STOCKHOLM DECLARAION

1. Introduction

Nature supports the man staying on the environment through requirements of

food and opportunities to form the mindset, morality, community and
spirituality as well. The United Nations, aware that the war against poverty will
be won in the fields of education, employment, better standards of living and
social progress, recognizing that there are problems of development common to
all mankind, knows: (1) Because the man becomes the basic node on an
ecosystem and a human life is a graphical structure that is seeking the relations
between living creatures and their environments by simultaneous ensuring an
inborn source of energy and nutrition’s while (2) the society of the rural and
urban areas have been tightly interwoven and shares a fate together in a web
through which communities have continued to rely on our planet, (3) one could
say In most cases, the results of changing surrounding conditions and
technological progress were negative because of decreasing urban and rural
qualities while the available knowledge and technical progress remain the same.

The United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, having met at

Stockholm from 5 to 16 June 1972, having considered the need for a common
outlook and for common principles to inspire and guide the peoples of the world
in the preservation and enhancement of the human environment, proclaims that:
The United Nations Conference on Human Environment adopted during its two
weeks holding (5-16 June 1972) at Stockholm, has considered the need for a
common philosophy and standard principles to inspire and guide the people in
the world to preserve and improve the human environment. It is therefore the
precinct of this Conference to apply that principle.

1.1 Background

The city of Stockholm, Sweden, was not only the city that history has
designated as the cultural capital of the country, but the place that even other
countries dwelled onto as an example of the country’s political and economic
development. That a city, like the European Dark Ages, acts as the ideal world
should never be forgotten. Before the war Stockholm had almost common
character with many other European cities, but this was to change
dramatically. Nevertheless, this renaissance required clever and thoughtful
action, thus, Stockholm chose to immerse itself with virtue of both the
traditional and modern paths. This has always been its modus operandi of
regulating the residents' way of life with the memories of its colonial way of
living. However, Sweden organizing the United Nations Conference on the
Human Environment held on the 5th of June-16th June 1972 was partly as a
result of the philosophy that compels people to put efforts to conserve the
environment so as to prevent manmade harmful emissions that can affect the
rhetoric of all humankind. The topic of the conference was that of human
environment and the mission was to search for a likewise approach of
technology and development which could make the human to enrich the
environment with dignity. As a whole all 113 States of the Continent were
represented and 19 heads of state and 54 heads of government supported, in
addition about 1400 representatives of non-state organizations worked under the
supervision of NGOs. It was a dynamic and straightforward time when the Cold
War was still "full power" and there was a conference at the time when the
Vietnam war "exploded". The considered aspects had the dual purpose of
enhancing the order and momentum of the conference and incorporating its
proclamation into it.
2. Key Principle

2.1 Human Rights:

'The 'Orr-ich' model is all about the role of the hu-mans in terms of pin-pointing
the issue at hand and coming up with solutions that will solve the source of the
problem which affects human wellbeing as a community. Nobody will believe
that it would frame the picture just like that, on the contrary, as people start to
see a whole nation with no difference of social status as its citizens only
confidence and health spreads. Water and air, while not just providing those
surroundings provide safety, but pollution dispersal and cultural values of
landscape are given prominence. These two sentences enlighten the reader that
alterations to natural environment may have a negative impact on functioning of
ecosystems. One of the most disastrous implications of this problem to people
who do not have any endowment of the so called "pollution" is among
those. This worsens existing environmental injustice locally while aiding global
proliferation of the problem. Besides of the issue being the focus, the reasons
that go beyond environmental policies alone must provide other social,
economic and political that are basic why is the issue than just being the
mechanism being used to solve the problem.

2.2 Sustainable Development:

Global sustainability1 in line with the Stockholm Declaration is the framework

of responsible and well-thought decisions to satisfy the present and future
generations' needs at the same time. Besides the goal, it will centre on a
conversation about finding a development path is needed yet to proceed without
making it impossible to the future generations’ generation to make their own
needs. This also covers the incorporation of environmental concerns to
decision-making procedure not only in energy, transport, agriculture, and urban
planning but also in other sectors. Institution of sustainable development is
targeted at the creation of a society that perpetually empowers human, social,
and environmental well-being and the right to live in an environment that is
clean and pollution-free. To attain sustainable development, it is necessary to
put in place governance approaches, policies and practices that advance
resource efficiency, promote biodiversity preservation, and build climate change
resilience with no detrimental environmental impacts on but instead
development that is inclusive and equitable.

2.3 Peace and Security:

According to the Stockholm Declaration those actual perturbations of
environmental nature, may provoke mistrust, spark tensions and therefore can
hamper peace process among both local and state levels, and maybe even
internationally. One of these challenges is the hardship over natural resources
caused by environmental issues such as resource scarcity, pollution, and climate
change. This may extent towards displacement of population and social
instability and may eventually lead to instability and conflict. The protection of
environment therefore becomes a fundamental objective that are integral part
building and maintaining peace. The statement stresses the necessity of an inter
1.Vellore Citizens Welfare Forum vs. UOI (A.I.R 1996): The Supreme Court affirmed that sustainable development in
environmental law is a viable concept that can eradicate poverty and enhance living standards while ensuring the ecosystem’s
carrying capacity is not exceeded.
national collaborative effort to deal with shared environmental goods as well as
guard vulnerability to environmental degradation, and manage risks associated
with disputes that are environmentally driven. To follow the strategy of
promoting environmental cooperation and diplomacy the declaration is based
on, nations are supposed to make efforts to build trust, open up dialogue and
cooperation among them which shall contribute to the prevention of conflicts
and promotion of peaceful and secure future.
The principles summarized in the Stockholm Declaration thus structure a
system of addressing environmental issues in an integrated and holistic
approach that takes into account interdependence between sectors, like
environment, social and economic factors. The declaration is stressing the
importance of universal human rights observance, eco-friendly development
concept pursuit, and peace maintenance as well international cooperation via
protecting the environment which is in danger always.

3. Implementation strategies

3.1 Education and Awareness:

Education and awareness -building must be put into stages in the strategy on the
realization of emission reduction scheduled under the Stockholm
Declaration. Through the intention of public awareness, and clarification of the
environmental issues, the people can get involved in decision-making which
helps them in protecting the environment properly. Methods of information and
awareness include the incorporation of environmental education into school
curricula, running outreach campaigns into the public, and the establishment of
enviro-friendly community initiatives. In these cases, such actions can serve to
build the public an eco-friendliness, to give the environment a voice, and to
engage the public in environmental decision-making.

3.2 Policy and Legislation:

The core principles of the environmental agenda outlined in the Stockholm
Declaration are a must for policy and law-making2. This complex process aims
to ensure the achievement of set targets and finally, the expected
outcomes. Governments take the initiative by law and regulation to defend the

2.Major Environmental Legislation in India; Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, Air
(Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, Environment Protection Act, 1986, Forest Conservation Act, 1980, Biological
Diversity Act, 2002.
environment quality, the conservation of natural resources and the promoting of
sustainable development. This might involve regulation of eco-standards,
environmental pollution control, and a system of rewards for companies
behaving responsibly with the environment. Moreover, the governments can
build environment concerns into almost all policy frameworks, including
economic strategies, policy on energy and also land use. Governments through
the implementation of environmental policies3 and regulations develop the legal
and institutional platforms from which environmental sustainability is supported
and the Stockholm Declaration ideals are preserved.

3.3 International Cooperation:

International cooperation4 is as a matter of fact the only way we can deal with
the environmental matters which involve different countries and obtain the aims
of the Stockholm Declaration. Collaborative activities among the nations
facilitates the access to knowledge, resources, and technique in conservation
and use of environmental resources. Setting up international agreements and
treaties enable countries to work collectively for solving the world's
environmental problems, like climate change, the decline in biodiversity, and
marine pollution. Through attending the international meetings and conferences
countries have an opportunity to agree on the modalities, embark on the policy
co-ordination and find the collective solutions for the physical
environments. The international cooperation is another factor that fosters the
building of capacity and gives support technology to developing countries in
achieving their sustainable development endeavours’. International cooperation
affords the opportunity of fostering partnership and collaboration at the global
level and this, in turn, strengthens the implementation of the Stockholm
Declaration and creates the environment that supports collectiveness in the
battle to environmental issues that are international in nature.

4. Conclusion
Altogether, the Stockholm Declaration represented a milestone defining the
recognition that the ties between people and environment are as intricate as one

3. The National Environment Policy of India, formulated in 2006, acts as a comprehensive guideline for sustainable development
and environmental governance in the country.
4. Internationally, there are several efforts that emphasize environmental safety and protection through the doctrine of “Sustainable
Development.”
would ever want to think of. These principles, ranging from human rights,
sustainable development, and peace and security, have not diminished in their
relevance. As a result, they continue to endlessly shine as our guide on the
journey toward an ever-inclusive coexistence with nature in the future. Placing
this conviction at the centre of their thinking, the preclears do not see the
protection of nature as an isolated issue of, say, the natural beauty or animal
population conservation but consider it one of humanity’s highest priorities for
the sake of environment, health, and community welfare. This principle is
meant to outlive barriers and spread through generations.
The component of the declaration the United Nations broached about, in my
view, is the intersectional nature in which environment sustainability and human
rights are irretrievably connected. Thus, humans should in order to close this
discrimination gap that exists have the realistic perception of human rights and
environment sustainability as human rights obtainable by everyone. To
complete the theory, E.F. Schumacher recommends responsibility principle to
us, meaning that to get where we want, we must take morality side paths and the
whole society can develop in ways that is required by all. The ultimate avenue
of this manifest, according to me that is, is found in the combination of
economic growth, social justice, and environmental conservation. With it we
have drawn a path we walk on to more than a healthy environment5, where the
economy is booming, and social problems are massively covered together with
nature into keeping a balance.
In this respect, the Stockholm Declaration stresses on the role and power of
peace and security just as the contributors to the environmental situation and as
the factors behind the environmental crisis. The Stockholm Declaration sees the
environmental well-being of a country to be disrupted if the country is not
peaceful and thus stable. It is by motivating nations to engage and work together
on all levels and across different channels, with use of creating and retaining
dialogues, cooperation, and dialogue that deals with ecological issues, that we
create a common understanding of a world in which all humans will act as one
for the sake of the Earth and the public's well-being as a whole.
The current historical situation is characterized by the long environmental
practice of climate change, loss of biodiversity, air pollution, water and soil
pollution, and the depletion of natural resources. In order to provide the moral

5. Article 48A of Indian constitution provide right to clean and healthy environment states “The State shall endeavor to protect and
improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country.”
values and guidance for the future, the detailed declaration arises to offer the
navigation path. This paradox reveals to us that our destiny as a civilization
depends not only on our own life forms, and that we may one day overcome the
obstacles of desperate circumstances only through the combined efforts of all
with their sacrifices. As for the meaning of the Stockholm Declaration, we
proceed forward confirming the importance of the safety of our environment
preservation in order to afford our future generations a clean, safe, and useable
environment. In addition, we will come up with a plan to ensure that our way of
living in the world is sustainable, fair, and resilient for everybody.

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