Unit # 4 (b)

PILLARS OF ISLAM

PRAYER
(THE SECOND PILLAR)

0334-3199003 Umarsheikh.isl@gmail.com

Paper II : (One or two questions are set from this Unit)

 Methods of Purification
There is a unique requirement in Islam that before we offer ourselves in devotion to our Lord,
we must enter into the state of purity to perform certain acts of worship. As the following
hadith of the Prophet (saw) says:
Allah does not accept prayer without purification.” (Nasai)
This state of purification may be gained by the following methods;
 Making ablution/Wudhu (in case of minor impurities)
 Complete bath/Ghusl (in case of major impurities) if water is available.
 Dry ablution/Tayammum (alternative of wudhu and ghusl) if water is not present.

1. Ablution
This method of purification is required when a person is impure with minor impurities. The
major obligatory acts about ablution can be found in the Quran as follows:
“O you who believe! When you intend to offer prayer, wash your faces and your hands up
to the elbows, rub (by passing wet hands over) your heads, and (wash) your feet up to the
ankles.‟ (5:6)
Method of Performing Wudhu / Ablution
 Make intention for wudhu and face Qibla, if possible
 Recite Bismillah
 Wash the two hands including wrists three times, first right and then left. Hazrat Aus
(RA) narrated:

“I saw the Prophet (saw) performing wudhu. He washed his hands three times”.

 Use Miswak and Rinse the mouth thrice / Gargling

 Rinse the Nose thrice / Sniffing
 Wash face with both hands thrice, from the hairline to under the chin, and from ear lobe
to ear lobe, including the corners of the eyes. (Once is Obligatory)
 Wash both arms including the elbows thrice. (Once is Obligatory)
 Wiping at least 1/4 of the head from the front is Obligatory, while it is sunnah to wipe
the entire head by joining all three fingers, from small to middle finger to cover the
head. Clean the inner sides of ear with forefingers and outer with thumb. Pass back of
the hands over the nape of the neck.
 Wash both feet including the ankles thrice. First the right foot and then the left foot.
(Once is Obligatory)
Note
There should be no break in the processes of the Wudhu, no washed part should be dry by the
time another is washed. Moreover, it is also a required Sunnah to make wudhu in proper
sequence.
Things that cancel the wudhu / Ablution
 Excretion from both Private part
These include urine, feces, breaking wind, worms, stones etc. As Quran says: “… or any
of you comes from answering the call of nature (it is necessary to make wudhu).” (5:6)
 Vomiting a Mouthful
Vomiting a mouthful cancels wudhu, but if it is less than a mouthful it does not affect
wudhu. Hazrat Aisha (RA) said: “whoever vomits, should repeat his wudhu”. (Ibn-e-
Majah)
 Falling Asleep
It is also necessary to perform ablution for a person, who falls asleep lying on his back or
any other thing, while falling asleep in standing, sitting or prostrating state does not
cancel the wudhu.
 Laughing out Loud while Praying
The Prophet (saw) said to person who laughed out loud while praying, “Repeat your
wudhu”. But a quiet smile during prayer does not affect both prayer and wudhu.
 Loss of Consciousness
Losing consciousness, regardless of whether it is due to fainting, intoxication or mental
illness cancels the wudhu.
 Bleeding
Hazrat Zaid bin Sabit (RA) narrated that the Prophet (saw) said: “wudhu becomes invalid
only by the blood that flows from its source.”

2. Ghusl / Obligatory Bath

Obligatory Ghusl is required to free one from major impurities. As the Holy Quran says;
“And if you are in the state of janabah (major impurity), purify yourself well. (5:6)
Method of Performing Ghusl/Obligatory Bath
 Make intention for the Ghusl
 Wash both hands including the wrists
 Wash private parts and remove impurities (if there is)
 Perform wudhu
 Gargling and sniffing are obligatory.
 If bath water collects around the feet, wash them at the end.
 Pour water over the right shoulder, then over the left shoulder, and then over the head;
wash entire body thrice.
 Rub the body and rub over the head ensuring the hair-roots get wet.
 Make sure water reaches and wets the entire body without leaving any part dry.
(obligatory)
Incidents that make Ghusl Compulsory
After the three incidents ghusl becomes obligatory.
 Marital relation (for men and women both)
 Menstruation period
 Child-birth period

3. Tayammum / Dry Ablution

The Permissibility of Tayammum
Tayammum was impressible for previous nations. Its permissibility is among some special
blessings on the Muslims. As the Quran says:
“But if you are ill, or on a journey…….. and you find no water, then perform Tayammum
with clean earth and rub therewith your faces and hands”. (5:6)
Circumstances under which Tayammum is permitted
 Water is not available; or it is too far to be reached; or there is some danger in acquiring
it; or though it is available, one is restricted from its use; or one fears that if it was used
for purification, not enough would remain for drinking, etc.
 Water is available but there is a risk of sickness or worsening an existing sickness by
using it, etc.
Method of Performing Tayammum
 Recite Bismillah (it is sunnah to recite before it)
 Make intention for tayammum saying, “I intend to make Tayammum with the object of
removing impurity and acquiring purity”. (it is obligatory)
 Strike the pure soil twice with the palms of both hands (Obligatory)
On the first strike On the second strike
Blow off loose dust from them Blow off the loose dust from them
Wipe the entire face with both hands as it Wipe the right hand from left and left
is done in ablution from right including the elbows

Things that Cancel Tayammum

 Things that cancel the wudhu also cancel the tayammum, and things that make ghusl
compulsory also nullify the tayammum.
 When the restriction is removed, under which tayammum was performed, tayammum
becomes invalid. For example, if tayammum was performed due lack of water or
some illness, and then if water becomes available or illness get finished, tayammum is
cancelled.
Note
 Tayammum may be performed with a wall made of stones or bricks, or if it is painted
with lime products.
 Tayammum may not be performed with things that are not products of the soil, such as
gold, silver, iron, copper, wood, carpet, etc. However, if these things are covered with
dust, tayammum with them will be permissible.

Prerequisites Of Prayer / Conditions Of Prayer

The following are the conditions which must be fulfilled before performing prayer. If any of
them is missing, the Prayer is then considered invalid.

1. Niyyah (Intention)
Before Prayer is performed, the intention to do so should be firmly placed in the mind. It may
also be expressed with the tongue, to offer a particular obligatory Prayer at a prescribed time,
for the Sunnat or Nafil prayers. If one prays prayer without the intention of pleasing Allah
(swt), He will not accept it. The Prophet (saw) is reported to have said:
"Deeds are according to their intentions and each man will get what he intends.”
The expression of one's intention aloud and according to certain formulas is not necessary.
There are no recorded authentic statements of intention, nor was it the practice of the Prophet
(saw) or his Companions to clearly express their intentions for prayer.

2. Purification of the body

The body has to be cleaned of all sorts of impurities (Minor and Major both). One should be
in a state of purity achieved through one of the following means: wudu (Ablution), ghusl
(Bath), or tayammum (dry Ablution). This state of purity remains pure unless broken by one
of the following factors: excretion, urination, breaking wind, sleeping in the lying position,
ejaculation of semen or sexual intercourse. The first five of these necessitate only „wudu’;
while the last two necessitate a ghusl, and wudu cannot take its place. Tayammum takes the
place of either wudu or ghusl if water is absent, and must be renewed for each compulsory
prayer performed at its proper time. The proof for this is Allah‟s (swt) saying:
“O believers! When you stand to pray, wash your faces and your hands up to the elbows.
Wipe your heads (with water), and (wash) your feet up to the ankles.” (5: 6)

3. Purification of clothes
All the garments including even the cap, socks, gloves, etc. that one is wearing or having on
one's body must be clean and pure beyond any shadow of a doubt.
Any impurity either minor or major which falls on clothes should be washed away thrice and
squeezed well simultaneously. As the Quran says:
“And purify your garments.”
 4. Purification of the place
The area on which one intends to perform Prayer and where one's knees, hands and forehead
would rest in, must be free from impurities, whether it is a piece of plain ground or floor, or a
mat, etc. but one should also avoid standing for the Prayer at a place which is stinking with
filth and dirt around it.

5. Satr (Covering)
The ‘Satr’ of both the male and female must be properly covered prior to performing prayer.
The boundaries of the „Satr‟ for a man are from his navel to his knees (including both of
them).
Prayer in dresses which hug and expose the shape of the private parts is also not acceptable
unless a loose shirt covering the area is worn. Hazrat Abdullah bin Buraydah (RA) reported
his father as saying,
“The Prophet (saw) forbade us from praying in pants' without wearing a coat (over it)”
For woman, the ‘Satr’ includes all of her body except for her face, hands up to the wrists and
tops of her feet. Hazrat Ayesha (RA) also quoted the Prophet (saw) as saying,
"Allah does not accept the prayer of a woman who has reached puberty unless she wears a
khimar (headscarf covering the hair, ears, neck and bosom)"

6. Facing the Qibla

When prayer is to be performed, under normal conditions, one should determine the general
direction of the Ka'bah and face it. If a person performs his Prayer with his face turned
towards a direction other than that of the Qibla, unless there is a genuine reason for that, his
Prayer will not be supposed to have been performed. Allah states in Quran about the facing
towards Qibla, “So turn your face to the direction of Al-Masjid-ul-Haraam.” (2:144)
Consequently, once a reasonable determination has been made and the direction of the Qiblah
has been set in a masjid, there is no need to constantly change the angle of prayer each time a
more accurate compass is introduced.

7. Entrance of the Proper time

Each Prayer has to be performed within the time limit prescribed for it. As Allah (swt) says in
the Quran, “Verily, the prayer is enjoined on the believers at fixed hours.” (4:103). If a
Prayer is performed before its time, it will be no Prayer at all, and if it is offered after the time
for it, has passed, it will have to be offered as a missed (Qada) Prayer. Therefore, the
beginning time for the intended prayer is supposed to have started before the prayer can be
performed. Moreover, there are three spans during which a believer is not allowed to perform
prayer, i.e. the sunrise, the mid noon and the sunset.
 The Method of the Salah
(Two Units Performance)

1. Standing Straight / Qiyam (Obligatory)

 Muslims should stand straight facing to Qibla, hanging hands down sides of the body.
 Make intention for the prayer.
 It is preferable to look at the place of sajdah, while standing straight. As it is mentioned
in the hadith;
"The Prophet (saw) used to lower his head and stare at the ground."
 In order to concentrate looking upwards as well as looking around during prayer is
prohibited.

2. The opening „Takbeer‟ / Takbeer-e-Tehrima (Obligatory)

 Raise both hands, palms facing to Qibla such that they line up with lobes of both ears,
reciting ‘Takbeer’ “Allah-o-Akbar”. This is for men, while women may raise their
hands up to their shoulders.
 Place the right hand on the left and fold both of them on the navel. Encircle the wrist of
the left hand with the thumb of the right hand. The Prophet (saw) ordered that, saying,
"Verily, our company of Prophets was ordered to place our right hands on our left in
salah."
 Recite the introductory „Du‟a‟ (Sana), Ta‟awwuz & Tasmiyah quietly.

3. Recitation of the Quran (Obligatory)

 It is obligatory to recite Surah Fatiha, while you are standing. The Prophet (saw)
mentioned the importance of Surah Fatiha, as he said;
“Whoever does not recite Al-Fatiha in his prayer, his prayer is invalid”. (Bukhari)
 Following this, attach at least one long verse or three short verses of the Quran.

4. Bowing down / Ruk‟u (Obligatory)

 Make ‘takbeer’ and bow down, grasping the knees firmly and spread fingers apart.
 Open out elbows and point them away from sides.
 Back should be straight out, parallel to the ground and head should neither be bent
upwards nor downwards but just in between.
 Recite the „Dua‟ of „Ruku‟ “(Subhana rabbiyal-Azeem)”at least thrice.
Coming out of Ruku / Qaum‟a
 Straighten up from ‘Ruku’, saying: "(Sami Aalla-hu-liman-hamidah).”
 Keep the body upright, hanging hands by side, and say, "(Rabbana-wa-lakal-hamd).”
 One should not go from ‘ruku’ to „sujood’ without standing completely upright and
pausing in this position.
5. Going into Prostrations / Sujood (Obligatory)
 Make ‘takbeer’ and go down to the ground, placing the bones closest to the earth
respectively.
 Place the forehead and nose firmly on the ground.
 Palms should be flat on the ground and fingers together, pointing towards the Qibla and
lining up with ears.
 Forearms should not touch the ground and move them well away from sides. The
Prophet (saw) insisted on this form, saying,
"If you make sujud, place your palms flat and lift up your elbows and none of you should
spread out his forearms (on the ground) the way a dog does.”
 Placing of chest or stomach on the thighs during sujud is forbidden.
 Feet should be raised up, and toes firmly planted on the ground pointing towards the
Qibla.
 Recite the „Dua‟ of ‘Sujood’ “(Subhana rabbiyal-A'la)” at least thrice.

Going into juloos (Sitting)

 Make ‘takbeer’ and sit up.
 Sit on the bottom of the left foot, with the toe of right foot pointing towards the Qibla.
Going back into 2nd Sajdah
 Make ‘takbir’ and go back into 2nd ‘Sajdah’ in the same form as previously did.
Going out of the 2nd sajdah
 Make ‘takbeer’ and stand up. Lift the bones up touched the ground while prostrating in
reverse order.
From the opening takbeer to the end of the 2nd sajdah is known as a "rak'ah;" or a single unit
of ‘Salah’. The 2nd rak'ah is exactly the same as the first except that the introductory du'a is
left out.

6. Sitting / „tashahhud‟ (Obligatory)

 After the 2nd sajdah of the 2nd unit, one should sit back placing palms on thighs.
 Recite „Tahayyah‟, and when reach the sentence ‘Ashhadu Allah…’, make a fist of right
hand and raise the index finger pointing towards the Qiblah and look at it.
„Salah‟ on the Prophet (saw) & Du‟a before tasleem / Salam
After completing the ‘tahayyah’, make salah on the Prophet (saw) and before closing the
salah, recite particular dua.
Tasleem
 On the completion of the previous dua’, close the salah by giving tasleem (i.e. Turn
head to the right and say, "[As-Salam-u-'alaykum wa rahmatul-lahi wa barakatuh]" and
to the left, repeating the same words)
Standing up for the third and fourth units
If one intends to perform 4 units prayer, he should make ‘takbeer’ after the ‘tahayyah’
of the 2nd unit and stand up for the remaining two units. After the completion of the 4th
unit, he should sit for the final ‘tashahhud’ as he did at the end of second unit.

Things Which Invalidate the Prayer

 Speaking, talking or laughing in the course of the prayer.
 Eating while praying, even though what is eaten maybe as small as a piece of dates.
 Drinking while praying, even though what is drank maybe as small as taking only a
mouthful.
 If a person's ablution (wuzu) gets invalidated in the course of the prayer, then the prayer
becomes invalid.
 The prayer is also invalidated by carrying out the Ruku and Sujud postures with
quickness and without ease. While in prostration, bobbing (jerking) up and down like
chicken pecking food from the ground is not allowed.
 Turning oneself away from the direction of the Qiblah also invalidates the prayer.

Adhan & Iqamat

It is strongly recommended that wherever possible Muslims should offer their compulsory
(Farz) prayers in the mosque. To call Muslims to prayer, the Prophet (saw) introduced the
system of Adhan in 1 A.H.

Adhan Iqamat
 This is the first call to prayer said 15-30  It is another call to prepare said just
minutes before the start of prayer. The before the actual start of prayer in
person who gives the Adhan is called congregation.
“Mu‟azzin”.  When the Muslims stand in rows, the
 Muazzin stands in the Minarat or in the Muazzin stands in the first row behind
courtyard of the Mosque, faces the Qibla, Imam and recites Iqamah.
raises his hands to his ears and calls it out  It is said in a lower voice than Adhan.
loudly.  Sentences are not stretched and said
 During the Adhan Muazzin stretches the quisker than Adhan.
sentences and calls them slowly.  It is exactly like Adhan, except that after
 There are 15 sentences in Adhan except in ‘Hayya ‘alal falah’ the following is
Fajar, as it holds 17 sentences. added:
 The Prophet (saw) announced a special „Qad Qamatis Salah‟
reward for Muazzin. He said; “Muazzins “Indeed the Prayer has begun” (twice)
will have tall necks on the Day of
Judgment”. (to distinguish from others)
 Congregational Regular Prayer
Performing the (obligatory) prayers in congregation is mandatory and required of every
believing adult male who has no excuse for not doing so. Many authentic Ahadith highlight
the superiority and excellence of praying in congregation. Among these Ahadith are:
The Prophet (saw) said: "The prayer in congregation is superior to the prayer performed
individually by twenty-seven degrees." [Al-Bukhari and Muslim]
Moreover, the Prophet (saw) severely warned against abandoning it. Hazrat Abu Hurairah
(RA) also reported that the Prophet (saw) said:
"I swear by Him in whose hand my soul is! I have considered ordering a fire to be kindled
and then ask someone to lead the people in prayer. And then go to the men [who did not
attend the prayer] and burn their houses over them." [Al-Bukhari and Muslim]

Features of Congregational Prayer

 Only fard/Obligatory units are to be said in congregation.
 The Prayer is better to be performed in the mosque.
 Azan is said 15/30 minutes before the prayer.
 Iqamat is said just before the beginning of prayer.
 The congregational prayer is led by an Imam (leader). The Imam should be;
Male, Adult, just, and well aware of Islamic teachings. The most worthy of leading people
in prayer is the one who is the best in memorizing and reciting the Quran. As the Prophet
(saw) said:
“The most versed in the recitation of the Book of Allah leads the people in prayer. If they
are equal, then the one who is most aware of the Sunnah. If they all are equal, then the
one who emigrated earlier, If they again are all equal, then the oldest of them.” [Muslim]
 The followers stand behind the Imam, facing the Qiblah.
 Before the congregation starts, rows are straightened and the gaps are filled. The
followers should stand shoulder to shoulder and after making the intention the prayer is
read.
 The least number required for the congregational prayer is two: the Imam and another
one with him (even if the other person were a woman or a child). In this situation, the
follower will stand just beside the right side of the Imam, keeping his toes parallel to the
heels of the Imam. If the third one joins during the prayer, either the Imam will move
forward or the follower will be gently pulled back.
 Rows will be set in the following manner:
Imam (Male)

Men’s rows

Children’s rows

Women’s rows
  If women form a congregation, the woman who leads stands in the middle in case they
are in odd numbers, if in even numbers, more women will be on the right hand side.
 The Imam recites Surah fatiha and another surah loudly in Fajr, Maghrib and Isha
Prayers, while in Zuhr and Asr he recites in a low voice. All the takbeerats are said by
the Imam and followers recite supplication of Ruku, Sajdah, tahayyah etc.

Friday Congregational Prayer

Introduction
Besides the five obligatory prayers, Allah (swt) has also ordained the "Jumah" (Friday
Congregational Prayer) as a necessary prayer on the Muslim Nation. The Quran says:
“O believers! when the call is proclaimed to prayer on Friday, hasten to the remembrance
of Allah (swt) and leave off business (and traffic). That is best for you if you but knew.”
(62:9)
The Prophet (saw) also said: “They (people) will have to stop neglecting the Friday prayer
or otherwise, Allah (swt) will seal their hearts and they will be counted among the
negligent.” (Sahih Muslim)
By virtue of the above references, the Friday Congregational Prayer is, therefore, a duty
(Wajib) required from every adult, male and free Muslim who is in residence. The Friday is
not a duty on women, who instead, may perform the obligatory Zuhr (Noon) prayer at their
homes although they may join the Friday prayers.
The Performance of the Friday Prayer
 The Friday prayer is only allowed in the Congregational Mosques. The least number
required for this prayer is three: the Imam and other two with him.
 The time for the friday prayer is the time of the Zuhr prayer.
 In case of missing the Friday prayer, the person will perform Zuhr prayer in
compensation.
 It is recommended that the person comes up with the following pre-requisites before
going out to the Friday Prayer:
i) Undertaking Ghusl (total bath) and using of Miswak. The Prophet (saw) said:
“Ghusl on Friday is necessary (Wajib) upon every adult person” (Sahih Bukhari).
ii) Putting on the best of clothes.
iii) Wearing perfume.
 Muslims assemble in the mosque early enough to listen to Imam‟s speech in native
language and he gives them advice and spiritual insights.
 There are two Azaans for this prayer and both are said with the gap in which Imam
delivers his speech.
 When the Muazzin completes the second Azaan, the Imam climbs the pulpit (Minbar) to
deliver two sermons in Arabic and the person is required to devote his whole attention
 and, is forbidden to talk, exchange of greetings, or keep oneself busy with even minor
activities during the sermons.
 These sermons always consist of advice based on the Quran and Hadith about how to
live a righteous life.
 Upon completion of the first part of the sermon, the Imam sits down for a brief pause
and then, stands up again for the second part of the sermon. After that, he comes down
from the pulpit.
 Before the Prayer starts, rows are straightened and the gaps are filled. The followers
should stand shoulder to shoulder and after making the intention the prayer is read.
 The Muazzin says Iqamat and two congregational units are accordingly performed
which is the same in all respects to the Fajr prayer.

Eid Congregational Prayers

Introduction
There are two official festivals in Islam: Eid-ul-Fitr and Eid-ul-Adha. Eid ul-Fitr is
celebrated on 1st of Shawwal, after the completion of fasting during the month of Ramadan,
while Eid-ul-Adha is celebrated on the 10th day of Zil hijjah to mark the completion of Hajj
and in the memories of Hazrat Ibrahim (AS).
The prayers of the two Eids were made compulsory in the 1st year after migration. The
Prophet (saw) always performed these prayers and ordered the men and women to go out and
attend them.
Features of Both Eid Prayers
 The Eid prayers can be performed in the mosque but it is preferred to perform them in a
place outside the city or in an open ground (Eid gah). The Prophet (saw) would pray the
two Eid prayers on the outskirts of Madinah; in fact he only offered them once in his
mosque when it was raining.
 The time for Eid prayers begins after sunrise till the mid noon. It is sunnah to pray eid-
ul-Azha prayer early to allow believers more time to perform their sacrifice.
 No compensation can be made in case of missing the Eid prayers.
 It is recommended that the person comes up with the following pre-requisites before
going out to the Eid Prayers:
i) Undertaking Ghusl (total bath) and using of Miswak.
ii) Putting on the best of clothes.
iii) Wearing perfume.
 It is sunnah to eat an odd number of dates before going for prayer on Eid-ul-Fitr. It is
narrated that:
“Allah's Apostle never proceeded (for the prayer) on the Day of Eid-ul-Fitr unless he had
eaten some dates.” Hazrat Anas (RA) also narrated: “The Prophet used to eat odd number
of dates.”
 While for Eid-ul-Azha eating is delayed till after the Eid prayers and then the believer
may eat of his sacrifice, if he has sacrificed an animal.
  Sadaqat-ul-fitr is also paid before performing the Eid-ul-fitr prayer.
 A special recitation (Takbeerat) is said in low voice while going to „Eid gah‟ for Eid-ul-
Fitr prayer, whereas it is said in loud voice for Eid-ul-Azha prayer.
 The Eid prayers have neither Azaan nor Iqamat.
 The Eid prayers consists of two rak‟ahs (Units) during which it is sunnah to pronounce
three additional takbeers in the first (before starting the Surah Fatiha) and three in the
second rak’ah (after completing the Surah read after fatiha and before bowing down
for Ruku). Hands are raised during each pronouncement and bring them down and
again raise them for takbir.
Sermons After Eid Prayers
 After the two units, Imam delivers two Sermons in Arabic standing on the pulpit
(Minbar) and the public is required to devote their whole attention and, is forbidden to
talk, exchange of greetings, or keep oneself busy with even minor activities during the
sermons.
Hazrat Abdullah bin Umar (RA) narrated that: “The Messenger of Allah (swt) used to
offer the prayer of Eid-ul-Azha and Eid-ul-Fitr and then deliver the Sermons after the
prayer.”
 These sermons always consist of the rewards of fasting and Sacrifice and about how to
live a righteous life. Imam also recalls the connection of Hazrat Ibrahim‟s (AS) family
to the rites of Annual pilgrimage.
 Upon completion of the first part of the sermon, the Imam sits down for a brief pause
and then, stands up again for the second part of the sermon. After that, he comes down
from the pulpit.
 Collective prayer (Dua) is also said before the dispersal of the crowd.
 It is preferable to change the route while going back to home. Hazrat Jabir bin Abdullah
(RA) narrated that, “On the Day of Eid the Prophet (saw) used to return (after offering
the Eid prayer) through a way different from that by which he went.”

Missed / Qaza Prayer

When any prayer is performed after the appointed time it is called “Qaza Prayer / Missed
Prayer” (Qaza means to compensate or repeat). Missing the prayer without any good reasons
according to the Islamic law is a major sin. A person who misses prayer, intentionally or
unintentionally due to the forgetfulness, ignorance, sleep or some other valid reason has to
perform the „Qaza‟ of the missed prayer and repent to Allah (swt).
Hazrat Anas (RA) narrated that the Prophet (saw) said: “If anyone forgets to offer Prayer
then he should pray whenever he remembers it.”
There are certain rules to be followed while performing Qaza Prayer;

 Qaza is made only for obligatory and Witr units.

  Missed prayer can be offered at any time but not during the forbidden times (sunrise,
sunset and midday).
 It should be performed in order, for instance Fajr, Zuhr, Asr, Maghrib and finally Isha.
 If the Fajr prayer is missed, he/she has to perform the 2 sunnah units along with the 2
Obligatory units in case they are performed before the mid noon of that day.
 Women, who miss prayers during the course days, do not need to perform Qaza for
these missed prayers.

Shorten Prayer / Qasr Prayer

Islam is a religion full of mercy and because of the hardships and inconveniences which a
person usually undergoes during travel, Allah (swt) has made certain concessions to the
traveler. One of these concessions is that traveler may shorten some of the obligatory prayers.
According to the Islamic law, the traveller is one who intends to travel more than 48 miles
from the town with the intention of staying there for 15 days or more.
Allah says in the Quran: “When you travel through the earth there is no blame on you if
you shorten your prayers.” (4:101)
Because of this grant from Allah (swt), it is an established practice that a traveling Muslim
may shorten the 4 obligatory units into 2 units only. Thus, the Zuhr, Asr and lsha prayers may
each be shortened into two units. However, the Maghrib and the Fajr prayers cannot be
shortened and are to be performed in full. Sunnah and Nafil units are not necessary.