smoking risks and 3.07 R 10

the ordinance.

2. Conduct workshops engaging community

3.66 HR 3
leaders to shift cultural attitudes toward smoking.

3. Form a dedicated task force with local officials

3.43 HR 9
and volunteers to monitor compliance effectively.

4. Seek funding for educational materials and

3.55 HR 6.5
outreach programs from government or NGOs.

5. Engage Local Businesses: offer incentives for

3.51 HR 8
compliance to gain their support.

6. Enforce regulations requiring retailers to

3.59 HR 5
implement strict age verification for tobacco sales.

7. Mobilize community support for local leaders to

3.55 HR 6.5
advocate for the ordinance.

8. Develop clear materials outlining the

3.68 HR 2
ordinance’s rules to reduce misunderstandings

62
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

9. Create transition programs for tobacco farmers

3.60 HR 4
to alternative crops or livelihoods.

10. Establish ongoing assessments through

surveys and feedback to improve ordinance 3.83 HR 1

effectiveness.

GRAND WEIGHTED MEAN 3.55 HR

Table 5 Proposed Solutions to Enhance the Effectiveness of the Anti-

Smoking Ordinance in Barangay Minuyan IV

To improve the effectiveness of the anti-smoking ordinance in Barangay Minuyan

IV, several solutions have been proposed. These solutions aim to address the

challenges identified in the implementation process and enhance community

engagement and compliance.

The Grand Weighted Mean (WM) for the proposed solutions is 3.55, categorized

as High Recommendation (HR). This score indicates strong support for the

proposed initiatives aimed at enhancing the ordinance's effectiveness.

1. Ongoing Assessments: The highest-ranked solution, with a mean score

of 3.83, emphasizes the need for establishing ongoing assessments

63
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

through surveys and feedback. This approach will help improve the

effectiveness of the ordinance by adapting strategies based on community

input.

2. Clear Communication Materials: Developing clear materials outlining the

ordinance’s rules received a mean score of 3.68. This solution aims to

reduce misunderstandings among residents regarding what is permissible

under the ordinance.

3. Community Engagement Workshops: Conducting workshops that

engage community leaders to shift cultural attitudes toward smoking ranked

third with a mean score of 3.66. This initiative is crucial for addressing

cultural acceptance of smoking and fostering a supportive environment for

the ordinance.

4. Transition Programs for Farmers: Creating transition programs for

tobacco farmers to alternative crops or livelihoods received a mean score

of 3.60. This solution addresses potential economic impacts on farmers due

to decreased tobacco consumption.

5. Enforcement of Age Verification: Enforcing regulations that require

retailers to implement strict age verification for tobacco sales scored 3.59.

This measure is essential for preventing minors from accessing tobacco

products.

64
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

6. Funding for Educational Materials: Seeking funding for educational

materials and outreach programs from government or NGOs received a

mean score of 3.55. Financial support is vital for effective community

education initiatives.

7. Mobilizing Community Support: Engaging local businesses by offering

incentives for compliance scored 3.51. This approach aims to gain the

support of local establishments, which can be influential in promoting the

ordinance.

8. Dedicated Compliance Task Force: Forming a dedicated task force with

local officials and volunteers to monitor compliance effectively received a

mean score of 3.43. This initiative is crucial for ensuring that the ordinance

is enforced consistently.

9. Educational Campaigns: Launching educational campaigns through

various media to inform residents about smoking risks and the ordinance

scored 3.07. While ranked lower, this solution remains important for raising

awareness.

In summary, the proposed solutions reflect a comprehensive approach to

enhancing the effectiveness of the anti-smoking ordinance in Barangay Minuyan

IV. By focusing on education, community engagement, enforcement, and

65
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

ongoing evaluation, these initiatives aim to create a healthier environment and

promote compliance with the ordinance.

66
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

Chapter 5

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter provides the summary of findings of the research results, the

conclusions derived from synthesizing these findings, and the study's

recommendations based on the categorized findings above mentioned.

Summary of Findings

The study aimed to determine the Implimentation of Anti-Smoking Ordinance in

Barangay Minuyan IV City of San Jose Del Monte . In this study, the researchers

came up with the following key findings:

1. The demographic profile:

- There were 48 or 48% Female and there were 52 or roughly 52% Male out of

the Barangay Minuyan IV respondents. This indicated that more than half of the

respondents were Male

67
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

• The majority of respondents were in the age group of 51-80 (46%), followed

by 31-50 (36%). There was limited representation in the age groups beyond

18-30.

• The largest group of Respondents in Barangay Minuyan 4 are married, making

up 56% of the total, 27% are single, and 17% are widowed.

• The majority of respondents (70%) 80 respondets are Barangay Residents, while

30% 20 respondents are Baranggay Officials.

2.Anti-smoking Ordinance Implementation at Barangay Minuyan IV

2.1 Implementation of the Ordinance

The Grand Weighted Mean (WM) for the implementation of the ordinance

is 2.80, categorized as Agree (A). This score indicates a generally positive

perception among residents regarding the effectiveness of the ordinance in

achieving its goals.

The highest mean score in this section is 3.16, reflecting strong agreement that

the anti-smoking ordinance is enforced in public places. This suggests that

residents feel confident in the enforcement mechanisms in place, which is crucial

for the ordinance's success.

68
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

Conversely, the lowest mean score is 2.48, indicating disagreement with the

statement that the ordinance has made notable progress in promoting public health

and decreasing tobacco use. This suggests that while enforcement may be strong,

there may be concerns about the overall impact of the ordinance on public health

outcomes.

2.2 Effectiveness of the Ordinance

The Grand Weighted Mean (WM) for the effectiveness of the ordinance is 2.67,

categorized as Agree (A). This score indicates a generally positive perception

among residents regarding the effectiveness of the anti-smoking ordinance in

promoting awareness and compliance.

The highest mean score in this section is 3.00, reflecting strong agreement with

the statement that there is awareness of the possible consequences and fines

related to smoking violations specified in the ordinance. This suggests that many

residents understand the implications of violating the anti-smoking regulations,

which is essential for compliance.

In contrast, the lowest mean score is 2.34, indicating disagreement with the

statement that the anti-smoking ordinance and its penalties were effectively

communicated to the community. This low score highlights a significant gap in

69
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

communication, suggesting that while some residents are aware of the penalties,

many may not have received adequate information about the ordinance itself.

2.3 Penalties of the Ordinance

The Grand Weighted Mean (WM) for the awareness of penalties related to the

ordinance is 2.57, categorized as Agree (A). This score indicates that there is a

moderate level of awareness among residents about the penalties for violating the

anti-smoking regulations.

The highest mean score in this section is 2.94, reflecting strong agreement

regarding satisfaction with the implementation of penalties and interactions with

enforcement personnel. This suggests that while residents may have concerns

about penalties, they feel positively about how these penalties are communicated

and enforced.

Conversely, the lowest mean score is 2.26, indicating disagreement with the

statement that individuals are knowledgeable about the penalties associated with

violations of the ordinance. This low score highlights a significant gap in

awareness, suggesting that many residents may not fully understand the

consequences of violating the anti-smoking regulations.

2.4 Awareness of the Anti Smoking Ordinance

70
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

The Grand Weighted Mean (WM) for the awareness of the ordinance is 2.69,

categorized as Agree (A). This score reflects a moderate to high level of

awareness among the community members regarding the anti-smoking

ordinance and its implications for public health.

The highest mean score recorded was 2.96, indicating strong agreement with

the statement that awareness of the ordinance significantly influences behavior

towards smoking compliance. This suggests that a segment of the community

recognizes the importance of the ordinance in promoting a smoke-free

environment.

Conversely, the lowest mean score was 2.54, which still falls within the

"Agree" category. This score indicates that while there is awareness, there may

be some variability in how strongly individuals feel about the influence of the

ordinance on their behavior.

2.5 Existence of Smoking Area

The Grand Weighted Mean (WM) for the existence of smoking areas is 2.43,

which falls under the category of Disagree (D). This score indicates a general

lack of awareness and familiarity among residents regarding the rules and

regulations associated with designated smoking areas as outlined in the anti-

smoking ordinance.

71
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

The highest mean score in this section is 2.62, reflecting agreement with the

statement that individuals in Minuyan IV are familiar with the rules and

regulations regarding the establishment and maintenance of designated

smoking areas. This suggests that while some residents have a basic

understanding, it is not universally strong.

On the other hand, the lowest mean score is 2.16, indicating disagreement

with the statement about the level of familiarity with signage and markings for

designated smoking areas. This low score highlights a significant gap in

awareness, which could hinder compliance and the overall effectiveness of

the ordinance.

3.The Significant Difference Of Two Groups Of Respondents In Assessing

The Implementation.

The t-test results provide insights into the differences in perceptions

between residents and barangay officials regarding various dimensions of

the anti-smoking ordinance in Barangay Minuyan IV. Here’s a summary of

the findings:

72
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

1. Implementation of the Ordinance: The computed t-value

of 5.64 indicates a significant difference in perceptions between residents

and barangay officials regarding the implementation of the anti-smoking

ordinance. This suggests that one group may feel more positively about

how the ordinance is being enforced.

2. Effectiveness of the Ordinance: With a t-value of 2.99, this dimension

also shows a significant difference, indicating varying opinions on how

effective the ordinance is perceived to be in achieving its goals.

3. Penalties of the Ordinance: The t-value of 1.27 is below the critical value

of 2.78, indicating that there is no significant difference in perceptions

regarding the penalties associated with the ordinance. This suggests a

consensus or similar views on this aspect among both groups.

4. Awareness of the Ordinance: A t-value of 5.84 indicates a significant

difference in awareness levels between residents and barangay officials.

This highlights the need for improved communication and education about

the ordinance among residents.

5. Existence of Smoking Area: The t-value of 3.31 shows a significant

difference in perceptions regarding the existence of designated smoking

areas, suggesting differing views on how well this aspect of the ordinance

is being managed.

73
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

The t-test results reveal significant differences in perceptions between residents

and barangay officials on several dimensions of the anti-smoking ordinance,

particularly in its implementation, effectiveness, awareness, and the

management of smoking areas. These insights can guide future efforts to

enhance communication, education, and enforcement strategies related to the

ordinance, ensuring that both residents and officials are aligned in their

understanding and support of the initiative

4.Difficulties with Anti Smoking Ordinance in Baranggay Minuyan IV

The Grand Weighted Mean (WM) for the difficulties encountered in

implementing the ordinance is 3.18, categorized as Slightly Agree (S). This

score indicates that while there are significant challenges, there is also a

recognition of the potential for improvement.

1. Lack of Awareness: The highest-ranked difficulty, with a mean score

of 3.37, indicates that many residents might not be fully informed about the

health risks of smoking or the details of the ordinance. This lack of

awareness can lead to non-compliance and unintentional violations.

74
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

2. Cultural Acceptance of Smoking: Smoking may be deeply rooted in

cultural practices or socially accepted in certain communities, which

presents a challenge to changing behaviors and attitudes towards smoking.

This statement received a mean score of 2.76, ranking it lower but still

significant.

3. Enforcement Issues: A mean score of 3.24 highlights concerns about the

effectiveness of enforcement. Without adequate monitoring and trained

personnel to impose penalties, the ordinance may not be taken seriously by

the community.

4. Funding and Resources: The need for financial support to carry out

outreach and educational programs is emphasized, with a mean score

of 3.11. A shortage of resources can significantly hinder the implementation

of effective anti-smoking initiatives.

5. Opposition from Local Businesses: Local establishments that rely on

tobacco sales may oppose the ordinance due to concerns about revenue

loss, complicating efforts to gain community support. This challenge

received a mean score of 3.18.

6. Access for Minors: Despite regulations, minors may still find ways to

obtain tobacco products, necessitating stronger age verification processes

and community vigilance. This issue ranked highest with a mean score

of 3.46, indicating a critical area for intervention.

75
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

7. Political Will: The effectiveness of the ordinance is also dependent on the

dedication of local leaders. A lack of political will can lead to insufficient

support and resources for its implementation, reflected in a mean score

of 3.18.

8. Public Misunderstanding: Misunderstandings regarding what the

ordinance permits can create confusion among residents, leading to

unintentional violations. This challenge received a mean score of 3.21.

9. Impact on Local Farmers: Concerns that a decrease in tobacco

consumption could negatively affect local farmers who rely on tobacco

cultivation for their income received a mean score of 3.16.

10. Need for Ongoing Evaluation: Implementing the ordinance without a

system for ongoing evaluation can lead to stagnation. Regular assessments

are necessary to adapt strategies and improve effectiveness, with a mean

score of 3.11.

In conclusion, while there are notable challenges in the implementation of the

anti-smoking ordinance in Barangay Minuyan IV, the community's awareness and

engagement can be enhanced through targeted educational initiatives and

stronger enforcement measures. Addressing these difficulties is essential for the

ordinance to achieve its intended public health outcomes.

76
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

5. Proposed Solution to enhance Implementing Anti-Smoking Ordinance

in Barangay Minuyan IV.

The Grand Weighted Mean (WM) for the proposed solutions is 3.55, categorized

as High Recommendation (HR). This score indicates strong support for the

proposed initiatives aimed at enhancing the ordinance's effectiveness.

1. Ongoing Assessments: The highest-ranked solution, with a mean score

of 3.83, emphasizes the need for establishing ongoing assessments

through surveys and feedback. This approach will help improve the

effectiveness of the ordinance by adapting strategies based on community

input.

2. Clear Communication Materials: Developing clear materials outlining the

ordinance’s rules received a mean score of 3.68. This solution aims to

reduce misunderstandings among residents regarding what is permissible

under the ordinance.

3. Community Engagement Workshops: Conducting workshops that

engage community leaders to shift cultural attitudes toward smoking ranked

third with a mean score of 3.66. This initiative is crucial for addressing

cultural acceptance of smoking and fostering a supportive environment for

the ordinance.

77
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

4. Transition Programs for Farmers: Creating transition programs for

tobacco farmers to alternative crops or livelihoods received a mean score

of 3.60. This solution addresses potential economic impacts on farmers due

to decreased tobacco consumption.

5. Enforcement of Age Verification: Enforcing regulations that require

retailers to implement strict age verification for tobacco sales scored 3.59.

This measure is essential for preventing minors from accessing tobacco

products.

6. Funding for Educational Materials: Seeking funding for educational

materials and outreach programs from government or NGOs received a

mean score of 3.55. Financial support is vital for effective community

education initiatives.

7. Mobilizing Community Support: Engaging local businesses by offering

incentives for compliance scored 3.51. This approach aims to gain the

support of local establishments, which can be influential in promoting the

ordinance.

8. Dedicated Compliance Task Force: Forming a dedicated task force with

local officials and volunteers to monitor compliance effectively received a

mean score of 3.43. This initiative is crucial for ensuring that the ordinance

is enforced consistently.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

9. Educational Campaigns: Launching educational campaigns through

various media to inform residents about smoking risks and the ordinance

scored 3.07. While ranked lower, this solution remains important for raising

awareness.

In summary, the proposed solutions reflect a comprehensive approach to

enhancing the effectiveness of the anti-smoking ordinance in Barangay Minuyan

IV. By focusing on education, community engagement, enforcement, and

ongoing evaluation, these initiatives aim to create a healthier environment and

promote compliance with the ordinance.

Conclusion

The study on the implementation of the anti-smoking ordinance in Barangay

Minuyan IV provides valuable insights into the demographic profile of

respondents, their perceptions of the ordinance, and the challenges faced in its

enforcement. The findings indicate a generally positive attitude toward the

ordinance, with significant recognition of its objectives to promote public health

and reduce smoking in public spaces. However, the data also reveal areas where

awareness and understanding are lacking, particularly regarding penalties and

designated smoking areas.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

Key challenges identified include the accessibility of tobacco products for minors,

insufficient public awareness about the health risks of smoking, and ineffective

enforcement due to a lack of trained personnel. These issues highlight the need

for targeted strategies to enhance the implementation of the ordinance.

The proposed solutions to enhance the implementation of the anti-smoking

ordinance in Barangay Minuyan IV reflect a comprehensive understanding of the

challenges faced in promoting a smoke-free environment. With a Grand Weighted

Mean of 3.55, the community recognizes the importance of these solutions in

improving the ordinance's effectiveness.Key strategies, such as establishing

ongoing assessments and conducting workshops for community leaders, highlight

the necessity of continuous evaluation and cultural engagement to foster a

supportive atmosphere for the ordinance. Additionally, enforcing strict age

verification for tobacco sales and developing clear communication materials are

essential steps toward improving compliance and reducing misunderstandings

about the ordinance.The emphasis on collaboration with local businesses and

seeking funding for educational initiatives further underscores the need for a united

community effort in addressing smoking-related issues. While the proposal for

educational campaigns received a lower ranking, it still signifies the community's

awareness of the importance of public education regarding smoking risks.Overall,

these proposed solutions aim to tackle the economic, cultural, and enforcement

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 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

challenges associated with the anti-smoking ordinance, ultimately promoting a

healthier community in Barangay Minuyan IV. By implementing these strategies,

the barangay can enhance the effectiveness of the ordinance, ensuring a

significant positive impact on public health and well-being.

Recommendations

To address the identified challenges and improve theImplementation of Anti-

Smoking Ordinance in Barangay Minuya IV , Based on the ranked difficulties

inimplementing anti-smoking ordinance in Barangay Minuyan IV, the following

recommendations are made:

1. Lack of Awareness:

o Proposed Solution: Launch educational campaigns through

various media to inform residents about the health risks of smoking

and the details of the anti-smoking ordinance.

o Rationale: Increasing awareness among residents can help

address non-compliance and unintentional violations by ensuring

they understand the importance of the ordinance and its

requirements.

2. Cultural Acceptance of Smoking:

o Proposed Solution: Conduct workshops engaging community

leaders to shift cultural attitudes toward smoking.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

o Rationale: Addressing the deep-rooted cultural practices and social

acceptance of smoking requires a targeted approach that involves

influential community members. Workshops can help facilitate

discussions and promote behavioral changes.

3. Enforcement Issues:

o Proposed Solution: Form a dedicated task force with local officials

and volunteers to monitor compliance effectively.

o Rationale: Establishing a dedicated team to oversee the

enforcement of the ordinance can help ensure consistent

monitoring and the imposition of penalties for violations, thereby

increasing the ordinance's credibility and effectiveness.

4. Funding and Resources:

o Proposed Solution: Seek funding for educational materials and

outreach programs from government or non-governmental

organizations (NGOs).

o Rationale: Securing adequate financial resources can enable the

implementation of comprehensive educational initiatives and

community engagement programs, which are crucial for the

success of the anti-smoking ordinance.

5. Opposition from Local Businesses:

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 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

o Proposed Solution: Engage local businesses by offering

incentives for compliance to gain their support.

o Rationale: Providing incentives to local establishments that rely on

tobacco sales can help mitigate their opposition and encourage

their participation in the implementation of the ordinance, fostering

a more collaborative environment.

By addressing these key challenges through the proposed solutions, the

effectiveness of the anti-smoking ordinance in Barangay Minuyan IV can be

significantly enhanced. The solutions focus on improving awareness, shifting

cultural attitudes, strengthening enforcement, securing funding, and engaging

local stakeholders, all of which are essential for the successful implementation

and sustainability of the ordinance.

83
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

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 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Bulacan
CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
City College of San Jose del Monte
SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
el. No. (044) 321 3629 Email: president.ccsjdm@yahoo.com

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