1.

What was the percentage contribution of agriculture to GDP at the time of Pakistan's
independence?
- Answer: 53%

2. What was the percentage contribution of manufacturing to GDP at the time of Pakistan's
independence?
- Answer: 7.8%

3. What was the percentage contribution of the trade sector to GDP at the time of Pakistan's
independence?
- Answer: 11.9%

4. What is the current percentage contribution of the agriculture sector to GDP?

- Answer: 19.5%

5. What is the current percentage contribution of the industrial sector to GDP?

- Answer: 20.88%

6. What is the current percentage contribution of the services sector to GDP?

- Answer: 59.59%

7. Which key indicator highlights the extraordinary structural transformation of Pakistan over the
time
period?
- Answer: The huge transformation in economic, social, and political power from the
agriculturist
towards an urban and rural middle class.

8. What was the population of East Pakistan as a percentage of the total population of Pakistan at
the
time of independence?
- Answer: 55%

9. How did the geographical size of West Pakistan compare to that of East Pakistan at the time of
independence?
- Answer: West Pakistan was 6 times more than East Pakistan.

10. What was the focus of economic policy-making during the Decade of Development (1958-
1968)?
- Answer: Model Capitalist Economy

11. What was the rate of growth in the manufacturing sector during the Decade of Development
(1958-
1968)?
- Answer: High growth rate
VU Academic Consultant 03222254114
5. What were the major land reform efforts in the agriculture sector of Pakistan?
- Answer: Land reforms.

6. What were the key issues faced by the agriculture sector in Pakistan?
- Answer: Stagnation, low productivity, and lack of modernization.

7. How did the agriculture sector perform before the British rule in Pakistan?
- Answer: Self-sufficient and subsistence-based.

8. What was the impact of the Indus Water Treaty on the agriculture sector in Pakistan?
- Answer: Investments in water and power infrastructure.

9. What was the rate of growth in the agriculture sector during the Decade of Development
(1958-
1968)?
- Answer: 5% per annum.

10. What was the focus of economic and social reforms during the Decade of Development
(1958-1968)
in the agriculture sector?
- Answer: Technological breakthrough and productivity gains.

11. What were the regional disparities in the agriculture sector during the Decade of
Development
(1958-1968)?
- Answer: Concentration of agriculture in Central Punjab.

12. How did the feeling of neglect in East Pakistan affect the agriculture sector during the
Decade of
Development (1958-1968)?
- Answer: Demand for full autonomy.

13. What was the impact of the 1965 war on the agriculture sector in Pakistan?
- Answer: Economic and political tensions grew between the two wings.

14. What were the key issues faced by the agriculture sector in Pakistan in terms of stagnation
and low
productivity?
- Answer: Lack of modernization and technological advancement.

15. How did the feudal structure of the agriculture sector in Pakistan impact its development and
transformation?
- Answer: Hindered modernization and productivity gains.
16. What was the role of land reforms in addressing the issues in the agriculture sector of
Pakistan?
- Answer: Aimed to address the feudal structure and promote modernization.

17. How did the Green Revolution impact the productivity and technological advancement in the
agriculture sector of Pakistan?
- Answer: Significant productivity gains through technological breakthroughs.

18. What was the impact of the Indus Water Treaty on the investments in water and power
infrastructure for the agriculture sector?

VU Academic Consultant 03222254114

d) Private ownership
Answer: c) Communal ownership

2. How did the British colonial rule impact the agriculture sector in Pakistan?
a) Introduced modern farming techniques
b) Promoted the feudal system of land ownership
c) Increased agricultural productivity
d) Encouraged the shift to capitalist farming
Answer: b) Promoted the feudal system of land ownership

3. Which major agricultural development program was introduced in Pakistan during the Green
Revolution period?
a) Land reforms
b) Subsidies for agricultural inputs
c) Mechanization of farming
d) Diversification of crops
Answer: c) Mechanization of farming

4. What was the primary objective of the land reform programs implemented in Pakistan?
a) Increase agricultural productivity
b) Reduce the power of feudal landowners
c) Promote small-scale farming
d) Improve income distribution in the agricultural sector
Answer: b) Reduce the power of feudal landowners

5. What are some of the key issues currently facing the agricultural sector in Pakistan?
a) High crop yields
b) Efficient water management
c) Adequate infrastructure
d) Declining soil fertility and water scarcity
Answer: d) Declining soil fertility and water scarcity

1. What was the main focus of the industrial policy during the First Phase (1947-1958) of
Pakistan's
industrialization?
a) Promotion of heavy industries
b) Emphasis on import-substitution
c) Privatization of state-owned enterprises
d) Encouragement of foreign direct investment
Answer: b) Emphasis on import-substitution

2. Which phase of Pakistan's industrial development witnessed the highest growth rate in the
manufacturing sector?
a) First Phase (1947-1958)
b) Second Phase (1958-1968)
c) Third Phase (1969-1977)
d) Fourth Phase (1977-1988)
Answer: b) Second Phase (1958-1968)
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Module 1: Structural Transformation

1. What was the key indicator that highlighted the extraordinary structural transformation of
Pakistan
over time?
Answer: The huge transformation in economic, social, and political power from the
agriculturist
towards an urban and rural middle class.

2. What was the contribution of the agriculture sector to GDP at the time of independence?
Answer: The agriculture sector contributed 53% to GDP, with 65% of the labor force involved.

3. What was the contribution of the agriculture sector to GDP today?

Answer: The agriculture sector contributes 19.5% to GDP, with 42.3% of the labor force
involved.

4. What was the contribution of the manufacturing sector to GDP at the time of independence?
Answer: The manufacturing sector contributed 7.8% to GDP at the time of independence.

5. What was the contribution of the services sector to GDP today?

Answer: The services sector contributes 59.59% to GDP today.

6. What was the population of Pakistan at the time of independence compared to today?
Answer: Pakistan today is less than half the size of the country it was in 1947, as 55% of the
population
lived in East Pakistan.

7. What was the focus of economic policy-making during the Decade of Development (1958-
1968)?
Answer: The focus was on creating a model capitalist economy with considerable economic
growth.

8. What was the impact of the 1965 war on Pakistan's economy?

Answer: The 1965 war led to economic and political tensions growing between the two wings
of
Pakistan.

9. What was the key policy success during the Laying the Foundations period (1947-1958)?
Answer: The key policy success was the emphasis on industrial growth, which led to a 34%
growth in
the manufacturing sector from 1952 to 1954.
10. What was the key policy failure during the Laying the Foundations period (1947-1958)?
Answer: The key policy failure was the decline in the agricultural growth rate from 1951 to
1958.

Module 2: Agriculture Sector of Pakistan

1. What was the impact of British colonialism on the agriculture sector in Pakistan?
Answer: British colonialism had a significant impact on the agriculture sector in Pakistan.

VU Academic Consultant 03222254114

2. What was the status of the agriculture sector in Pakistan before British rule?
Answer: Before British rule, the agriculture sector in Pakistan was predominantly feudal in
nature.

3. What was the impact of the Green Revolution on the agriculture sector in Pakistan?
Answer: The Green Revolution led to significant technological breakthroughs and increased
productivity in the agriculture sector.

4. What were the key issues faced by the agriculture sector in Pakistan?
Answer: Some of the key issues faced by the agriculture sector in Pakistan include land
reforms, water
management, and low productivity.

5. What was the role of the feudal system in the agriculture sector of Pakistan?
Answer: The feudal system had a significant impact on the structure and ownership patterns in
the
agriculture sector.

6. How did the land reforms in Pakistan affect the agriculture sector?
Answer: The land reforms in Pakistan aimed to address the issues of land ownership and
distribution,
but their effectiveness has been debated.

7. What was the contribution of agriculture to the GDP of Pakistan at the time of independence?
Answer: At the time of independence, the agriculture sector contributed 53% to the GDP of
Pakistan.

8. How did the partition of India affect the agriculture sector in Pakistan?
Answer: The partition of India led to significant disruptions and displacements in the
agriculture sector,
as many farmers were forced to relocate.

9. What was the impact of the Indus Water Treaty on the agriculture sector in Pakistan?
Answer: The Indus Water Treaty was an important milestone that helped address water
management issues in the agriculture sector.
10. How did the British colonial policies affect the technological development in the agriculture
sector of
Pakistan?
Answer: The British colonial policies had a mixed impact on the technological development in
the agriculture sector, as they introduced some modern techniques but also reinforced the feudal
system.

Module 3: Industrial Sector of Pakistan

1. What were the four phases of industrial development in Pakistan?

Answer: The four phases of industrial development in Pakistan were: 1947-1958, 1958-1968,
1969-1977, and 1977-1988.

2. What was the key focus of the first phase of industrial development (1947-1958)?
Answer: The key focus of the first phase was on building an economic base through the state
sector and emphasizing industrial growth.

3. What was the key characteristic of the second phase of industrial development (1958-1968)?
Answer: The key characteristic of the second phase was the considerable economic growth and
the focus on creating a model capitalist economy.

4. What was the impact of the 1965 war on the industrial sector of Pakistan?
Answer: The 1965 war led to economic and political tensions between the two wings of
Pakistan,
which had an impact on the industrial sector.

5. What were the key issues faced by the industrial sector in Pakistan?
Answer: Some of the key issues faced by the industrial sector include structural adjustment,
privatization, and lack of competitiveness.

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5. How did the domestic and foreign debt crises affect Pakistan's public finance?
Answer: The domestic and foreign debt crises had a significant impact on Pakistan's public
finance,
leading to the need for structural adjustment and IMF programs.

6. What was the role of the IMF and structural adjustment programs in Pakistan's public finance?
Answer: The IMF and structural adjustment programs played a significant role in shaping
Pakistan's
public finance and fiscal policy, often with mixed results.

7. How did the political instability and changes in government affect the fiscal policy in
Pakistan?
 Answer: The political instability and changes in government had a significant impact on the
continuity
and effectiveness of fiscal policies in Pakistan.

8. What were the key reforms undertaken in the public finance and taxation system of Pakistan?
Answer: Some of the key reforms included efforts to broaden the tax base, improve tax
administration, and manage the fiscal deficit and debt.

9. How did the regional disparities in economic development affect the public finance and fiscal
policy in Pakistan?
Answer: The regional disparities in economic development, particularly between the two wings
of Pakistan, had implications for the distribution of resources and the effectiveness of fiscal
policy.

10. What was the impact of external factors, such as global economic conditions and foreign aid,
on
Pakistan's public finance and fiscal policy?
Answer: External factors, such as global economic conditions and the inflow of foreign aid,
had a significant impact on Pakistan's public finance and fiscal policy, often shaping the
country's economic trajectory.